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Full Screen- TITLE
- DECLARATION
- CERTIFICATE
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
- ABSTRACT
- PREFACE
- CONTENTS
- LIST OF TABLES
- LIST OF FIGURES
- 1 A BRIFE REVIEW OF COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PEDICLE SCREW PLACEMENT
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Advantages
- 1.3 Design & Development of Software
- 1.4 Anatomy of Spine
- 1.5 Applied Anatomy of Vertebrae and Pedicle
- 1.6 Thoracic Vertebrae (TI-T12)
- 1.7 Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)
- 1.8 Function of the Vertebrae
- 1.9 Functions of the vertibral or Spinal column include
- 1.10 Pedicles (Radices ARCI i Vertebrre)
- 1.11 Timeline of Pedicle Screw
- 1.12 Anatomy of Pedicle
- 1.13 Surgical Anatomy of Pedicle
- References
- 2 VARIOUS ASPECTS OF PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION
- 2.1 Identifing Pedicles
- 2.2 Entry Points & Defferent Techniques
- 2.3 Funnel Technique
- 2.4 Pedicle Fixation in Scoliosis
- 2.5 Lumbar Pedicle Screws
- 2.6 Thoracic Pedicle Screws
- 2.7 Biomechanics of Pedicle Screw Fixation
- 2.8 Supplemental Techniques of Pedicle- Screw Fixation
- 2.9 Use of Bone- Grafting Materials
- 2.10 Alterartions in Spinal Fusion Techniques due to improved Skeletal Fixation Provided by Pedicle- Screw--Based Implants
- 2.11 Pedicle- Screw-Based Implants
- 2.12 Imaging of Pedicle - Screw - Based Constructs.
- 2.13 Adjacent Segments
- 2.14 Indication for Pedicle - Screw- Based Fixation
- 2.15 Addition of Interbody Fusion
- 2.16 Complications
- 2.17 Union rate in with Pedicle - Screw - Based Constructs
- 2.18 Late Results in Presence of Implants
- References
- 3 CLINICAL ADVANCES IN THE USE OF PEDICLE SCREWS AND PEDICLE-SCREW BASED CONSTRUCTS
- 3.1 Scoliosis
- 3.2 Spinal Fracture
- 3.4 Spina bifida
- 3.6 Neoplasms
- 3.9 Overview
- References
- 4 COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY IN ORTHOPAEDICS
- 4.1 CT-Based Spinal Navigation
- 4.2 Fluoroscopy-Based Spinal Navigation
- 4.3 Alternative Methods and Future Trends
- References
- 5 IMAGE- GUIDED SPINAL NAVIGATION
- 5.1 Principles of Image-Guided Spinal Navigation
- 5.2 Clinical Application
- 5.3 Pitfalls of Image-Guided Spinal Navigation
- 5.4 Fluoroscopic Navigation
- References
- 6 PERCUTANEOUS PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION OF THE LUMBAR SPINE
- 6.1 Foleys Technique
- 6.2 Results
- 6.3 Illustrative Case
- 6.4 Discussion
- References
- 7 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENTS OF SOFTWARE FOR COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Methods and Materials
- References
- 8 VALIDATION STUDIES
- 8.1 Cadaveric Study
- 8.2 Clinical Study
- References
- 9 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED PEDICLE SCREW PLACEMENT
- 9.1 Future Image- Guided Advancements
- 9.2 Three-Dimensional C-ARM Fluroscopy
- References
- 10 SUMMARY AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK