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  • Title
  • CERTIFICATE 1
  • CERTIFICATE-2
  • DECLARATION
  • Aknowledgements
  • CONTENTS
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Population growth
  • 1.3 Population and sustainable development
  • 1.4 Physical quality of life
  • Table 1.1. Comparison of Physical quality of life indicators 1991
  • 1.5 Statement of the problem
  • 1.6 Objectives of the study
  • 1.7 Current development trends
  • 1.8 Gandhian perspective on development
  • 1.9 Present realities
  • Notes and References
  • 2. Methodology
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.1 Sources of data
  • 2.1.2 Pilot study and selection of the Panchayat
  • Fig. 2.1 Route covered by the researcher during the pilot study for identifying the study area
  • Fig. 2.2. Map indicating historical divisions referred to the thesis
  • 2.1.3 Universe and sampling process
  • 2.1.4 Collection of Primary Data
  • 2.1.5 Data processing and presentation
  • 2.2 Rationale of the study
  • 2.3 Limitations of the study
  • 2.4 Frame of reference
  • (a) Demography
  • (b) Population density
  • (c) Sustainable development
  • (d) Vital statistics / vital rates
  • 2.5 Chapter scheme
  • Notes and References
  • 3. Review of Literature
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.1.1 Sustainable development
  • 3.1.2 Demographic variables of Kerala
  • 3.1.3 Development issues of Kerala
  • Notes and References
  • 4. Theoretical Background of the Study
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Demography: an overview
  • 4.2.1 Historical development
  • 4.2.2 Social demography
  • 4.3 Demographic data
  • 4.4 Concept of population
  • 4.5 Ancient thinking on population
  • 4.5.1 Pre Malthusian Period (16th century to 18th century)
  • 4.5.2 Malthusian theory of population
  • 4.5.3 Malthus and modern economics
  • 4.6 Marxian theory
  • 4.7 Gandhian views on population
  • 4.7.1 Gandhian perspective on population and sustainable development
  • Table 4.1. Differences between present orientations and Gandhian orientation
  • 4.8 Agenda 21: an overview
  • 4.8.1 Demographic dynamics and sustainable development
  • 4.8.2 The concept of sustainable development
  • 4.8.3 Current trends
  • 4.8.4 Population and poverty
  • 4.8.5 Population and consumpticn
  • 4.8.6 Population and the environment
  • 4.8.7 Density and change
  • 4.8.8 Population-carrying capacity
  • 4.8.9 Population and development policies
  • 4.8.10 Global efforts to control population growth
  • Notes and References
  • 5. Demographic Dynamics and Sustainable Development of Kerala: A Macro Level Analysis
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Geography of Kerala
  • Fig. 5.1. Kerala: Administrative divisions 1991
  • Fig. 5.2. Physiographic divisions of Kerala
  • 5.3 Demographic profile of the State of Kerala
  • Table 5.1 Comparative Area of the districts of Kerala - 1991
  • Table 5.2. District wise population of Kerala-1991
  • 5.3.1 History of population growth in Kerala
  • Table 5.3. Population growth of Kerala
  • Fig. 5.3. Kerala: Decenial growth rate of population 1981-1991
  • Table 5.4. District wise decadal growth rate of Kerala
