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  • TITLE
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF APPENDICES
  • LIST OF CHARTS & FIGURES
  • FIGURES
  • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY
  • I INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Introduction.
  • 1.2 Importance of tourism.
  • 1.3 Tourism- a panacea for economic development.
  • 1.4 Social and cultural advantages of tourism.
  • 1.5 Tourism as an industry.
  • 1.6 The need for research on Management of tourism Industries in Kerala.
  • 1.7 Objectives of the study.
  • 1.8 Hypothesis.
  • 1.9 Methodology.
  • 1.10 Scope and limitations of the study.
  • 1.11 Scheme of the study.
  • II LITERATURE REVIEW
  • 2.1 Research studies on tourism.
  • 2.2 References from books and periodicals.
  • III RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEE ON TOURISM
  • 3.1 Sir John Sargeant committee, 1945.
  • 3.2 L.K.Jha Committee recommendations. 1963.
  • 3.3 Report on cultural tourism, 1968.
  • 3.4 Estimates committee of the Parliament. 1969.
  • 3.5 Report of Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) 1970.
  • 3.6 UNDP Study on tourist organisation, 1970.
  • 3.7 Tourism policy of 1982.
  • 3.8 National committee on tourism, 1986.
  • 3.9 National Action Plan 1992
  • 3.10 National Tourism Policy, 1997.
  • 3.11 UN study on Kovalam, 1973.
  • 3.12 Study by the Asian Institute of Development and Entrepreneurship, Cochin, 1988.
  • 3.1 Mode of transport used for visiting Kerala.
  • 3.13 Report of the ICSSR Research project titled Tourism and Development - A case study of Kerala, 1990.
  • 3.14 The colloquium on Private- Public partnership in tourism, 1999.
  • 3.15 Report of the Tata Consultancy Services, 2000.
  • 3.16 Tourism Vision, 2025, 2001.
  • 3.17 Report of the working group on tourism, State Planning Board, Thiruvanathapuram, 2001,
  • 3.18 Tourism Planning.
  • 3.19 Tourism Policy.
  • 3.20 Glittering tourism wealth of Kerala
  • 3.21 Development paradoxes of the state.
  • 3.22 Tourism allocation under Five Year Plan.
  • 3.2 Allocation for tourism in India under various five year plank.
  • 3.3 Tourism under Five Year Plans in Kerala.
  • 3.23 Disparity between total plan outlay and fund allocation for tourism.
  • 3.24 Plan and Non-Plan allocation in the tourism sector of Kerala.
  • 3.4 Plan and Non- plan expenditure in the tourism sector of Kerala.
  • 3.25 Higher central allocation to Kerala.
  • 3.26 Description of the plan allocation to various projects and institutions.
  • 3.5 Central financial assistance for tourism.
  • 3.1 Kerala State Plan Allocation to projects and institutions engaged in tourism 1999 - 00.
  • 3.2 Details of Non-Plan Allocation of Kerala during 1999-2000.
  • 3.27 Tenth Five Year Plan and Kerala tourism
  • 3.28 Proposed allocations under each scheme during X- plan.
  • 3.6 Year-vise allocation for tourism during the Xth plan.
  • 3.3 Details proposed allocations under each scheme during Xth Plan period.
  • 3.4 Details of foreign and domestic tourists visited in various districts of Kerala during 1998.
  • 3.29 Total number of foreign tourists who visited Kerala in 1998.
  • 3.30 Comparison with foreign tourist arrivals in India.
  • 3.31 Comparison continues.
  • 3.7 Foreign tourist arrivals to India and Kerala from 1990 to 2000.
  • 3.32 Domestic tourist arrivals to Kerala.
  • 3.8 Domestic tourist arrivals to Kerala from 1990 to 2000.
  • 3.33 Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India and Kerala.
  • 3.9 Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India and Kerala.
  • 3.34 Summary of top ten markets generating arrivals to India.
  • 3.10 Summary of top ten markets generating arrivals to India.
  • 3.35 International tourist arrivals, a comparison.
