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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF APPENDICES
LIST OF CHARTS & FIGURES
FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
GLOSSARY
I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Importance of tourism.
1.3 Tourism- a panacea for economic development.
1.4 Social and cultural advantages of tourism.
1.5 Tourism as an industry.
1.6 The need for research on Management of tourism Industries in Kerala.
1.7 Objectives of the study.
1.8 Hypothesis.
1.9 Methodology.
1.10 Scope and limitations of the study.
1.11 Scheme of the study.
II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Research studies on tourism.
2.2 References from books and periodicals.
III RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEE ON TOURISM
3.1 Sir John Sargeant committee, 1945.
3.2 L.K.Jha Committee recommendations. 1963.
3.3 Report on cultural tourism, 1968.
3.4 Estimates committee of the Parliament. 1969.
3.5 Report of Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) 1970.
3.6 UNDP Study on tourist organisation, 1970.
3.7 Tourism policy of 1982.
3.8 National committee on tourism, 1986.
3.9 National Action Plan 1992
3.10 National Tourism Policy, 1997.
3.11 UN study on Kovalam, 1973.
3.12 Study by the Asian Institute of Development and Entrepreneurship, Cochin, 1988.
3.1 Mode of transport used for visiting Kerala.
3.13 Report of the ICSSR Research project titled Tourism and Development - A case study of Kerala, 1990.
3.14 The colloquium on Private- Public partnership in tourism, 1999.
3.15 Report of the Tata Consultancy Services, 2000.
3.16 Tourism Vision, 2025, 2001.
3.17 Report of the working group on tourism, State Planning Board, Thiruvanathapuram, 2001,
3.18 Tourism Planning.
3.19 Tourism Policy.
3.20 Glittering tourism wealth of Kerala
3.21 Development paradoxes of the state.
3.22 Tourism allocation under Five Year Plan.
3.2 Allocation for tourism in India under various five year plank.
3.3 Tourism under Five Year Plans in Kerala.
3.23 Disparity between total plan outlay and fund allocation for tourism.
3.24 Plan and Non-Plan allocation in the tourism sector of Kerala.
3.4 Plan and Non- plan expenditure in the tourism sector of Kerala.
3.25 Higher central allocation to Kerala.
3.26 Description of the plan allocation to various projects and institutions.
3.5 Central financial assistance for tourism.
3.1 Kerala State Plan Allocation to projects and institutions engaged in tourism 1999 - 00.
3.2 Details of Non-Plan Allocation of Kerala during 1999-2000.
3.27 Tenth Five Year Plan and Kerala tourism
3.28 Proposed allocations under each scheme during X- plan.
3.6 Year-vise allocation for tourism during the Xth plan.
3.3 Details proposed allocations under each scheme during Xth Plan period.
3.4 Details of foreign and domestic tourists visited in various districts of Kerala during 1998.
3.29 Total number of foreign tourists who visited Kerala in 1998.
3.30 Comparison with foreign tourist arrivals in India.
3.31 Comparison continues.
3.7 Foreign tourist arrivals to India and Kerala from 1990 to 2000.
3.32 Domestic tourist arrivals to Kerala.
3.8 Domestic tourist arrivals to Kerala from 1990 to 2000.
3.33 Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India and Kerala.
3.9 Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India and Kerala.
3.34 Summary of top ten markets generating arrivals to India.
3.10 Summary of top ten markets generating arrivals to India.
3.35 International tourist arrivals, a comparison.
3.11 International tourist arrivals.
3.36 International tourism receipts.
3.12 International tourism receipts.
3.37 Worlds top 15 tourism destinations.
3.13 Worlds top 15 tourism destinations.
3.38 International arrivals and tourism receipts, 1999.
3.14 International arrival and tourism receipts (1999)
3.39 Government expenditure on tourism.
3.1 Government expenditure on tourism and travel during the year 2000.
3.40 Availabililty of accommodation facility in classified hotels in Kerala.
3.15 Details of the availability of accommodation facility in classified hotels in Kerala.
IV STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND KERALA TOURISM.
4.1. The strategic management in tourism.
4.2 Strategic management,
4.3 Adopting changes in a business.
4.1 Adopting changes in a business.
4.4 Planning and Action.
4.5 Strategic management - a process.
4.2 Planning and Action.
4.3 Strategic management process.
4.6 Steps in strategic management.
4.1 Steps in strategic Management
4.7 Figure showing strategic management process.
4.4 Strategic management process.
4.8 Strategic Business Unit (SBU)
4.9 Strategic innovation.
4.10 Multi-faceted role of the managers.
4.11 Competitive advantage, Benchmarking and core competence
4.12 Postures in strategic management.
4.13 Strategic management in tourism.
4.14 Strategic management - to find the success or failure.
4.15 Strategic management in Kerala Tourism.
4.16 Organisation structure of the DOT.
4.1 Existing organisation chart of Kerala Tourism Department.
4.17 Organisation structure of the KTDC.
4.2 Organisation chart of KTDC
4.3 Performance of KTDC for the year 1999-2000.
4.19 Assessment of KTDC performance.
4.20 Fundamental objectives and activities of the DOT, Kerala.
V MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN KERALA- DATA ANALYSIS.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Sample size.
