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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ABSTRACT
KEY WORDS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ANNEXURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. SOCIAL SECURITY: AN INTRODUCTION
1.1 Concept of Social Security
1.2 Evolution of Social Security
1.3 Significance of Social Security
1.4 Growth and Development of Social Security in India
i) Period of Indifference (Period up to 1918)
ii) Period of Agitation (1918 to 1937)
iii) Period of Plan Making (1938 to 1947)
iv) Period of Action (from 1948 onwards)
1.5 Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Scheme
1.5.1 Coverage of the ESI Scheme
1.5.2 Social Security Benefits under the ESI Scheme
1.5.3 Beneficiaries of the ESI Scheme
1.6 Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Corporation
1.6.1 Constitution of the ESI Corporation
1.6.2 Powers of the ESI Corporation
1.6.3 Sources and Application of Funds of the ESI Corporation
1.6.4 Accounts, Audit, Annual Reports and Budget Estimates
1.6.5 Machinery of the ESI Corporation
1.6.6 Organisational Structure of the ESI Corporation
Organisational Structure of the ESI Corporation
1.6.7 Infrastructure of the ESI Corporation
1.7 The ESI Scheme in India
Table 1.1 Employees’ State Insurance Scheme in India at a Glance as on 31-03-2004
1.8 The ESI Scheme in Kerala
Table 1.2 Employees’ State Insurance Scheme in Kerala at a Glance as on 31-03-2004
CONCLUSION
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CONCLUSION
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Statement of the Problem
3.2 Scope of the Study
3.3 Objectives of the Study
3.4 Hypotheses
3.5 Variables Used for the Study
3.6 Selection of Sample
3.6.1 Selection of Sample Branch Offices
Table 3.1 Branch Offices Selected for the Study
3.6.2 Selection of Sample Enterprises
Table 3.2 Enterprises Selected from the Branch Offices for the Study
3.6.3 Selection of Sample Insured Persons
Table 3.3 Insured Persons Selected for the Study
3.7 Collection of Data
3.8 Tools of Analysis
3.9 Period of the Study
3.10 Limitations of the Study
4. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE BENEFITS
4.1 The Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Benefits
4.1.1 Medical Benefit
4.1.2 Sickness Benefit
4.1.3 Maternity Benefit
4.1.4 Disablement or Employment Injury Benefit
4.1.5 Dependents’ Benefit
4.1.6 Other Benefits
Section A
4.2 Profile of the Sample
4.2.1 Profile of the Enterprises Selected for the Study
i) Type of Organisation
Table 4.1 Type of Organisation of the Enterprises
ii) Number of Years of Functioning
Table 4.2 Number of Years of Functioning of the Enterprises
iii) Number of Insured Persons
Number of Insured Persons in the Enterprises
4.2.2 Profile of the Insured Persons Selected for the Study
i) Sex
ii) Age
iii) Education
iv) Marital Status
v) Number of Dependents
vi) Place of Residence
vii) Nature of Employment
viii) Period of Service
ix) Nature of Pay
x) Monthly Income
Section B
4.3 Effectiveness of the Employees’ State Insurance Benefits
4.3.1 Awareness of the ESI Benefits
4.3.2 Sources of Awareness of the ESI Benefits
4.3.3 Level of Satisfaction in the Information Given by the Corporationon the ESI Scheme
4.3.4 Knowledge about the Formalities for Claiming the ESI Benefits
4.3.5 Quality of Medical Benefit
i) Institutional Preference for Treatment
ii) Level of Satisfaction of the Insured Persons in the Services/Facilitiesin ESI Dispensaries
Chi-square Test Results of the Level of Satisfaction of the InsuredPersons in the Services/Facilities in ESI Dispensaries
1) Services of Doctors
2) Drugs and Dressings
3) Standard of Drugs
4) Laboratory Tests
5) System of Medicine
6) Family Welfare
7) Health Improvement
iii) Insured Persons Taking Further Treatments in ESI Hospitals
iv) Level of Satisfaction of the Insured Persons in the Services/Facilitiesin ESI Hospitals
1) Services of Doctors