  • Table 5.5. Decadal Growth Rate of Population-Kerala and India (Percentage Decadal Variation)
  • 5.3.2 Population density
  • Table 5.6. District wise Density of Population in Kerala 1951-91
  • 5.3.3 Birth rate, death rate and migration
  • Table 5.7. Population, Density and Sex Ratio in Kerala from 1901 to 1991
  • Table 5.8. Birth Rate and Death Rate in Kerala
  • 5.3.4 Infant mortality rate of Kerala
  • Table 5.9. Infant Mortality Rate
  • Table 5.10. Age Wise Mortality Rate in Kerala
  • Table 5.11. Proportion of Young Children in the Population of the Selected Indian States, 1991 (%)
  • 5.3.5 Age at marriage
  • 5.3.6 Life expectancy
  • Table 5.12. Expectation of Life at Birth in Kerala
  • 5.3.7 Ageing of population
  • 5.3.8 Lack of social security
  • Table 5.13. Population of aged 60 for selected years, Kerala, 1961-2021
  • 5.3.9 Migration
  • 5.3.10 History of migration
  • 5.3.11 Sex ratio
  • Table 5.14. Kerala-Migration / Emigration
  • Table 4.15. Sex Ratio of Kerala 1951-1991
  • 5.3.12 Literacy
  • 5.4 Kerala: land use
  • 5.4.1 Land use in Kerala
  • Table 5.16. Literacy rates (percent)
  • Table 5.17. Land use pattern in Kerala (Area in hectares)
  • 5.4.2 Per capita land availability in Kerala
  • Table 5.18. Area and percentage of Land put to non-agricultural uses in Kerala
  • Table 5.19. Per capita Land availability
  • Table 5.20. Per Capita Geographical Area, Cultivable Area and Forest Area During 1961- 1991
  • 5.4.3 Cropping pattern
  • Table 5.21. Intensity of Cropping in Kerala from 1960-61 To 1992-93
  • 5.4.4 History of cropping systems in Kerala
  • 5.4.5 Major food crops cultivated in Kerala
  • 5.4.6 Major non-food crops cultivated in Kerala
  • 5.4.7 Trend in area and production of crops
  • Table 5.22. Area under Important Crops (in 00 hectares) - Kerala
  • Table 5.23. Year wise Area under crops in Kerala (in 000 hectares)
  • Table 5.24. Year-Wise Production of Important Crops in Kerala (in 000 tons)
  • 5.4.8 Shift in cropping pattern
  • 5.5 Keralas development experience
  • 5.6 Development: power structures perspective
  • Table 5.25. Basic Social Indicators, 15 Major Indian States, 1991-93
  • 5.7 Kerala: a paradox
  • 5.8 Health crisis in Kerala
  • Table 5.26. Sale of Pharmaceutical drugs n Kerala
  • Table 5.27. Number of medical institution (Allopathic)
  • Table 5.28. Number of beds in medical institutions (Allopathic)
  • Table 5.29. Number of patients treated (Al opathic)
  • 5.8.1 Health care
  • Table 5.30. Comparison of Health Services, 1979-1980
  • 5.8.2 Impact of better health on oemographic? transition
  • 5.8.3 Immunization
  • 5.9 Educational crisis in Kerala
  • Table 5.31. Deaths by Diseases in Travancore, 1900 1940 (per Thousand)
  • Table 5.32. Number of schools in Kerala
  • 5.9.1 Uneconomic schools
  • Table 5.33. Uneconomic Schools in Kerala-1996
  • 5.9.2 Unemployment
  • Table 5.34. Enrolment of students in schools in Kerala
  • Table 5.35. Basic Education Indicators, 1 E Major Indian States, 1993
  • Table 5.36. Per capita expenditure on education
  • Table 5.37. Standard-wise Enrolment in 1995-96 and Age group Children Projected for 2001 A.D.