5.3 Questionnaire.
5.1 Category of informants.
5.4 Tabulation of data.
5.5 Analysis and interpretation.
5.6 Tools of Analysis. Response to common questions
5.7 Whether Kerala is a primary or secondary destination.
5.2 Whether Kerala is a Primary or secondary destination.
5.1 Kerala as a tourist destination.
5.8 Most interesting tourism products of Kerala.
5.3 Most interesting tourism products of Kerala.
5.2 Group-wise preference of various tourism products of Kerala.
5.9 Category of tourism to be promoted in Kerala.
5.4 Response regarding category of tourism to be promoted in Kerala.
5.10 Age classification of informants.
5.5 Age-wise classification of informants.
5.3 Age group of informants of various groups.
5.11 Type of tourism which is relevant in Kerala.
5.6 Type of tourism which is relevant in Kerala.
5.12 Medium of publicity for promoting international tourism.
5.13 Reason for poor show in tourism.
5.7 Medium of publicity for promoting international tourism.
5.8 Reason for poor show in tourism.
5.14 Place of accommodation opted by foreign tourists.
5.9 Place of accommodation opted by foreign tourists.
5.10 Place of accommodation preferred by domestic and foreign tourists.
5.15 Opinion regarding tourist hospitality services.
5.11 Opinion regarding tourist hospitality services expressed by Group II, III and IV respondents.
5.12 Analysis of four variables very badly rated by Group II, III and IV informants.
5.4 Demand supply gap on four variables very badly rated by GrouplI, III and IV respondents.
5.16 Opinion regarding tourism promotional services.
5.13 Opinion regarding tourism promotional services expressed by Group II III and IV respondents.
5.14 Analysis of four variables very badly rated by Group 11 111 and IV respondents.
5.17 Opinion regarding price charged for various services. Analysis of the responses from Group I informants
5.15 Opinion regarding price charged for various services expressed by Group III and IV respondents.
5.5 Demand supply gap on four tourism promotional services very poorly rated by Group 11, 111 and IV respondents.
5.16 Analysis of opinion regarding price charged for various services expressed by domestic and foreign tourists
5.6 Demand supply gap concerning price charged for various services expressed by Group III and IV respondents.
5.18 Class of informants.
5.17 Occupation-wise classification of informants.
5.18 Department -wise classification of Group I informants.
5.19 Does tourism Industry requires the co-ordination of related departments?
5.20 Whether master-plan, district-plan and block-plan are necessary for the promotion of tourism.
5.21 The role of local bodies in tourism.
5.22 Performance of DTPCs of Kerala.
5.19 Performance of DTPCs of Kerala.
5.20 Analysis of opinion regarding performance of DTP s of Kerala.
5.23 Problems affecting the tourism industry in Kerala.
5.21 Problems affecting the tourism industry in Kerala.
5.7 Effective-ineffective performance of DTPCs of Kerala expressed by Group I respondents.
5.24 The role of the government in tourism.
5.25 Whether there exists a good number of uncared tourist potential in Kerala.
5.26 Whether particular requirements are: needed in tourism,
5.27 Priority for the mode by which particular facilities can be presented at tourism centres.
5.22 Priority for the mode by which particular facilities can be presented at tourism centres.
5.28 Impact of private participation in tourism sector.
5.23 Impact of private participation in tourism sector.
5.29 A thorough shake-up in tourism plan, policies and programmes.
5.8 Officials agreeing / disagreeing for a thorough shake-up in tourism plan, policies and programmes of the Government.
5.30 Significance of special tourism week celebrations in Kerala.
5.31 Response regarding more Degree / PG level tourism courses.
5.32 Response regarding tax on hotel bills.
5.33 Place where the government shall conduct special tourism fairs.
5.24 Place where the government shall conduct special tourism fairs and festivals.
5.25 Reasons stated for choosing the place of fairs and festivals.
5.34 The need for strategic management in tourism.
5.9 The need for strategic management of tourism industry in Kerala,
Analysis of response from Group II informants
5.35 Classification of Group 11 informants.
5.36 Institutions represented by the informants of Group l
5.26 Occupation-wise classification of informants.
5.27 Informants representing various tourism organistions.
5.37 The role of private sector in promoting Kerala tourism.
