Online Thesis Search Results

Title
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Preface
CONTENTS
Symbols and Abbreviations
I. Introduction
I.1. Rubber plantation in India
I.1.1. Brief History
I.1.2. Present Status
I.2. Ancillary products from rubber plantation
I.2.1. Rubber Wood
I.2.2. Rubber Honey
I.2.3. Rubber Seed
I.3. Rubber seed cake
I.4. Rubber seed oil
I.4.1. Extraction of Oil
Fig. 1.1. Oil expeller
I.4.2. Refining and Bleaching of RSO
I.4.3. Physical Properties and Chemical Composition of Rubber Seed Oil
I.4.4. Industrial Applications of Rubber Seed Oil
I.4.5. Chemical Modification of Rubber Seed Oil
I.5. Vegetable oil in industrial application / polymer processing
I.5.1. Definition and Classification of Oil
I.5.2. Type of Vegetable Oil
I.5.3. Structure and Composition
I.5.4. General Characteristics of Vegetable Oils
I.5.5. Vegetable Oils of Commercial lmportance
I.5.6. Chemical Modification of Vegetable Oils
I.5.7. Uses of Vegetable Oil
I.5.8. Limitations of Vegetable Oils
I.6. Plasticizers and softners
I.6.1. Plasticizers
I.6.2. Use of Plasticizers
I.6.3. Theories of Plasticization
I.6.4. Requirements for a Plasticizer
I.6.5. Classification
I.7. Polyvinyl Chloride: Its Plasticization and Stabilization
I.7.1. Manufacture of PVC
I.7.2. Physical Properties
I.7.3. Additives for PVC
I.8. Peptizers
I.9. Latex Compounding
I.9.1. Compounding Ingredients
I.10. Role of coupling agents in silica filled compounds
I.10.1. Coupling Agent
I.10.2. Reinforcement by Silica Filler
I.10.3. Silanisation of Silica
I.10.4. Rubber to Rubber and Filler to Rubber Crosslinking
I.10.5. Carbon Black versus Silica
I.10.6. Silica Development Activities
I.10.7. Silane Coupling and Mixing/processing Options
Scope of the Work
Objectives of the Work
References
II Experimental techniques
II.1. Materials used
II.1.1. Concentrated Natural Rubber Latex
II.1.2. Styrene-butadiene latex
II.1.3. Polyvinyl Chloride Resin
II.1.4. Polychloroprene
II.1.5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene Rubber
II.1.6. Technically Specified Natural Rubber (ISNR 5)
II.1.7. Rubber Seed Oil (RSO)
II.1.8. Epoxidised Rubber Seed Oil (ERSO)
II.1.9. Fillers
II.2. Rubber chemicals
II.2.1. Zinc oxide
II.2.2. Sterric acid
II.2.3. Sulphur
II.2.4. Diethylene glycol (DEG)
II.2.5. Magnesium oxide (MgO)
II.2.6. Accelerators
II.2.7. Antioxidants
II.2.8. Plasticizers
II.2.9. Special Chemicals
II.3. Experimental techniques
II.3.1. Composition Analysis of RSO Using GPC
II.3.2. Preparation of Epoxidised Rubber Seed Oil
II.3.3. Preparation of 20% Rubber Seed Oil/Potassium Oleate Soap
II.3.4. Preparation of Copper Oleate from Oleic Acid and Mixture of Copper Salts from Rubber Seed oil
II.3.5. Preparation of aqueous dispersions
II.3.6. Preparation of Emulsions
II.4. Analysis of NR latex for quality parameters
II.4.1. Dry Rubber Contsnt (DRC)
II.4.2. Total Sdids Content (TSC)
II.4.3. Mechanlccrl Stability Time (MST)
II.4.4. Ammonir Content (Alkalinity)
II.4.5. Volrtilo FIilty Acid (VFA) Number
II.4.6. Zinc oxide Stability Time (ZST)
II.4.7. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Number
II.4.8. Coagulum Content
II.5. Testing of rubber seed oil
II.5.1. Specific Gravity
II.5.2. Refractive index
II.5.3. Acid Value (Free Fatty Acids)
II.5.5. Iodine Value
II.5.6. Un-saponifiable Matter
II.5.7. Titre
II.5.8. Determination of Oxirane Percentage
II.6. Raw rubber tests
I.6.1. Composite Sample preparation
II.6.2. Viscosity of Rubber Solutions
Fig. II.4. Haake Viscotester
II.7. Preparation and testing of polyvinyl chloride compounds
II.7.1. Preparation of PVC Compounds
Fig. II.5. Haake Rheocord 90
II.7.2. Dynamic Heat Stability
II.7.3. Tensile Strength, Elongation at Break and Modulus
II.7.4. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyser
