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  • TITLE
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DEDICATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • List of Appendices
  • I. INTRODUCTION
  • Introduction
  • The Educational Scenario in India
  • Need for the Study
  • Statement of the problem
  • Explanation of Important Terms
  • Hypotheses
  • Objectives
  • Methodology in Brief
  • Tools To Be Used for Collection of Data
  • Tools to be used for Identification of LD students
  • Scope and Limitations of the Study
  • Reference
  • II. THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
  • The Learning Disabled
  • Learning Disabilities
  • Learning Disabilities - a Complex Field
  • Groups of Theorists
  • Individual Differences
  • Methods of Gathering Information
  • Reviewing School Records
  • Looking at Student Work
  • Observing the Environment
  • Primary Areas of Assessment
  • Teaching Strategies
  • The Instructional Module - A Brief Outlook
  • Programmed Instruction
  • Guided Inductive lnquiry Model
  • References
  • III. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
  • References
  • IV. METHODOLOGY
  • Methodology
  • Objectives
  • Method Adopted
  • Exoerimental Design
  • Sample Selected for the Experiment
  • Variables
  • 1. School-wise break-up of the sample selected
  • Experimental Variables
  • Criteria for Identification of the Learning Disabled Students.
  • Exclusion Criteria
  • Inclusion Criteria
  • 1. Scatter Plot of Biology Marks against IQ
  • Instruments used for the Experiment
  • 2. Experimental and Control Groups of LD students
  • 3. Experimental and Control Groups of LD and ND students
  • Programmed Learning Material
  • Development of Programmed Learning Material
  • Formulation of Broad Objectives
  • Specific Objectives
  • Development of Content Outline
  • Analysis of Objectives
  • Analysis of Content
  • Development of the frames
  • Try out of the Programme
  • Provision for Student Activities
  • Feedback
  • Supervised Learning Module
  • Construction of the Modules
  • Details of Entry Behaviour for Learning
  • Specific Outcomes of Learning
  • Sequencing Instructional Events
  • Feedback
  • Concept Learning
  • Conceptual Analysis
  • MODULE I: REPRODUCTION
  • MODULE II: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
  • Principles used in the Module
  • Guided Inductive lnquiry Model
  • Elements of Teaching Learning Techniques in Guided Inductive Inquiry
  • Programmed Learning
  • Guided Inductive Inquiry Model
  • Preparation of the Blueprint
  • Construction of Test Items
  • 2. Blueprint of the Achievement test in Biology for Grade IX
  • Procedure Adooted to Standardize the Achievement Test
  • 3. Schools and Sample selected for Try out
  • Item Analysis
  • Distractor Analysis
  • Preparation of the Final Test
  • Reliability of the Achievement Test
  • Validity of the Achievement Test
  • Content validity
  • Concept or construct validity
  • Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability
  • CONTENTS
  • Preparation of the Blueprint
  • Construction of the Test Items
  • Procedure Adopted to Standardize the Test
  • 4. Blueprint of the Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability
  • Tryout
  • 5. Schools and Sample selected for Tryout
  • Preparation of the Final Test
  • Reliability of the Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability
  • Validity of the Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability
  • 6. Values of Reliability Coefficients
  • Content Validity
  • Concept or Construct Validity
  • Empirical or Statistical Validity
  • Objectivity
  • Practicability
  • 7. Validity Coefficients
  • Pupil Behaviour Rating Scale
  • Validity and Reliability
  • Learning Problem Checklist
  • Measurement of Intelligence
  • Ravens Progressive Matrices Sets A, B, C, D and E
  • Study Habits Inventory
  • Home Learning Facility Inventory
  • Validity and Reliability
  • Achievement Motivation Scale
  • Socio-economic Status Scale
  • Income: Classification and weightage
  • 2. Computation of socio-economic status of the families of students
  • Experiments Conducted
  • 8. Weightage given to Items in the Socio-economic status scale
  • The Details of the Procedure
  • Statistical Methods Adooted
  • References
  • V. ANALYSIS OF DATA AND RESULTS
  • Overview of the Analyses Done
  • 1.Distribution of Achievement Scores in Biolow of LD and ND Students of Grade IX
  • 9. Statistical Constants of Pretest Scores of LD and ND Students
  • 10. Statistical Constants of Posttest Scores of LD and ND Students
  • 2. Dependability of Sample Statistics
  • 11. Confidence Interval and Variability of Population Mean of the Pretest Scores in Achievement in Biology Grade IX of Experimental Groups of LD Students and Control groups of LD and ND students
  • 12. Confidence Interval and Variability of Population Mean of the Posttest scores in Achievement in Biology of Grade IX of Experimental Groups of LD Students and Control Groups of LD and ND Students
  • 3. Gain in Performance in Biology by LD and ND students
  • 13. Statistical Constants of Gain Scores of LD and ND Students
  • 4. Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Strategies and Modern Instructional Strategy on the Achievement of Learning Disabled Students
