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  • Title
  • Thesis Certificate
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • Table of Contents
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF CHARTS
  • I. Introduction
  • A. The Arrival of a New Medium
  • 1. Development of TV in the West
  • 2. Expansion of TV network in India
  • 1. The Penetration of DTH and cable TV in Western Europe
  • 3. Satellite channels in Malayalam
  • B. The Growing Concern About TV
  • 1. The debate in the West
  • 2. Growing anxiety about TV in India
  • 3. Impact of TV on Culture
  • C. Perception and Reality
  • D. Hypothesis of the Study
  • E. Objectives of the Study
  • F. Scope of the Study
  • G. Limitations of the Study
  • II. The Research Design
  • A. The Universe of the Study
  • B. The Sample of the Study
  • C. The Units of the Study
  • D. The Mode of Data Collection
  • E. The Tools of the Study
  • III. Media Effect Studies in the West and in India: An Overview
  • A. Media Effect Studies in the West
  • 1. The first phase: the theory of all powerful media
  • 2. The second phase: the theory of weak media
  • 3. The third phase: TV - A powerful medium
  • 4. The fourth phase: negotiated media influence
  • B. Media Effect Studies in India
  • 1. Impact of media on society
  • 2. Impact of TV: studies in India
  • IV. Theoretical Perspectives on Media Effect
  • A. Mass Communication Theory
  • 1. Encoding and decoding
  • 2. Audience - producers of meaning
  • B. Cognitive Structure and Piagets Theory of the Origin of Intelligence in the Child
  • 1. Cognitive structure
  • 2. Assimilation - accommodation
  • C. The Social Matrix of Cognitive Structure
  • 1. Social structure
  • 2. Process of socialisation
  • D. Conclusion
  • V. Analysis and Interpretations
  • 1. TV Viewing Habits and Programme Preferences of Children
  • A. TV Viewing Habits
  • 1. Childrens viewing time on working days and holidays
  • 2. TV viewing on working days
  • 3. TV viewing on holidays
  • 4. Boys and girls watching TV on working days
  • 5. Boys and girls watching TV on holidays
  • 6. Juniors and seniors watching TV on working days
  • 7. Juniors and seniors watching TV on holidays
  • 2. Comparison of time spent for TV and study on working days
  • 3. Comparison of time spent for TV and study on holidays
  • 8. Study time on weekdays on the basis of family score
  • 9. Study time on holidays on the basis of family score
  • 10. Time spent for study by boys and girls on working days
  • 11. Time spent for study by boys and girls on holidays
  • 12. Study time of children on the basis of the education of their parents
  • B. Programme Preferences of Children
  • 13. Liking of children for various programmes
  • 2. TV and the Sociality of Children
  • A. TV and Social Orientation
  • 14. Childrens reaction to the visit of close relatives
  • 15. Childrens willingness to visit friends forgoing cinema on TV
  • 16. Childrens social commitment
  • B. TV and Consumerism
  • 4. Childrens liking for Pepsi Cola and Frootie
  • 5. Childrens demand for noodles
  • 6. Brand fidelity to advertised toilet soaps
  • 17. Childrens demand for cosmetic items
  • 7. Childrens imitation of TV Characters
  • 8. Children regularly using chewing gum
  • 9. TVs influence on childrens habit of chewing mediated by family environment
  • C. Traditionalism Vs Modernism
  • D. Music and Dance
  • 18. Childrens preference for various types of dress
  • 10. Childrens liking for Western Pop music
  • 11. Childrens liking for various dance forms
  • 19. Relative liking of boys and girls for various types of music
  • 20. Relative liking of boys and girls for various dance forms
  • 12. Music: preference of various classes
  • 13. Dance: Preference of various classes
  • E. TV and Independent Thinking
  • 21. Selection of Personal goods
  • 22. Choice of Future Career
  • F. Sex Mores
  • 23. Selection of Personal goods by juniors and seniors
  • 24. Choice of future career by juniors and seniors
  • 14. Whether boys and girls should have more opportunity to mingle freely
  • 25. Attitude of boys and girls towards girls having more freedom
  • 26. Childrens attitude towards wives walking side by side or behind husbands
  • 27. Childrens attitude towards wives eating together with husbands
  • 15. Whether brother and sister should be given equal treatment
  • 16 Equal treatment to brother and sister approaches by various religious groups
  • 3. TV and the Moral Sensibility of Children
  • 17. Equal treatment to brother and sister: approaches by various classes
  • A. Childrens Sensitivity to Others Needs
  • 18 Whether children are willing to make sacrifice for helping their grandparents
  • 28. Childrens willingness to help mothers
  • 29. Willingness to help grandparents: approaches by various religious groups
  • 30. Willingness to help mothers: approaches by various religious groups
  • B. Children and Human Relationships
  • 19. Children who forgo a TV programme to help their grandparents: approaches by various classes
  • 20. Children who forego a TV programme to help their mothers: approaches by various classes
  • 21. Comparison of children valuing things and children valuing friendship
  • 31. Children valuing things or friendship: influence of parents education
  • C. Dishonesty - the Right Policy?