II.7.5. Static Thermal Stability of PVC Compounds
II.8. Limiting oxygen index
II.9. Production of latex foam
II.10. Preparation of dry rubber compounds
II.11. Testing of unvulcanized compounds
II.11.1. Time of Optimum Cure
II.11.2. Cure Rate Index
II.11.3. Determination of Mooney Scorch Time
II.12. Moulding of test samples
II.12.1. Test Specimen Preparation
II.13. Testing for vulcanizate properties
II.13.1. Modulus, Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break
II.13.2. Tear Strength
II.13.3. Hardness
II.13.4. Heat Build-up
II.13.5. Abrasion Resistance
II.13.6. Rebound Resilience
II.13.7. Compression Set
II.13.8. Twllng for Fungal Growth
II.13.9. Determination of Crosslinking Density / Volume Fraction of Rubber
II.14. Measurement of resistance to degradation
II.14.1. Measurement of Oil Resistance
II.14.2. Leaching Loss
II.14.3. Volatilition Loss
II.14.4. Hot Air Ageing
II.15. Testing of latex foam
II.15.1. Hardness of Foam
II.15.2. Flexing Test
II.15.3. Compression Set
II.15.4. Whole Sample Compression
II.15.5. Ageing
References
III. Studies on epoxidised rubber seed oil as a plastic acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
III.1. Results and discussion
III.1.1. Effect of ERSO on cure characteristics of NBR compounds
III.1.2 Effect of ERSO on physical and mechanical properties of NBR vulcanizate
III 1 3 Effect of ERSO on ageing resistance of NBR vulcanizate
III 1 4 Effect of ERSO on swelling and leaching behaviour of NBR vulcanizate
III.1.5 Effect of ERSO on volatilization loss and thermal stability of NBR vulcanizate
III.2. Conclusion
References
IV. Use of rubber seed oil in polychioroprene rubber comps
IV. 1. Compounding and curing of polychloroprene rubber
IV. 2. Chemical mechanism of cross linking of polychloroprene rubber
IV.3. Results and discussion
IV.3.1. Effect of RSO on properties of the gum compounds
IV.3.2. Effect of RSO on properties of GPF black filled compounds
IV.4. Conclusion
References
V. Studies on use of rubber seed oil soap in natural rut blend of natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber lal production
V.1. Results and discussions
V.1.1. Effect of soap on time for expansion of latex compound
V.1.2. Effect of soap on hardness of latex foam
V.1.3. Effect of soap on compression set and whole sample compression of latex foam
V.1.4. Effect of soap on flexing resistance of latex foam
V.1.5. Effect of soap on ageing resistance latex foam
V.1.6. Effect of soap on mould shrinkage of latex foam
V.1.7. Effect of soap on structure of latex foam
V.2. Conclusion
Fig. V.1. Foamed latex serum interfaces
Fig. V.2. Photograph of POE
Fig. V.3. Photograph of RSOS
Fig. V.4. Photomicrograph of foam sample POE
Fig. V.5. Photomicrograph of foam sample RSOS
References
VI. Studies on copper salt of fatty acids from rubber seed oil as pepticizer for estimation of dirt content in technically specified natural rubber
VI.1 Results and discussion
VI.2 Conclusion
References
VII. Uses of epoxidised rubber seed oil as a coupling agent and plasticizer in silica filled natural rubber compounds
VII.1. Results and discussion
Vll 1.1 Effect of ERSO cure characteristics of silica filled NR compounds
VII 1.2 Effect of ERSO on physical and mechanical properties of silica filled NR vulcanizates
VII 2 Conclusion
References
VIII. Studies on epoxidised rubber seed oil as a secondary plasticizer / stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride
VIII.1. Results and discussion
VIII 1.1. Effect of ERSO as a secondary plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride
VIII.1.2. Effect of ERSO as a heat stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride
VIII 2. Conclusion
References
Summary and conclusion
List of Publications