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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE-1
CERTIFICATE-2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
PREFACE
ABBREVIATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF PLATES
LIST OF APPENDIX
1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1.0 Frankia
2.1.1 Taxonomy of Frankia
2.1.2 Genetics of Frankia
2.1.3 Morphological characteristics of Frankia
2.1.4 Physiology of Frankia
2.1.5 Biochemical Properties of Frankia
2.1.6 Serology of Frankia
2.1.7 Ecology of Frankia
2.1.8 Isolation and Cultivation of Frankia
2.1.9 Growth Characteristics of Frankia
2.1.10 Interaction of Frankia with Other Micro Organisms
2.2.0 Actinorhizal plants
2.2.1 Root Nodule Symbiosis
2.2.2 Actinorhizal Nodule Structure
2.2.3 Host Specificity
2.2.4 Infection Process
2.2.5 Nodule Formation and Development
2.2.6 Factors affecting Actinorhizal Frankia Symbiosis
2.2.7 Applications of Actinorhizal Plants
2.3.0 Casuarina
2.3.1 Taxonomy of Casuarina
2.3.2 Morphological features of Casuarina
2.3.3 Propagation of Casuarina
2.3.4 Distribution of Casuarina
2.3.5 Physiological and biochemical aspects of Casuarina
2.3.6 Benefits of Casuarina
2.3.7 Casuarina- Frankia Symbiosis
2.4.0 Azotobacter
2.4.1 Taxonomy of Azotobacter
2.4.2 Habitats
2.4.3 Isolation of Azotobacter
2.4.4 Identification of Azotobacter
2.4.5 Genetics
2.4.6 Physiological aspects of Azotobacter
2.4.7 Benefits of Azotobacter
2.4.8 Interaction of Azotobacter with other microorganisms
2.4.9Azotobacterchroococcum
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1.0 Field Survey and enumeration
3.2.0 Laboratory Studies
3.2.1 Analysis of Rhizosphere soil samples
3.2.2 Analysis of Physico – chemical properties of soil
3.2.3 Isolation and identification of Frankia from Rhizosphere soil
3.2.4 Root nodule analysis
3.3.0 Pot culture experiment
3.3.1 Collection of seeds
3.3.2 Treatments and structure of pot culture experiments
3.4.0 Preparation of nodule inoculum
3.5.0 Inoculation of seedlings with root nodule suspension
3.6.0 Inoculation of seedlings with Azotobacter chroococcum culture
3.7.0 Nutrient application
3.8.0 Collection of data
3.9.0 Isolation of Frankia from rhizosphere soils and root nodules at post harvest stage
3.10.0 Isolation of Azotobacter sp fromrhizosphere soil samples at post harvest stage
3.11.0 Plant analysis
3.11.1 Estimation of total biomass
3.11.2 Assessment of root: shoot ratio and quality index
3.11.3 Analysis of total nutrient content of plants
3.11.4 Biochemical analysis
3.12.0 Statistical analysis
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1.0.Field survey and enumeration of Frankia population from major Casuarina growing areas of Kerala
4.1.1 Physicochemical properties of soil samples under study
4.1.2 Isolation, enumeration and identification of Frankia from soil samples under study
4.1.3 Isolation and enumeration of Frankia colonies from the root nodules of Casuarina equisetifolia under study
4.2.0 Pot culture experiments
4.2.1 Effect of treatments on the seedling height of Casuarina
4.2.2 Effect of treatments on the yield attributing characters of Casuarina plants
4.2.3 Effect of treatments on the Agronomical Parameters of Casuarina Plants
4.2.4 Influence of treatment on the physico chemical parameters of post harvest soil samples
4.2.5 Assessment of Frankia population in post harvest rhizosphere soil and root nodules of Casuarina plants
4.2.6 Effect of treatments on Azotobacter population in post harvest soil samples.
4.2.7 Influence of treatments on the total nutrient contents of Casuarina plants
4.2.8. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Studies
4.2.9. Effect of treatments on the biochemical properties of Casuarina plants
PLATES
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
INDEX