5.28 Opinion regarding the role of private sector in the promotion of Kerala tourism.
5.38 The role of the government in promoting tourism.
5.29 Opinion regarding the role of the government in promoting tourism in Kerala.
5.39 Priority regarding the mode of providing various facilities at tourism centres.
5.40 The need for more Degree / PG level tourism courses.
5.30 Priority regarding the mode of providing various facilities at tourism centres.
5.41 Income level classification of Group 11 respondents.
5.31 Income -level classification of tourists.
5.42 Views regarding accommodation preferred by the tourists.
5.43 Mode of transport vehicles used by the visiting tourists.
5.32 Views regarding accommodation preferred by the Tourists.
5.33 Mode of transport vehicles used by the visiting tourists.
5.44 Opinion about tourist hospitality services in Kerala.
5.34 Opinion about tourist hospitality services in Kerala.
5.35 Analysis concerning five variables very badly rated by Group II informants.
510 Demand -supply gap in tourist hospitality services on five variables in Kerala.
5.45 Opinion regarding tourism promotional services.
5.36 Opinion regarding tourism promotional service,.
5.37 Analysis of four variables very badly rated by Group II informants.
5.11 Diagram showing demand-supply gap on four variables.
5.46 Number of nights spent in Kerala by the tourist.
5.47 Views regarding tourist information facilities in Kerarla.
5.38 Number of nights spent in Kerala by the tourists.
5.39 Views regarding tourist information facilities in Kerala.
5.48 Behaviour of local people towards tourists in Kera !a
5.40 Behaviour of local people towards tourists in Kerala.
5.49 General complaints made by the tourists visiting KeraIa.
5.41 General complaints made by the tourists visiting Kerala.
5.50 About HRD programme conducted.
5.51 Human relations existing in the organisation.
5.52 About training of the staff in the tourism sector.
5.53 Whether strategic management is essential for the achievement of business objectives.
5.42 Human relations existing in the organisation of informants.
5.54 Whether SWOT analysis is employed as part of strategic management.
Analysis of response from Group III and IV respondents
5.55 Occupation-wise classification of responder ifs.
5.56 Income- level of domestic tourists.
5.43 Occupation-wise classification of Group III and IV informants.
5.44 Income-level classification of domestic tourists.
5.57 Income-level of foreign tourists.
5.58 Sex-ratio of international tourists.
5.59 Source of knowledge to visit Kerala.
5.45 Income-level classification of foreign tourists.
5.46 Source of knowledge to visit Kerala.
5.12 Sex-ratio of lnternational Tourists.
5.60 Purpose of visiting Kerala for the tourists.
5.47 Purpose of visiting Kerala for the Group III and IV tourists.
5.61 Accompaniment of others with tourists visiting Kerala.
5.48 Accompaniment of others with tourists visiting Kerala.
5.62 Number of nights spent in Kerala by domestic and Foreign tourists.
5.63 Mode of vehicle used for travel is Kera
5.49 Number of nights spent in Kerala by the Group III and IV tourists.
5.50 Mode of vehicle used for travel in Kerala by the Group III and IV tourists
5.64 Type of rooms occupied by the tourists
5.51 Type of rooms occupied by the tourists.
5.65 Place of residence in Kerala.
5.66 Behaviour of local people towards tourists.
5.52 Place of residence in Kerala.
5.53 Behaviour of local people towards tourists.
5.67 Goods bought while on visit to Kerala.
5.54 Goods bought while on visit to Kerala.
5.68 General complaints about Kerala.
5.69 Response regarding a further visit to Kerala.
5.55 General complaints about Kerala.
5.70 Drawbacks for making a subsequent visit to Kerala,.
5.71 X2 test and acceptance of the hypotheses.
5.56 Draw backs for making a subsequent visit to Kerala,
5.72 Index of tourism.
5.73 Index of domestic tourists.
5.1 Index of Domestic tourists.
513 Satisfaction / Dissatisfaction level on 21 variables responded by domestic tourists.
5.2 Index of Foreign tourists.
5.74 Index of foreign tourists.
5.14 Satisfaction/ Dissatisfaction level on 21 variables responded by foreign tourists.
5.75 Road journey.
5.76 Tourist information through Department of tourism.
5.77 Basic amenities.
5.78 Guides service.
5.79 Monuments, museum and zoo.
5.80 Cleanliness and hygiene.
5.81 Educating taxi/ Auto drivers.
5.82 Hill stations.
5.83 Conducted tours.
5.84 Tax on hotel bill.
