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TITLE
DEDICATION
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Isolation of pure cultures of test organisms
2.2 Culture conditions
2.3 Effluents
2.4 Algal bioassay procedures
2.5 Growth measurements
2.5.1 Cell number
2.5.2 Productivity
2.5.3 Pigment analysis
2.5.4 Estimation of biochemical compounds
2.5.4.a Protein
2.5.4.b. Carbohydrate
2.5.5 Photomicrography
2.5.6 Statistical analysis
2.6 Physico-chemical characteristics of water in the studied sites
2.6.1 Water temperature
2.6.2 pH
2.6.3 Dissolved Oxygen
2.6.4 Free CO,
2.6.5 Alkalinity
2.6.6 Hardness
2.6.7 Chloride
2.6.8 Nitrite
2.6.9 Nitrate
2.6.10 Phosphate
2.6.11 Silicate
2.6.12 Primary production
2.6.13. Total dissolved and suspended solids
2.6.14 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
2.6.15 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
2.6.16 Phytoplankton count
PLATE - 2.1
a. Stock cultures of test organisms
b. Experimental set up
PLATE - 2.2
a. Muvattupuzha river
b. Pulp-paper mill fasctory (Hindustan Newsprint Limited)
PLATE - 2.3
a. Petrochemical factory (Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited)
b. Chitrapuzha river
PLATE - 2.4
a. Cochin estuary
b. Distillery (Mc Dowells Distillery)
III. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
3.1 Analysis of the effluents
3.1.1 Distillery effluent
3.1.2 Pulp-paper mill
3.1.3 Petrochemical factory effluent
3.2 Treatment of phytoplankters with effluents
3.2.1 Treatment of phytoplankters with distillery effluent
3.2.1.1 Growth
3.2.1.1.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.1.1.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.1.1.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.1.1.d Haematococcus laccusfris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.1.1.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.1.2 Productivity
3.2.1.2.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.1.2.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.1.2.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheirn
3.2.1.2.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.1.2.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.1.3 Photosynthetic pigments
3.2.1.3.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.1.3.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.1.3.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.1.3.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.1.3.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.1.4 Protein
3.2.1.4.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.1.4.b Ankistrodesrnus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.1.4.c Scenedesrnus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.1.4.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.1.4.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.1.5. Carbohydrate
3.2.1.5.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.1.5.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs.
3.2.1.5.c Scenedesmus bijuga (lurp.) Lagerheim
3.2.1.5.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.1.5.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.2 Treatment of phytoplankters with pulp-paper mill effluent
3.2.2.1 Growth
3.2.2.1.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.2.1.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.2.1.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.2.1.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.2.1.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.2.2 Productivity
3.2.2.2.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.2.2.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.2.2.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.2.2.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.2.2.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.2.3 Photosynthetic pigment
3.2.2.3.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.2.3. b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.2.3.c Scenedesrnus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.2.3.d Haernatococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3,.2.2.3.eC hlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.2.4 Protein
3.2.2.4.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.2.4.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.2.4.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.2.4.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.2.4.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.2.5 Carbohydrate
3.2.2.5.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.2.5.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.2.5.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.2.5.d Haematococcus Jaccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski.
3.2.2.5.e Chlorococcum humicola, (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.3 Treatment of phytoplankters with petrochemical factory effluent
3.2.3.1 Growth
3.2.3.1.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.3.1.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.3.1.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.3.1.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.3.1.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.3.2 Productivity
3.2.3.2.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gernec k
3.2.3.2.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs.
3.2.3.2.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.3.2.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski.
3.2.3.2.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.3.3 Photosynthetic pigments
3.2.3.3.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.3.3.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.3.3.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.3.3.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.3.3.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.3.4. Protein
3.2.3.4.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.3.4.b Ankistrodesrnus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.3.4.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.3.4.d Haernatococcus laccustns (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.3.4.e Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.3.5 Carbohydrate
3.2.3.5.a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.2.3.5.b Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
3.2.3.5.c Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
3.2.3.5.d Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
3.2.3.5.e Chlorococcum humicola, (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
3.2.3.6 Morphology of the treated algae
3.2.4 Statistical analysis
3.2.4.1 Cell number
3.2.4.1a Distillery effluent
3.2.4.1.b Pulp-paper mill effluent
3.2.4.1.c Petrochemical factory effluent
3.2.4.2 Pigment
3.2.4.2.a Distillery effluent
3.2.4.2.b. Pulp paper mill effluent
3.2.4.2.c. Petrochemical factory effluent
3.2.4.3 Productivity
3.2.4.4 Protein
3.2.4.5 Carbohydrate
3.3 Analysis of physico-chemical characteristics of the study area.
3.3.1 Muvattupuzha river
3.3.1.1 Temperature
3.3.1.2 Potentia hydrogenii- pH
3.3.1.3 Hardness
3.3.1.4 Alkalinity
3.3.1.5 Chloride
3.3.1.6 Free CO,
3.3.1.7 Dissolved oxygen
3.3.1.8 Primary productivity
3.3.1.9 Nitrate- nitrogen
3.3.1.I0 Nitrite-Nitrogen
3.3.1.11 Phosphate- Phosphorus.
3.3.1.12 Silicate-Silicon
3.3.1.13 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
3.3.1.14 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
3.3.1.15 Solids
3.3.2 Physico-chemical parameters of Chritrapuzha river
3.3.2.1 Temperature
3.3.2.2 Potentia Hydrogenii-pH
3.3.2.3 Hardness
3.3.2.4 Alkalinity
3.3.2.5 Chloride
3.3.2.6 Free CO,
3.3.2.7 Dissolved oxygen
3.3.2.8 Primary productivity
3.3.2.9 Nitrate-nitrogen
3.3.2.10 Nitrite-nitrogen
3.3.2.11 Phosphate- phosphorus
3.3.2.12 Sillicate-sillica
3.3.2.13 Biochemical Oxygen Demand - BOD
3.3.2.14 Chemical Oxygen Demand - COD
3.3.2.15 Solids
3.3.3 Physicochemical parameters of Cochin Estuary
3.3.3.1 Temperature.
3.3.3.2 Potentia 1-lydrogenii-pH
3.3.3.3 Hardness
3.3.3.4 Alkalinity.
3.3.3.5 Chloride
3.3.3.6 Free CO,
3.3.3.7 Dissolved Oxygen
3.3.3.8 Primary Productivity
3.3.3.9 Nitrate- Nitrogen
3.3.3.10 Nitrite-nitrogen
3.3.3.11 Phosphate-phosphorus
3.3.3.12 Silicatesilica
3.3.3.13 Biochemical Oxygen Demand -BOD
3.3.3.14 Chemical Oxygen Demand- COD
3.3.3.15 Solids
3.3.3.16.Phytoplankton communities in study sites
PLATE - 3.1 Effect of effluents on the morphology of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
PLATE - 3.2 Effect of effluents on the morphology of Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda.) Ralfs
PLATE - 3.3 Effect of effluents on the morphology of Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim
PLATE - 3.4 Effect of effluents on the morphology of Haematococcus laccustris (Girod.) Rostafinski
PLATE - 3.5 Effect of effluents on the morphology of Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg.) Rabenhorst
IV DISCUSSION
4.1 Distillery effluent
4.2 Pulp-paper mill effluent
4.3. Petrochemical factory effluent
4.4 Muvattupuzha river
4.5 Chitrapuzha river
4.6 Cochin estuary
V CONCLUSION
VI. SUMMARY
VII. REFERENCE