  • Table 5.38. Progress of Educational Institutions from 1961 to 96
  • 5.10 Housing crisis
  • Table 5.39. Guff Remittances to Kerala from 1990 to 1994
  • Table 5.40. House Constructed in Kerala, District-wise
  • 5.10.1 Housing for the poor
  • 5.10.2 Housing: its philosophical dimensions
  • 5.11 Food crisis in Kerala
  • 5.11.1 Conversion of cash crops in place of food crops
  • Table 5.41. Area under some food crops in Kerala (in 1000 hectares)
  • Table 5.42. Production of Important crops: !n Kerala (in 1000 tons)
  • 5.11.2 Nutrition
  • Table 5.43. Year-wise estimates of Milk, E gg and Meat Production in Kerala
  • 5.11.3 External food dependence of the state
  • 5.12 Urban development
  • 5.13 Conclusion
  • Table 5.34. Urban Area and Density of Population
  • Notes and References
  • 6. The Case Study of a Village in the Midlands of Kerala: Kaduthuruthy Grama Panchayat
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • Fig. 6.1. Location of Kaduthuruthy Panchayat
  • Fig. 6.2. Map of Kaduthuruthy Panchayat
  • 6.2 Demographic profile
  • Table 6.1. Number of eligible couple (ferrule) in Kaduthuruthy 1991
  • Table 6.2. Number of children per family in the panchayat 1991
  • Table 6.3 Female sterilisation (1997-98) Statistics in the panchayat
  • 6.2.1 Demographic indicators
  • Table 6.4. Number of Births and Deaths n Kaduthuruthy Panchayat from 1990 to 1998
  • Table 6.5. Sex Ratio in Kaduthuruthy Panchayat, including projections
  • Table 6.6. Migration details of the panch ayat over the last three decades
  • 6.3 Land profile
  • Table 6.7. Trends in ageing of population
  • 6.3.1 Land holdings
  • 6.3.2 Cropping pattern
  • Table 6.8. Number, area and percentage of Land Holdings in Kaduthuruthy
  • Table 6.9. Important crops (Cash crops, end Food crops) cultivated in the Panchayat
  • Table 6.10. Area of major crops cultivated in the panchayat 1998-99
  • Table 6.11. Trends in cultivation pattern in the Panchayat
  • Table 6.12. Conversion of paddy fields in the panchayath over the last three decades
  • Table 6.13. Change in food habits and growth of external food dependency
  • 6.3.3 Trends in the cropping pattern
  • Table 6.14. Agricultural History of Kaduthuruthy Panchayat: Changes in cropping patterns
  • Table 6.15. Movement of food grains and vegetables in Kaduthuruthy and neighbouring areas.
  • 6.3.4 Area under major crops in the Panchayat
  • 6.3.5 Food diversity: past and present
  • Table 6.16. Year wise area of major crops (Area in hectares)
  • Table 6.17. Crop varities (food crops)
  • 6.3.6 Homestead farms
  • 6.4 Dairying and livestock
  • 6.5 Industrial profile
  • Table 6.18. Year wise Milk Production in Kaduthuruthy Panchayat
  • Table 6.19. Number of Small scale Industrial Units in the Panchayat (1998)
  • 6.5.1 Non-farm employment
  • Table 6.20. Number of commercial transport vehicles and potential labor absorption
  • 6.6 Habitat pattern
  • 6.7 Roads and other communication facilities
  • Table 6.21. Changes in housing pattern and changes in movement of raw materials
  • 6.8 Education
  • Table 6.22. Number of students in schools in the panchayat
  • Table 6.23. Option of the parents with regard to their choice on schools for children
  • 6.8.1 Reading habit
  • Table 6.24. Number of Periodicals subscribed in the panchayat
  • Table 6.25. Number of childrens periodicals
  • Table 6.26. Details of Newspaper subscription
  • 6.9 Health
  • Table 6.27. Preference of Allopathic medical system in the panchayat
  • 6.10 Major findings
  • 6.11 Conclusion
  • 6.12 Transect of the Panchayat
  • Fig. 6.3. Transect 1 (Route: Muttuchira to Vellassery)
  • Fig. 6.4. Transect 2 (Pulikkoottummel to Pulithuruthu)
  • Fig. 6.5 Transect 3 (Kapikkadu to Chirakkunnu)
  • Fig. 6.6. Transect 4 (Eereppalam to Aranasserry)
  • Fig. 6.7. Transect 5
  • Notes and References
  • 7. Summary, Findings and Conclusions
  • 7.1 Improved physical quality of life
  • 7.2 Density of population
  • 7.3 Demographic transition
  • 7.4 Trends in resource use
  • 7.5 Shift in cropping pattern and land use: increasing external food dependency
  • 7.6 Trends in health and health care
  • 7.7 Trends in education: need for an education with character
  • 7.8 Housing and habitat pattern: emergence of a rurban continuum
  • 7.9 Transition in the social system: the state emerging as a post industrial society
  • APPENDIX
  • Interview Schedule
  • BIBILIOGRAPHY