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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
  • CONTENTS
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. ACTIVATION OF CARBOXYL GROUPS IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS - A REVIEW
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Acid chlorides
  • 3. Acid azides
  • 4. Anhydrides
  • 5. Esters
  • 6. Coupling Reagents
  • 7. Photochemical Activation
  • i) Nitroindolines
  • ii) 2-Thionothiazolidines
  • iii) 5-Azido-1.3.4-oxadiazoles
  • iv) Oxazole triamide rearrangement
  • 3. ACTIVATION OF CARBOXYL GROUPS USING 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZQLE
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Results and Discussion
  • 2.1 Synthesis of 3-benzoyl benzo thiazoline-2-thione
  • 2.1 (i) Reaction of 3-benzoyl benzo thiazoline-2-thione with amines
  • 2.1 (ii) Reaction of 3-benzoyl benzo thiazoline-2-thione with alcohols
  • 2.1 (iii) Reaction of 3-benzoyl benzo thiazoline-2-thione with amino alcohols
  • 2.2 Synthesis of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 2.2 (i) Reaction of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione with amines
  • 2.2 (ii) Reaction of 3-. (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione with alcohols
  • 2.2 (iii) Reaction of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione with amino alcohols
  • 2.3 Synthesis of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 2.3 (i) Reaction of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione with amines
  • 2.3 (ii) Reaction of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione with alcohols
  • 2.3 (iii) Reaction of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione with amino alcohols
  • 2.4 Synthesis of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 2.4 (i) Reaction of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione with amines
  • 2.4 (ii) Reaction of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione with alcohols
  • 2.4 (iii) Reaction of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione with amino alcohols
  • 3. Experimental
  • 3.1 General
  • 3.2 Synthesis of 3-benzoyl benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 3.2. (i) Reaction of 3-benzoyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (ha) with amines: Formation of amides
  • 3.2 (ii) Reaction of 3-benzoyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (4a) with amino alcohols
  • 3.3 Synthesis of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 3.3. (i) Reaction of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione (4b) with amines: Formation of amides
  • 3.3 (ii) Irradiation of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione (4b) with alcohols: Formation of esters
  • 3.3 (iii) Reaction of 3- (phenylacetyl) benzothiazoline-2-thione (4b) with amino alcohols: Formation ofhydroxy amides
  • 3.4 Synthesis of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 3.4 (i) Reaction of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline - 2 - thione (4c) with amines: Formation of amides
  • 3.4 (ii) Irradiation of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (4c) in presence of alcohols: Formation of esters
  • 3.4 (iii) Reactions of 3-acetyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (4c) with amino alcohols: Formation of hydroxyamides
  • 3.5 Synthesis of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 3.5 (i) Reaction of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (4d) with amines: Formation of amides
  • 3.5 (ii) Irradiation of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (4d) in presence of alcohols
  • 3.5 (iii) Reaction of 3-propionyl benzothiazoline-2-thione (4d) with amino alcohols: Selective aminolysis
  • 4. ACTIVATION OF CARBOXYL GROUPS USING 2-MERCAPTOBENZOXAZOLE
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Results and Discussion
  • 2.1 Synthesis of 3-benzoyl benzoxazoline-2-thione
  • 2.2 Reaction of 3-aryl benzoxazoline 2-thiones with amines
  • 2.3 Reaction of 3-acyl benzoxazoline 2-thiones with alcohols under photochemical conditions
  • 2.4 Reaction of 3-acyl benzoxazoline 2-thione with amino alcohols
  • 3. Experimental
  • 3.1 Synthesis of 3-acyl benzoxazoline-2-thiones (5a-e): General procedure
  • 3.2. Reaction of 3-acyl benzoxazoline-2-thiones withamines: General procedure
  • 3.3. Reaction of 3-acyl benzoxazoline-2-thione withalcohols: General procedure
  • 3.4. Reaction of 3-acyl benzoxazoline-2-thione with aminoalcohols: General procedure
  • 5. MONITORING OF AMINOLYSIS REACTIONS - A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC INVESTIGATION
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Results and Discussion
  • 2.1 UV-visible spectrum of 3-acyl benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 2.2 UV-visible spectrum of 3-acyl benzothiazoline-2-thione during aminolysis
  • 2.3 UV-visible spectrum of 3-acyl benzoxazoline-2-thione
  • 2.4 UV-visible spectrum of 3-acyl benzoxazoline-2-thione during aminolysis
  • 3. Experimental
  • 6. PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Solid phase peptide synthesis - An overview
  • 3. Synthesis of peptides
  • 3.1 Synthesis of 3-[ (N-benzoyl) glycyl] benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 3.2 Synthesis of protected model peptides
  • 3.3 Synthesis of 3-[ (Boc) glycyl] benzothiazoline-2-thione
  • 3.4 Synthesis of dipeptide Boc-Gly-Phe-OMe (21e)
  • 3.5 Synthesis of 3-[ (N-benzoyl!g1ycyl] benzoxazoline-2-thione
  • 3.6 Synthesis of protected peptides
  • 4. Peptide synthesis using solid phase strategy
  • 4.1 Synthesis of dipeptide Ala-Gly
  • 4.1 (i) Attachment of first amino acid - (Boc-Ala) on the resin
  • 4.1 (ii) Preparation of activated Boc-Gly (4g)
  • 4. (iii) Synthesis of dipeptide Ala-Gly (22a)
  • 4.2 Synthesis of dipeptide Ala-Ala,
  • 4.3 Synthesis of tripeptide Ala-Ala-Ala
  • 4.4 Synthesis of tetrapeptide Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly
  • 5. Materials and Methods
  • 7. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
  • REFERENCES