5.85 Opinions / suggestions / complaints made by various respondents.
VI FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
RESEARCH FINDINGS
6.1 Kerala - a primary tourist destination.
6.2 Importance of domestic and international tourism.
6.3 Age group of visiting tourists.
6.4 Tourism products of Kerala.
6.5 International publicity for Kerala tourism.
6.6 Reasons for slow growth of tourism in Kerala.
6.7 Governments role in tourism.
6.8 Mode of providing facilities at tourist centres.
6.9 Performance of DTPCs in Kerala.
6.10 The role of local bodies in tourism.
6.11 Uncared tourism potential of Kerala.
6.12 Tourism needs a thorough shake up.
6.13 New tourism oriented educational courses.
6.14 Tax on hotel bill.
6.15 Special tourism week celebrations.
6.16 Special tourism fair.
6.17 Type of tourism to be promoted in Kerala.
6.18 Accommodation preferred by tourists in Kerala.
6.19 Price charged for various services in Kerala.
6.20 Mode of transport liked by the tourists.
6.21 Number of nights stayed by the tourists in Kerala
6.22 Behaviour of local people towards tourists in Kerala.
6.23 Complaints / Grievances of tourists,
6.24 Purpose of visit to Kerala.
6.25 Accompaniment of others with tourists visiting Kerala.
6.26 Goods bought by tourists in Kerala.
6.27 Regarding further visits to Kerala.
6.28 Application of strategic management in tourism industry.
RECOMMENDATIONS
6.29 Focus Kerala as a primary tourist destination.
6.30 Equal importance to domestic as well as international tourism.
6.31 Tourism to suit the age group of inbound tourists.
6.32 Promote the most interesting tourism products in a bigger way.
6.33 Tourism marketing and communication media.
6.34 Ensure co-ordination of all related agencies.
6.35 Ensure comfortable road journey.
6.36 Quality tourism alone will attract tourists.
6.37 Promote net tourism.
6.38 Tourist hospitality / promotion services.
6.39 Project a better image abroad.
6.40 Redefine the role of the government in tourism.
6.41 Remodel, refurbish DTPCs.
6.42 Involvement of local bodies in tourism.
6.43 Identify the unexploited tourism products of Kerala and ensure balanced tourism development.
6.44 Devise new objectives, plans, policies and strategies.
6.45 Start new Degree / PG and professional courses in tourism.
6.1 District wise arrival of foreign tourists 1999 and 2000
6.46 Reduce taxes imposed in the travel and tourism sector.
6.47 Give more focus on festivals of Kerala.
6.48 Encourage eco-friendly tourism.
6.49 Make available clean and tidy room facility.
6.50 Immediate reddressal of complaints of tourists.
6.51 Popularise conducted tours.
6.52 Attract rich tourists to visit Kerala.
6.53 Local participation in tourism.
6.54 Public awareness.
6.55 Feedback from tourists.
6.56 Non-seasonal tourism.
6.57 Direct international flights.
6.58 Inland waterways.
6.59 Plantation tourism.
6.60 Hill highway.
6.61 Nedumbassery-Kochi waterway.
6.62 Educational tourism and health tourism.
6.63 Tourism exhibition in north India.
6.64 Communal flare-ups and civil disturbances.
6.65 Tourism law.
6.66 No proper maintenance and government funds.
6.67 Government expenditure on tourism.
6.68 Innovations - the only solution to win targets.
6.69 Fisheries tourism prospects.
6.70 Peace and harmony.
6.71 Development of ports.
6.72 Tourism related industries.
6.73 Focus on youth tourism.
6.74 New amusement.
6.75 Tourism - a great economic force.
6.76 Delinking of the hospitality department.
6.77 State hospitality department.
6.78 Restructured organisation structure of the DOT, Kerala.
6.1 Proposed organisation structure Department of Tourism, Kerala,
6.79 Tourism Co-ordination Committee.
6.80 Strategic Mangement Committee.
6.81 Strategic Managers.
6.82 Strategic Manager - Administration and Establishment.
6.83 Strategic manager-Planning and Development.
6.84 Stategic Manager- Eco - Tourism.
6.85 Joint meetings of the top executives.
6.86 Conclusion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I Tourism products of Kerala.
II Government Guest Houses in Kerala.
III Organisation Chart of Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation, Govt. of India.
IV Tourist Information Offices of Kerala Government.
V Salient features of Union Budget 2002-03 and 2003-04 with respect to tourism industry.
VI Kerala - Facts and figures.
VII Specimen questionnaire - Group- 1.
VIII Specimen questionnaire - Group-I1.
IX Specimen questionnaire- Group - III & IV.
X Text of the Draft Tourism Vision 2025.