2) Drugs and Dressings
3) Standard of Drugs
4) Laboratory Tests
5) System of Medicine
6) Specialists’ Service
7) In-patient Treatment
8) Family Welfare
9) Health Improvement
v) Insured Persons Who Wish to Continue in the Medical Benefit Scheme (After Retirement)
4.3.6 Insured Persons Availing of Cash Benefits
4.3.7 Level of Satisfaction Among the Insured Persons in the Amount ofCash Benefits
4.3.8 Delay in Disbursing Cash Benefits
4.3.9 Services of the Administrative Staff
4.3.10 Co-operation and Services of the Employers
CONCLUSION
5. WORKING OF THE MACHINERY OF THEEMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION
Section A Administrative Machinery of the ESI Corporation
5.1 Inspectorates
5.1.1 Performance of Inspectorates
Table 5.1 Performance of Inspectorates
5.1.2 Attitude of Inspectorate Personnel
Table 5.2 Perceptions of the Employers as to the Attitude ofInspectorate Personnel
5.1.3 Level of Satisfaction in the Working of Inspectorates
Table 5.3 Level of Satisfaction among the Employersin the Working of the Inspectorates
5.1.4 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in the Working of Inspectorates
Table 5.4 Reasons for Dissatisfaction among Employers in theWorking of Inspectorates
5.2 Revenue Recovery Machinery
5.2.1 Performance of Revenue Recovery Machinery
Table 5.5 Performance of Revenue Recovery Machinery
5.2.2 Attitude of Revenue Recovery Machinery Personnel
Table 5.6Perceptions of Employers as to the Attitude ofRevenue Recovery Personnel
5.2.3 Level of Satisfaction in the Working of Revenue Recovery Machinery
Table 5.7 Level of Satisfaction among Employers in the Working ofRevenue Recovery Machinery
5.2.4 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in the Working of Revenue RecoveryMachinery
Table 5.8 Reasons for Dissatisfaction among Employers in the Working ofRevenue Recovery Machinery
5.3 Employees’ Insurance (EI) Courts
5.3.1 Performance of EI Courts
Table 5.9Performance of Employees’ Insurance Courts
5.3.2 Awareness of EI Courts
Table 5.10 Awareness of EI Courts as Perceived by InsuredPersons and Employers
5.3.3 Insured Persons and Employers who have Filed Cases in EI Courts
Table 5.11Responses of the Insured Persons and Employers as to the Cases Filedin Employees’ Insurance Courts
5.3.4 Delay in Disposing of Cases in EI Courts
Table 5.12 Responses of Insured Persons and Employers as to the Delay in SettlingCases in Employees’ Insurance Courts
5.3.5 Level of Satisfaction in the Working of EI Courts
Table 5.13 Level of Satisfaction among Insured Persons and Employers in theWorking of Employees’ Insurance Courts
5.3.6 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in the Working of EI Courts
Table 5.14 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in the Working of EI Courts
5.4 Grievances Redress Cell
5.4.1 Performance of Grievances Redress Cell
Table 5.15 Performance of Grievances Redress Cell
5.4.2 Awareness of Grievances Redress Cell
Table 5.16 Awareness of Grievances Redress Cell as Perceived byInsured Persons and Employers
5.4.3 Insured Persons and Employers who have Lodged Grievances inthe Grievances Redress Cell
Table 5.17 Responses of the Insured Persons and Employersas to the Grievances Lodged
5.4.4 Delay in Disposing of Grievances
Table 5.18 Responses of Insured Persons and Employers as to the Delay inDisposal of Grievances Lodged with Redress Cell
5.4.5 Level of Satisfaction in the Working of Grievances Redress Cell
Table 5.19 Level of Satisfaction among the Insured Persons and Employers in theWorking of Grievances Redress Cell
5.4.6 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in the Working of Grievances RedressCell
Table 5.20 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in the Working of Grievances Redress Cell
CONCLUSION
Section B Advisory Bodies of the ESI Corporation
5.5 Medical Benefit Council
5.5.1 Number of Meetings Conducted
Table 5.21 Meetings Conducted by the Medical Benefit CouncilDuring 1994-95 to 2003-04
