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TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE 1
CERTIFICATE-2
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Polymer blends
1.2 Blending techniques
1.3 Miscibility of blends
1.4 Characterisation of polymer blends
1.4.1 Microscopy
(a) Optical microscopy
(b) Scanning eltxtron microscopy
(c) Transmission electron microscopy
(d) Atomic force microscopy
1.4.2 Glass transition temperature
(a) Dynamic mechanical analysis
b) Dielectric methods
(c) Dilatometric methods
(d) Calorimetric methods
(e) Thermo-optical analysis
(f) Radioluminescence specroscopy
1.4.3 Scattering methods
1.4.4 Spectroscopic techniques
1.4.5 Viscometric technique
1.4.6 Rheological measurements
1.5 Studies on elastomer blends
1.6 Scope and objectives of the work
1.7 References
2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)
2.1.2 Poly (ethylene-co--vinyl acetate) (EVA)
2.1.3 Chemicals
2.1.4 Filers and solvents
2.2 Preparation of the blends
2.3 Characterisation of the blends
2.3.1 Mechanical properties
2.3.2 Optical microscopic studies
2.3.3 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies
2.3.4 X-ray studies
2.3.5 Cure characteristics
2.3.6 Polysulphidic linkage estimation
2.3.7 Cross link density determination
2.3.8 Melt flow studies
2.3.9 Dynamic mechanical analysis
2.3.10 Diffusion experiments
2.3.11 Thermal analyses
2.4 References
3 MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
3.1 Results and discussion
3.1.1 Morphobgy of the blends
Fig. 3.1. Optical micrographs showing the blend morphology of different blend compositions; (a) N10, (b) N20 and (c) N30
Fig. 3.1. Optical micrographs showing the blend morphology of different blendcompositions: (d) N40, (e) N SO (, f) N60, (g) N70, (h) N80 and (i) NW
Fig. 3.2. Scanning electron micrographs showing the microstructure morphologyof (a) N30, @) NSOan d (c) N70
3.1.2 Mechanical properties
Fig. 3.11. Scanning electron micrographs showing the tear fronts of (a) NO, (b) NO (, c) NO, (d) N70, and (e) N IOO
3.1.3 Model fitting
3.1.4 Reprocessability of the blends
3.2 References
4 CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF UNFILLED AND FILLED NBR / EVA BLENDS
4.1 Results and discussion
4.1.1 Morphology
4.1.2 Cure characteristics
4.1.3 Mechanical properties
4.1.4 Scanning electron microscopic studies
4.1.5 Model fitting
4.1.6 Effect of fillers
Fig. 4.27. Scanrung electron micrographs showing the tensile fiacture surfaces of (a) 1 OS (b) l OC (c) lOBS and (d) I OBH
Fig. 4.28. Scanning electron micrographs showing the tear fixture surfaces of (a) 10s (b) lOC (c) IOBS and (d) IOBH
4.2 References
5 MELT RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
5.1 Results and discussion
5.1.1 Melt viscosity
51.2 Melt elasticity
5.1.3 Die swell
5.1.4 Extrudate deformation
Fig. 5.8. Photograph of NBFUEVA blends extruded at different shear rates
5.1.5 Morphology of the extrudates
Fig. 5.9. Scanning electron micrographs of the extrudates of NJO obtained atshear rates of (a) 12 s-, (b) 122 s-I and (c) 367 it
Fig. 5.13. Scanning electron micrographs of extrudate at a shear rate of 367 s (a) N30, (b) NsO. (c) N70 and Id) core region of N70
5.2 References
6 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
6.1 Results and discussion
6.1.1 Effect of blend composition
6.1.2 Effect of frequency
6.1.3 Effect of cross linking systems
6.1.4 Model fitting
6.1.5 Cole-Cole analysis
6.1.6 rime-temperature superposition analysis
6.2 References
7 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
7.1 Results and discussion
7.1.1 Sorption behaviour
7.1.2 Determination of the network structure
7.1.3 Comparison with theory
7.1.4 Effect of penetrants
7.2 References
8 THERMAL ANALYSIS AND AGEING CHARACTERISTICS OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
8.1 Results and discussion
8.1.1 Thermogravimetric analysis
(a) Effect of blend composition
(b) Effect of crosslinking systems
(c) Effect of fillers
(d) Activation energy of degradation
8.1.2 Differential scanning calorimetry
8.1.3 Ageing characteristics
Fig. 8.19. Effect of blend composition on the tensile strength of peroxide curedunaged and aged samples
Fig. 8.22. Effect of filler loading (IIAF) on the tensile strength of unagcd andaged samples
8.2 References
CONCLUSION
FUTURE OUTLOOK
1. Compatibilisation studies
2. Electrical property measurements
3. Fabrication of useful products
APPENDIX
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
CURRICULUM VITAE