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Title
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
ABBREVIATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Sources of natural rubber
Table 1 Sources of Natural Rubber
2.2 Manihot glaziovii
Fig. 1. Distribution of 3. g l a z i o v i i in North-East Brazil
2.2.1 Introduction and cultivation in India
Table 2 Analysis of ceara rubber samples from various countries
2.2.2 Exploitation
2.2.3 Laticiferous system
2.2.4 Latex
2.2.5 Latex and dry rubber
2.2.6 Ancillary products
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Locations
3.2 Experimental materials
3.3 Brief Description of the experimental trees
3.4 Rainfall
Table 3 Rainfall and number of rainy days
3.5 Methods
3.5.1 Growth and morphology
3.5.2 Propagation
3.5.3 Leaf disease
3.5.4 Bark studies
3.5.5 Exploitation and yield potential
3.5.6 Latex vessels and latex flow
3.5.7 Properties of latex
3.5.8 Properties of dry films of the latex
3.5.9 Properties of dry rubber
3.5.10 Processing properties of mixes
3.5.11 Physical properties of vul cani zat es
Table 4 ASTM 1A formulation (ASTM D 3184 1989)
Table 5 Formulation of tread type compound
3.5.12 Wood and seed oil
4. RESULTS
4.1 Growth and morphology
Table 6 Leaf area and stomatal frequency
4.2 Propagation
4.2.1 Seed propagation
Table 7 Seed treatment and germination
4.2.2 Vegetative propagation
Table 8 Vegetative propagation of M. glaziovii cuttings
4.3 Leaf disease
4.4 Bark structure
4.5 Laticiferous system
Table 9 Comparison of bark thickness, distance from cambium t o inner row of latex vessels and average distance between latex vessel rows of M. glaziovii and H. brasiliensis
Table 10 Comparison of girth, bark thick ness and number, density and diameter of latex vessels and fre quency of stone cells of M. glaziovii and H. brasiliensis
4.6 Bark moisture
4.7 Bark chlorophyll
Table 11 Moisture content of bark of M. glaziovii and H. brasiliensis during summer season
Table 12 Chlorophyll content In the bark tissue
4.8 Latex vessel turgor
4.9 Latex vessel plugging
Table 13 Turgor pressure of _M. glaziovii and other laticiferous species
4.10 Yield and yield potential
Table 14 Latex vessel plugging
Table 15 Girth, bark thickness, volume of latex and PI of M. glaziovii in Location II
Table 16 Treewise mean yield during 1992
Table 17 Yield and estimated yield potential of M. gllaziovii
4.10.1 Potential of wild germplasm
4.11 Properties of latex
Table 18 Properties of latex
4.12 Properties of dry films of the latex
Table 19 Properties of total solids film
4.13 Dry rubber properties
Table 20 Properties of sheet rubber
4.14 Processing properties
4.15 Physical properties of vul cani zat es
Table 21 Processing characteristics of gum compounds
Table 22 Processing characteristics of HAF filled compounds
Table 23 Properties of gum vulcanizates
Table 24 Properties of HAF black filled vulcanizates
4.16 Ceara rubber wood
Table 25 Density, moisture percentage and chemical penetration of boron treated ceara wood and Hevea wood
4.17 Ceara rubber seed oil
Table 26 Physical characteristics of the seed oil of M, glaziovii
5. DISCUSSION
5.1 General
5.2 Morphology, propagation and diseases
5.3 Bark structure
5.4 Yield influencing factors and yield
5.5 Characterisation of latex and rubber
5.6 Ceara rubber wood and seed oil
6. SUMMARY AND FUTURE
Fig.2 5. Extent of semi arid zones in India
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1
Authors publications on M. glaziovi i (Ceara rubber)
APPENDIX II
Authors publications on - H. brasiliensis (Para rubber)