5.6 Regional Boards
5.6.1 Number of Regional Boards Constituted
Table 5.22 Regional Boards Constituted by the CorporationDuring 1994-95 to 2003-04
5.6.2 Number of Regional Board Meetings Conducted
Table 5.23 Regional Board Meetings ConductedDuring 1994-95 to 2003-04
5.7 Local Committees
5.7.1 Number of Local Committees Constituted
Table 5.24 Local Committees Constituted During 1994-95 to 2003-04
5.7.2 Number of Local Committee Meetings Conducted
Table 5.25 Local Committee meetings conducted in KeralaRegion During 1994-95 to 2003-04
CONCLUSION
6.. FUND MANAGEMENT OF THEEMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE CORPORATON
6.1 Concept of Fund Management
6.2 Fund Management of the ESI Corporation
6.3 Sources of Fund of the ESI Corporation
Table 6.1 Common Size Statement Showing the Sources of Fund ofthe ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.3.1 Contribution
Table 6.2 Contribution Income of the ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.3.2 Interest on Investments
Table 6.3 Income from Interest on Investments ofthe ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.3.3 Other Incomes
Table 6.4Other Incomes of the ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.3.4 Total Income
Table 6.5 Total Income of the ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
Fig.6.1 Actual and Estimated Amount of Total Income of the ESI Corporation
6.4 Application of Funds of the ESI Corporation
Table 6.6 Common Size Statement Showing the Application of Funds ofthe ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.4.1 Medical Benefits
Table 6.7 Expenditure on Medical Benefits Provided by theESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.4.2 Cash Benefits
Table 6.8 Expenditure on Cash Benefits Provided bythe ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.4.3 Administration Expenses
Table 6.9Administration Expenses of the ESI Corporationfrom 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.4.4 Total Expenditure
Table 6.10 Total Expenditure of the ESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
Fig.6.2 Actual and Estimated Amount of Total Expenditure of the ESI Corporation
6.5 Excess of Income over Expenditure (Surplus) of the ESI Corporation
Table 6.11 Excess of Income over Expenditure (Surplus) of the ESI Corporationfrom 1994-95 to 2003-04
Fig.6.3 Actual and Estimated Excess of Income over Expenditure (Surplus) of the ESI Corporation
6.6 Growth of Total Reserve Fund of the ESI Corporation
Table 6.12 Growth of Total Reserve Fund of the ESI Corporationfrom 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.7 Reserve Fund Investment of the ESI Corporation
Table 6.13 Common Size Statement Showing the Reserve Fund Investment of theESI Corporation from 1994-95 to 2003-04
6.8 Return on Reserve Fund Investment of the ESI Corporation
Table 6.14 Return on Reserve Fund Investment of the ESI Corporationfrom 1994-95 to 2003-04
CONCLUSION
7. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Findings of the Study
7.1.1 Effectiveness of the ESI Benefits
7.1.2 Working of the Machinery of the ESI Corporation
7.1.3 Fund Management of the ESI Corporation
7.2 Recommendations
1. Enhance the Awareness of the ESI Scheme
2. Improve the Quality of Medical Care
3. Relax the Eligibility Conditions and Simplify the Formalities
4. Hike in the amount of Cash Benefits
5. Timely Payment of Cash Benefits
6. Change the Attitudinal Orientation of the Personnel
7. Speedy Redress of Grievances/Complaints
8. Better Representation of Employees and Employers
9. Timely Constitution of Advisory Bodies
10. Financial Assistance from the Central Government
11. Make Changes in the Investment Policy
ANNEXURE - I A STUDY ON THE WORKING OFTHE EMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION
ANNEXURE-II A STUDY ON THE WORKING OFTHE EMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
REPORTS
ARTICLES
INDEX