  • 14. Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Strategies (PLM&SLM) and Modern Instructional Strategy (GII) Using Paired t Test for Pretest and Posttest Scores in Biology of LD students
  • 5. Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Strategies and Modern Instructional Strategy on the Achievement of Non Disabled (ND) Students
  • 6. Comparison of the Gain Scores of LD Students in Experimental Groups (PLM. SLM, GIlI and Control Group (LDM)
  • 15. Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Strategies (PLM & SLM) and Modern Instructional Strategy (GII) Using Paired t Test for Pretest and Posttest Scores in Biology of ND students
  • 7. Comparison of the Gain Scores of ND Students in Exoerimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Grouo (LDM)
  • 16. Data and Results of Test of Significance of the Difference Between the Mean Gain Scores of LD Students in Experimental and Control Groups
  • 8. Genuineness of the Difference in Performance of Students Studied Under Different Strategies
  • 17. Data and Results of Test of Significance of the Difference Between the Mean Gain Scores of ND Students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Group (LDM
  • 9. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Instructional Strateeies on the Achievement of LD Students Usine ANCOVA
  • 18. Summary of Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scoresof LAD Students in Experimental and Control Groups
  • 19. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pretest and Posttest Scores in Biology of LD Students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Group (LDM)
  • 20. Data for Adjusted Means of Posttest Scores in Biology of LD Students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Group (LDM) and Results of Test of Significance
  • 21. Comparison of Difference Among the Adjusted Means of Posttest Scores in Biology of LD Students in the Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Results of Test of Significance
  • 10. Camparison of the Effectiveness of Instructional Strategies on the Achievement of ND Students using ANCOVA
  • 22. Summary of Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of Pupils in Experimental and Control groups of ND Students
  • 23 Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pretest and Posttest scores in Biology of ND students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Group (LDM)
  • 24. Data for Adjusted Means of Posttest Scores in Biology of ND Students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Group (LDM) and Results of Test of Significance
  • 25. Comparison of Difference Among the Adjusted Means of Posttest Scores in Biology of NT) Students in the Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Results of Test of Significance
  • 11. Achievements of the Learning Disabled and Non-disabled Students Taught using Self-Instructional Materials and Modern Instructional Strategy
  • 26. Data and Results of Tests of Significance for Difference in the Adjusted Posttest Means of LD and ND Students
  • 27. Data and Progress Made by LD Students and ND Students Studied Biology under Self-Instructional Strategies, Modern Instructional Strategy and Traditional Method
  • 12. Instructional Strategies and Category-wise Obiectives
  • 28. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of LD students under the Objective: Knowledge of the Achievement Test in Biology
  • 29. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pretest and Posttest scores in Biology of LD students in Experimental groups (PLM, SLM, GIl) and Control group (LDM) Under the Objective: Knowledge
  • 30. Calculation of Adjusted means for the Pretest and Posttest Scores of LD Students in the Experimental and Control groups for the Objective: Knowledge
  • 31. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of ND students in the Objective: Knowledge of the Achievement Test in Biology
  • 32. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pretest and Posttest scores of ND students in Experimental (PLM, SLM, G11) and Control (LDM) Groups Under the Objective: Knowledge in Biology
  • 33. Calculation of Adjusted Means for the Pretest and Posttest Scores of ND Students in the Experimental and Control Groups for the Objective: Knowledge
  • 34. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of LD students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GIl) and Control Group (LDM) Under the Objective: Understanding
  • 35. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pretest and Posttest Scores in Biology of LD students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control Group (LDM) under the Objective: Understanding
  • 36. Data for Adjusted Means of Posttest scores in Biology of LD students in the Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, Gil) and Control Groups for the Objective: Understanding
  • 37. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of ND students in Experimental and Control Groups under the Objective: Understanding of the Achievement Test in Biology.
  • 38. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pre and Posttest scores of ND Students in Experimental (PLM, SLM, GIl) and Control (LDM) Groups Under the Objective, Understanding in Biology.
