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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF FIGURES., PLATES & APPENDICES
  • Plates
  • APPENDIX
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Literature Review
  • The Tragedy of the Commons
  • Impact of Silent Spring:
  • Methodology
  • Relevance of the Study
  • Scope of the Study
  • Post - Rio Environmentalism
  • Environmental Issues of Kerala
  • Agencies and Environmental Communication in Kerala.
  • The Need for Restoration of the Traditional Attitudes to Nature
  • Biophysical and Socio-Cultural Holism
  • The Problem of Resource Illiteracy
  • Negative influence of power lobbies and Government policies
  • The Relevance of Environmental Education
  • References
  • I. ANTECEDENTS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • Phases of development of environmentalism
  • Spaceship Earth
  • 1970s: New Dimension - Education for Environment
  • National Environmental Policy Act and Environmental Impact Assessment
  • Earth Day of 1970: The foundation of modern environmentalism
  • Nature in the Philosophical Tradition of India
  • The Gaia Hypothesis
  • Deep Ecology Vs Shallow Ecology
  • Environmental Organizations of the 1970s
  • Peoples Green Movement in Kerala
  • Limits to Growth - 1972
  • Fig. I Limits to Growth Predictions
  • Cornucopia and global change
  • Fig. 2 Categories of mineral resources and other natural resources
  • Global change perspective
  • Stockholm Conference of 1972
  • Impact of Stockholm Conference
  • Post -Stockholm Waves
  • The World Environment Day
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP -1973)
  • Earth Watch and Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS)
  • Multilateral environmental agreements
  • The Cocoyoc Declaration
  • Energy Crisis of 1973-1974
  • The UNESCO-UNEP International Environmental Education Programme (IEEP) 1975.
  • The World Conservation Strategy - 1980
  • World Commission On Environment And Development (WCED) - 1987
  • Awareness through accidents and disasters
  • The Rio- Earth Summit - 2002
  • Monitoring and Analysis of the Environment
  • International Conventions Aimed at Solving Global Environmental Problems
  • The Convention on the Law of the Sea - 1994 (UNCLOS)
  • The Desertification Convention - 1994
  • The Biodiversity Convention
  • Educating for Biodiversity in India
  • Earth Summit Plus 5: 1997
  • Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21
  • Concern about the global risks posed by hazardous substances like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
  • World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
  • Post-Rio Environmentalism
  • Radical Environmental Groups.- Green Radicalism
  • Strengthening of the concept of holism
  • Culture of Consumerism and Sustainable Development Ethics.
  • Environmental Education for Sustainable Development
  • Environmental Justice
  • New Consciousness: Green Romanticism.
  • Eco-theology
  • New Politics: Green Rationalism
  • Political and Ecological Communication
  • The Communicative Rationality of Ecological Democracy
  • Green Democracy: Political Alternative
  • References
  • II. ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION THE CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND
  • Towards the Rationality of Ecological Communication
  • Communication as a Social Operation
  • Conceptualizing Environmental Communication
  • The Concept of World Society
  • The Concept of Resonance
  • The Concept of System Differentiation
  • Anxiety, Morality and Theory
  • Restriction and Amplification
  • Codes, Criteria, Programmes
  • The Natural Environment
  • The Concept of Socio-cultural and Economic Environment
  • Interactions between the Natural and Cultural
  • Homeostasis and Resilience
  • Environmental Crisis
  • Global Nature of Problems
  • Environment: a political issue
  • Perspectives of Ecological Social Education
  • The 3A + SP Principle
  • Curriculum for Environmental Education
  • Limitations of Environmental Education
  • Environmental Education for the Common People
  • Environmental Education through Laws
  • Environmental Ethics and Morality
  • Environmental Justice and Development
  • The call for De industrializing the society
  • Linkage between Biological and Cultural Diversity
  • Indigenous Culture
  • Eco - feminism
  • Environmental Action
  • Environmental Revolution
  • References
  • III. COMMUNICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF KERALA
  • Communicative Rationality about Environmental Problems of Kerala
  • Reports of the Kerala State Legislative Assembly Committee on Environment
  • 1) Report on the three fresh water lakes of Kerala
  • 2) Report on Mining by a Public Sector Industry.
  • 3) Report on Deforestation in Different Parts of Kerala
  • 4) Report on Destruction of Forests in Nelliampathi
  • Fig. 3 Distribution of Forests in Kerala
  • 5) Report on Deforestation in Kavilumpara and Maruthomkara Panchayat
  • 6) Report on Environmental Pollution at Sabarimala and nearby places during Pilgrimage Season.
  • 7) Report on the Rudravanam Project (1993-1995)
  • 8) Report on the Crematorium in Municipal Corporations
  • 9) Reports on Drinking Water Issues
  • 10) Report on the Stone Crusher Units in Kerala
  • 11) Report on Oil Pollution by Refineries
  • 12) Report on Epidemics in Kerala
  • 13) Report on Biomedical Waste Management
  • 14) Report on Coastal Erosion
  • Fig. 4 Erosional and Accretional Trends of Kerala Coast
  • 15) Report on Problems of Plastic Waste
  • 16) Report on Pollution Problems of Alleppey- Kuttanadu Region
  • Colonization of Inland Waters by Floating Water Weeds.