  • 32. Whether copying in examination is right or wrong
  • 33. Copying in examination: attitudes of boys and girls
  • D. Children and Aggression
  • 22. Copying in examination: attitude of children belonging to various classes
  • 34. Childrens aggressiveness on the basis of family score
  • 35. Aggressiveness of boys and girls
  • 36. Whether aggression is justified or not
  • 23. Whether watching aggression on TV would make children insensitive to pain
  • 24. Sensitivity to pain: comparison of boys and girls
  • E. Sexual Morality
  • 25. Whether children would watch a sexy programme or not
  • 26. Interest in sexy programmes: attitude of rural and urban children
  • 27. Interest in sexy programmes: attitude of various religious groups
  • 37. Childrens attitude towards sex
  • F. TV and Religious Observances
  • 38. Attitude towards sex of children belonging to various classes
  • 28. Whether children will ask for the prohibited food item or not
  • 29. Asking for the prohibited food item: attitude of boys and girls
  • 4. TV and the Cognitive Development of Children
  • 30. Asking for the prohibited food item: attitude of various classes
  • A. TV and the Academic Performance of Children
  • 39. Childrens performance in examinations on the basis of family score
  • 40. Childrens performance in examinations on the basis of education of parents
  • 41. Childrens performance in examinations on the basis of income of parents
  • 31. Performance in examinations of boys and girls
  • B. TV and Reading Habit
  • 42. Time taken by children for extra reading
  • C. What Do Children Learn from TV?
  • 32. Childrens knowledge of various disciplines
  • 43. Childrens knowledge of various disciplines; impact of family environment
  • 44. Childrens knowledge of various disciplines; the factor of age
  • D. Childrens Perception of Reality
  • 45. Whether children accept ad message on TV about a washing soap
  • 46. Whether children accept ad message on TV about a drug
  • E. Childrens Perception of Violence
  • 33. Childrens estimation of violence in the world: impact of family environment
  • 34. Childrens estimation of violence in the word: Impact of parents education
  • 35. Childrens estimation of violence in the world: Impact of family income
  • 5. TV and the Emotional Life of Children
  • A. Fear
  • 47. Whether children are frightened by violent scenes on TV
  • 48. Whether children have fear of an aggressor around them
  • B. Anxiety
  • 49. Childrens anxiety borne out of mean -world -syndrome on the basis of family score
  • C. Love for TV Characters
  • 36. Childrens love for TV characters on the basis of family score
  • 37. Childrens lack of love for TV characters on the basis of family score
  • VI. Conclusions and Suggestions
  • A. TV and the Sociality of Children
  • B. TV and the Moral Sensibility of Children
  • C. TV and the Cognitive Development of Children
  • D. TV and the Emotional Life of Children
  • E. Media Education or Value Education?
  • F. Cultural Identity
  • G. Suggestions
  • H. Suggestions for Further Research
  • BIBILIOGRAPHY
  • APPENDICES