  • 39. Calculation of Adjusted Means for Posttest Scores in Biology of ND students in the Experimental and Control Groups under the Objective: Understanding
  • 40. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of LD students under the Objective Application of the Achievement Test in Biology
  • 41. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the pretest and posttest scores in Biology of LD students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GIl) and Control Group (LDM) under the Objective: Application
  • 42. Calculation of Adjusted means of Posttest Scores in Biology of LD Students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, Gll) and Control group Under the Objective:, Application
  • 43. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of ND students in Experimental and Control Groups under the objective: Application in the Achievement Test in Biology
  • 44. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the pretest and posttest scores in Biology of ND students in the Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GIl) and Control Group (LDM) under the Objective: Application
  • 45. Calculation of Adjusted means of Posttest Scores in Biology of ND Students in Experimental and Control groups for the Objective: Application
  • 46. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of LD students in Biology in the Experimental and Control Groups under the Objective: Skill
  • 47. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pre and Posttest Scores in Biology of LD students in the Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control group (LDM) under the Objective: Skill
  • 48. Calculation of Adjusted means of Posttest Scores in Biology of LD Students in the Experimental and Control groups for the Objective: Skill
  • 49. Analysis of Variance of the Pretest and Posttest Scores of ND Students in Experimental and Control Group in the Objective: Skill in the Achievement Test in Biology
  • 50. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Pretest and Posttest Scores of ND Students in Biology in the Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GII) and Control group (LDM) under the Objective: Skill
  • 51. Calculation of Adjusted means of Posttest Scores in Biology of ND Students in Experimental Groups (PLM, SLM, GIl) and Control group (LDM) under the Objective: Skill
  • 13. Comparison of the Category-wise Performance in Biology in the experimental and Control Groups of LD and ND Students (Consolidated)
  • 52. Consolidated Results of analysis of Covariance for Pretest and Posttest scores of Pupils in the Experimental and control Groups under the Objectives- Knowledge Understanding Application and Skill
  • 14. Instructional Strategies and Extraneous Variables
  • 53. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Experimental Group (PLM) of LD Students with AM, HLF, SES& SH
  • 54. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Experimental Group (PLM) of ND Students with AM, HL F, SES& SH
  • 55. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Experimental Group (SLM) of LD Students with AM, HLF, SES& SH
  • 56. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Experimental Group (SLM) of ND Students with AM, HLF, SES& SH
  • 57. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Experimental Group (GII) of LD Students with AM, HLF, SES& SH
  • 58. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Experimental Group (GII) of ND Students with AM, HLF, SES& SH
  • 59. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Control Group (LDM) of LD Students with AM, HLF, SES& SH
  • 60. Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship Between Gain in Achievement of the Control Group (LDM) of ND Students with AM, HLF, SES&SH
  • 61. Consolidated Results of the Relationship of the Gain in Achievement of the LD and ND Students with the Extraneous Variables Under PLM, SLM, GII and LDM
  • Tenability of Hypotheses
  • DISCUSSION of the Results
  • References
  • 4. Schematic diagram of the effectiveness of Self-instructional materials and Modem instructional strategy
  • VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • Need For the Study
  • The problem of the study
  • Objectives
  • Research Design
  • Experimental Design
  • Sample Selected for the Experiment
  • Experiments Conducted
  • Analysis of Data
  • Major Conclusions of the Study
  • Implications of the Study
  • Suggestions for Further Research
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • APPENDICES
  • A. Programmed Learning Materials
  • B. Suprevised Learning Module
  • C. Guided Inductive Inquiry Model
  • D. List of Experts
  • E. Evaluation Schedule for Programmed Learning Material
  • F. Evaluation Schedule for Supervised Learning Module
  • G. Schedule for Guided Inductive Inquiry Lessons
  • H. Schedule for Guided Inductive Inquiry Lessons
  • I. Answer Sheet
  • J. Difficulty Index and Discriminating Power
  • K. Achievement Test in Biology (Final)
  • L. Answer Sheet
  • M. Scoring Key
  • N. Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability (Draft)
  • O. Answer Sheet
  • P. Discriminating Power and Difficulty Index
  • Q. Diagnostic Test of Learning Disabled (Final)
  • R. Answer Sheet
  • S. Scoring Key
  • T. Pupil Behaviour Rating Scale
  • U. Pupil Behaviour Rating Scale
  • V. Learning Problem Checklist (Draft)
  • W. Learning Problem Checklist (Final)
  • X. Study Habit Inventory
  • Y. Home Learning Facility Inventory
  • Z. Achievement Motivation
  • A1. Socio-Economic Status Scale