  • 1 African Algae covered waters of Kodoor River
  • 17) Report on Waste Management Problems in the Cities and Towns
  • Communication for Waste Management
  • Growing Awareness on Organic Treatment of Waste through Vermicomposting
  • Solid Waste Management
  • 18) Water and Air Pollution
  • Air Quality Analysis of Cities
  • Fig. 5 Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter levels in 29 cities
  • Pesticide Pollution
  • Aerial Spraying of Endosulfan Pesticide
  • Noise Pollution
  • Environmental Problems of Tourism in Kerala
  • Increasing Incidence of Natural Disasters
  • Inadequate Natural Disaster Management
  • Mineral Water Poisoning
  • Communication on the Quality of Mineral Water through the Reports of Legislative Environment Committee
  • The Contamination of Soft Drinks: The Cococola- Plachimada issue
  • Death of the rivers of Kerala
  • Fig. 6 How to kill a river
  • Sand mining in the rivers of Kerala
  • Decreasing Rainfall Pattern and Increasing Drought
  • Groundwater Quality Problems of Kerala
  • Fig. 7 Annual Rainfall indifferent States of India
  • Fig. 8 Surface runoff and groundwater availability in different States of India
  • Problems related to ground water extraction structures
  • Communication for Water Management
  • Vanishing Mangrove Forests
  • Reclamation-Paddy fields turning into Townships
  • Fig. 9 Distribution of mangrove species in Kerala
  • 2 & 3 Mangrove Forests
  • 4 A vanishing scene of rice bowls of Kerala
  • Multicoloured Rain
  • Landslides in Kerala as a subject for communication
  • Mining and Environment
  • Environmental concerns about Black Sand Mining and Deep Sea Mining
  • Sinking of wells and diminishing water level
  • Biopiracy by Multinational Agribusiness Companies
  • Drought and Rainwater Harvesting
  • Environmental Impacts of Dams
  • Dams and the Human Consequences
  • Ecological Impacts of Monoculture
  • Saving biodiversity against homogeneity and uniformity of monoculture
  • Problems related to the disappearance of small animals.
  • Fast-disappearing sacred groves in Kerala.
  • Species invasion - an emerging environmental problem of the current century.
  • Hotspots of Corporate Excesses in Kerala
  • Increasing Environmental Refugees in Kerala
  • References
  • IV. DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION IN KERALA THROUGH NON GOVERNMENTAL / VOLUNTARY AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
  • Diversity of environmental movements
  • Creating environmental awareness among students and public
  • Communication through Nature Education Camps for children
  • Creating scientific attitude and scientific temper
  • Communication through mass environmental education programmes on nature and science
  • National Environmental Awareness Campaign as a Mass Education Programme
  • Fig. 10 Number of Voluntary Agencies participated in the National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAP)
  • Fig. 11 Fund Allowed for NEAP 1993-2003
  • Communication through the promotion of appropriate technology for sustainabledevelopment
  • Communicative training programmes on eco-development strategies
  • Multimedia graphics and audiovisuals as media for ecological communication
  • Communication through traditional methods - workshops, seminars, discussion etc
  • Dissemination of Environmental knowledge through research and technology development
  • Fig. 12 Programmes conducted for Eco-fraternity
  • Fig. 13 Seminars, Workshops and Nature Study Camps -graphical Presentation
  • Rural development projects for environmental communication
  • Communication through dealing with socio-economic problems
  • Empowering women for gender equality and to ensure human rights and child rights
  • Communication through focussing specific environmental issues of women.
  • Biodiversity Survey through peoples participation in environmentalcommunication
  • Value-added products as a medium for environmental communication
  • Environmental awareness and pollution control through peoples participation
  • Panchayat Level Resource Mapping through Peoples Participation. A LandLiteracy Programme.
  • Programmes for attitudinal change in children
  • Environmental Orientation to School Education through C.P.Ramaswamy Aiyar Environmental Education Centre, Chennai.
  • Communication through Exposure Visits
  • Communication for creating public interest in natural history
  • NGOs focusing on specific target groups and programmes
  • Protest groups against deforestation as a medium for communication
  • Communication in action through afforestation programmes
  • Coastal development programmes and environmental communication
  • Extension work and campaign for environmental communication
  • Citizens action groups for environmental communication
  • Wild Life Protection Endeavours for Ecological Communication
  • Communication for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
  • Communication through promoting renewable energy programmes
  • Land Use Board and Earth Sciences to protect agricultural land against depletion
  • Inter relations and net work communication
  • Ecological Agriculture Development Alternatives and Research (CEDAR)
  • Organizations dealing with multidimensional problems and integrated educational approach
  • Communication through environmental movements and social conflicts
  • Organizations involved in tribal development and welfare
  • Prathishtanam Fellowship for Ecospirituality
  • Involvement of artistes and poets in environmental communication.
  • Environmental knowledge through magazines and journals
  • Communication through the Culture and Traditions of Kerala.
  • The Village Ecodevelopment Component (VEC)
  • Methods for Environmental Communication
  • Modern vs Traditional Methods
  • Civil Society Approach
  • Protest Movements as a Means of Communication
  • Different Approaches to the Environment in Kerala
  • Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) bringing science and literacy to people
  • Social Strategies devoid of applied technological innovation and diffusion.
  • Radical resistance to unsound projects Vs uncritical acceptance of Unsound Units
  • Lessons from Silent Valley
  • References
  • ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
  • Fig. 14 Environmental Concern among five different groups: A random sample study
  • Fig. 15 Number of Voluntary Agencies participated in the National Environment Awareness Campaign 1993 - 2003 and the percentage of impart
  • Fig. 16 Rise of Environmental Pollution and Awareness Levels during the period 89-2004 in Kerala (Eco-fraternity)
  • Fig. 17 Rough Estimate of the total % of people communicated through the various methods / means / programmes in Kerala
  • A Drinking quality problems of Kerala
  • B. Environmental NGOs / GOs in Kerala
  • C. National Environment Awareness Campaign - Themes and Voluntary Agencies involved
  • D Eco Fraternity -Details of Environmental Education Programmes
  • E CPREEC - Scheme- of Environmental Orientation to School Education
  • F Environmental Education Programmes
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY