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TITLE
QUOTATION
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Basic picture of polymers
1.1.a. Polymerization
1.2. Mechanism of polymerization
1.3. Preparation of polymer thin films
1.3.a. Preparation of thin films from polymer bulk material
1.3.a.1. Solution casting method
1.3.b.2. Evaporation
1.3.c.3. Sputtering method
1.3.b. Preparation of polymer thin films from the monomer
1.3.b.1. Radiation induced polymerization
1.3.b.2. Pyrolitic method
1.3.c.3. Plasma polymerization
1.3.b.3.a. Role of Ionization in Plasma Polymerization.
1.3.b.3.b. Free radicals in plasma polymerization
1.4. Different methods to produce plasma discharge
1.5. A brief review on electronic properties of polymer thin films Modes of carrier transport in insulating polymer films
1.5.a. Modes of carrier transport in insulating polymer films
1.5.b. Switching phenomena in polymer thin films
1.5.c. Semiconducting and conducting polymer thin films
1.5.d. Dielectric behaviour of polymer thin films
1.5.e. Piezo electric and pyro electric polymer thin films
1.5.f. Photo conductivity and photovoltaic effect in polymer thin films
1.6. Application of polymer thin films
1.7. Aim and scope of present work
References
II. THEORETICAL ASPECTS
2.1. Electronic states of polymers
2.2. Nature of excited states in polymers
2.3. Ionized states and conducting levels in molecular systems
2.4. Electrical properties of polymers
2.4.a. Electrical conduction in insulating polymers.
2.4.b. Carrier generation and transport processes
2.4.c. Conduction process in M -1- M structures
2.4.c.1. Tunneling
2.4.c.2. Schottky Type conduction process
2.4.c.3. Poole - Frenkel conduction process
2.4.c.4. Space charge limited conduction
2.4.c.5. Hopping conduction
2.5. Dielectric properties in general
2.5.a. Introduction
2.5.a.1. Dielectric relaxation and loss
2.5.b. Various polarization mechanisms
2.5.c. Polarization and dielectric losses in thin films.
2.6. Optical absorption in polymers
2.6.a. Absorption in the UV-Visible Range
References
III. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
3.1. Experimental techniques for the preparation of M -1-M sandwich structures
3.1.a. The radio frequency plasma polymerization setup
3.1.b. Electrode deposition system
3.1.c. Deposition of metal electrodes
3.1.d. Electrical feed throughs
3.2. The procedure
3.3. Fabrication of metal cell for electrical and dielectric measurements
3.4. Methods of measurements
3.4.a. d.c. electrical conductivity measurements
3.4.b. Measurements of dielectric parameters
3.4.c. Film thickness measurement
3.4.c.1. multiple - berm interferometry: (fizeau fringe or equal thickness)
3.4.c.2. Theory
3.4.c.3. Measurement jig
3.4.c.4. Fizeau fringes of equal thickness: measurement
3.5. Experimental method to determine the refractive index n, extinction coefficient k and absorption coefficient α of thin films
3.5.a. Theory of method
3.5.b. Experimental method to determine the absorption coefficient
3.5.c. Experimental method to determine band gap energy
3.5.d. Mode of measurement
References
IV. PLASMA POLYMERIZED FURAN AND LEMONGRASS OIL THIN FILMS - OPTICAL STUDIES
4.1. Experimental techniques
4.2. Growth rate of polymer film formation
4.3. Infrared absorption studies
4.4. Absorption and transmission studies in the UV - VIS - NIR range
4.5. Results and discussion
4.5.a. Plasma polymerized Polyfurrtn
4.5.a.1. Growth rate
4.5.a.2. Polymerization mechanism and structural aspects
4.5.a.3. Absorption in the UV-VIS range
4.5.a.4. Transmission through the plasma polymer Furan films and determination of the optical constants n & k
4.5.b. Plasma polymerized Lemongrass oil thin film.
4.5.b.1. Growth rate of polymer film deposition.
4.5.b.2. IR spectral Studies
4.5.b.3. Absorption in the UV - VIS is range
4.5.b.4 Transmission through the plasma polymer of Lemongrass oil films and determination of the optical constants n & k.
References
V. CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES ON PLASMA POLYMERIZED FURAN FILMS
5.1. Experimental details
5.2. Results and discussion
5.2.a. Study of the effect of pyrolisis on plasma polymerized
5.2.b. Mechanism of electrical conduction in plasma polymerized Furan thin films
5.2.c. Temperature effects
5.3. Conclusions
References
VI. DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PLASMA POLYMERIZED FURAN
6.1. Experimental details
6.2. Results and discussion
6.2.a. Dielectric parameter ε and tans δ: Their dependence on thickness at α fixed frequency 1 KHz
6.2.b. Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in the range of 1 KHz-30 KHz
6.2.c. Bellaviour of ε and tans δ in the frequency range 10 KHz - 1 MHz
6.3. Dielectric properties - Detailed discussion
6.4. Conclusions
References
VII. CONDUCTION MECHANISM IN PLASMA POLYMERIZED LEMONGRASS OIL FILMS
7.1. Experimental details
7.2. Results and discussion
7.2.a. Current -Voltage characteristics
7.2.b. Temperature effect
7.3. Conclusions
References
VIII. DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIZED LEMONGRASS OIL THIN FILMS
8.1. Experimental details
8.2. Results and discussion
8.2.a. The dielectric parameters ε and tans δ: Their dependence on thickness at a fixed frequency 10 KHz
8.2.b. Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in the range of 3 KHz-30 KHz
8.2.c. Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in the range of 100 KHz-1 MHz
8.2.d. Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in very high frequency range 1 MHz - 10 MHz
8.3. Dielectric properties - A detailed discussion
8.4. Conclusions
References
IX. EFFECT OF IODINE DOPING IN PLASMA POLYMERIZED FURAN AND LEMONGRASS OIL FILMS
9.1. Experimental details
9.2. Results and discussion
9.2.a. Iodine doped plasma and polymerized Furan films
9.2.a.1. 1R absorption studies
9.2.a.2. Absorption in the UV - VIS range
9.2.a.3. Electrical conductivity study on Iodine doped plasma polymerized Furan film
9.2.b. Iodine doped plasma polymerized Lemongrass oil films
9.2.b.1. IR absorption studies
9.2.b.2. Absorption in the UV - VIS range
9.2.b.3. Electrical conductivity studies on Iodine doped plasma polymerized Lemongrass oil film
9.3. Conclusions
References
X. CONCLUSIONS