  • 3.11 International tourist arrivals.
  • 3.36 International tourism receipts.
  • 3.12 International tourism receipts.
  • 3.37 Worlds top 15 tourism destinations.
  • 3.13 Worlds top 15 tourism destinations.
  • 3.38 International arrivals and tourism receipts, 1999.
  • 3.14 International arrival and tourism receipts (1999)
  • 3.39 Government expenditure on tourism.
  • 3.1 Government expenditure on tourism and travel during the year 2000.
  • 3.40 Availabililty of accommodation facility in classified hotels in Kerala.
  • 3.15 Details of the availability of accommodation facility in classified hotels in Kerala.
  • IV STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND KERALA TOURISM.
  • 4.1. The strategic management in tourism.
  • 4.2 Strategic management,
  • 4.3 Adopting changes in a business.
  • 4.1 Adopting changes in a business.
  • 4.4 Planning and Action.
  • 4.5 Strategic management - a process.
  • 4.2 Planning and Action.
  • 4.3 Strategic management process.
  • 4.6 Steps in strategic management.
  • 4.1 Steps in strategic Management
  • 4.7 Figure showing strategic management process.
  • 4.4 Strategic management process.
  • 4.8 Strategic Business Unit (SBU)
  • 4.9 Strategic innovation.
  • 4.10 Multi-faceted role of the managers.
  • 4.11 Competitive advantage, Benchmarking and core competence
  • 4.12 Postures in strategic management.
  • 4.13 Strategic management in tourism.
  • 4.14 Strategic management - to find the success or failure.
  • 4.15 Strategic management in Kerala Tourism.
  • 4.16 Organisation structure of the DOT.
  • 4.1 Existing organisation chart of Kerala Tourism Department.
  • 4.17 Organisation structure of the KTDC.
  • 4.2 Organisation chart of KTDC
  • 4.3 Performance of KTDC for the year 1999-2000.
  • 4.19 Assessment of KTDC performance.
  • 4.20 Fundamental objectives and activities of the DOT, Kerala.
  • V MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN KERALA- DATA ANALYSIS.
  • 5.1 Introduction.
  • 5.2 Sample size.
  • 5.3 Questionnaire.
  • 5.1 Category of informants.
  • 5.4 Tabulation of data.
  • 5.5 Analysis and interpretation.
  • 5.6 Tools of Analysis. Response to common questions
  • 5.7 Whether Kerala is a primary or secondary destination.
  • 5.2 Whether Kerala is a Primary or secondary destination.
  • 5.1 Kerala as a tourist destination.
  • 5.8 Most interesting tourism products of Kerala.
  • 5.3 Most interesting tourism products of Kerala.
  • 5.2 Group-wise preference of various tourism products of Kerala.
  • 5.9 Category of tourism to be promoted in Kerala.
  • 5.4 Response regarding category of tourism to be promoted in Kerala.
  • 5.10 Age classification of informants.
  • 5.5 Age-wise classification of informants.
  • 5.3 Age group of informants of various groups.
  • 5.11 Type of tourism which is relevant in Kerala.
  • 5.6 Type of tourism which is relevant in Kerala.
  • 5.12 Medium of publicity for promoting international tourism.
  • 5.13 Reason for poor show in tourism.
  • 5.7 Medium of publicity for promoting international tourism.
  • 5.8 Reason for poor show in tourism.
  • 5.14 Place of accommodation opted by foreign tourists.
  • 5.9 Place of accommodation opted by foreign tourists.
  • 5.10 Place of accommodation preferred by domestic and foreign tourists.
  • 5.15 Opinion regarding tourist hospitality services.
  • 5.11 Opinion regarding tourist hospitality services expressed by Group II, III and IV respondents.
  • 5.12 Analysis of four variables very badly rated by Group II, III and IV informants.
  • 5.4 Demand supply gap on four variables very badly rated by GrouplI, III and IV respondents.
  • 5.16 Opinion regarding tourism promotional services.
  • 5.13 Opinion regarding tourism promotional services expressed by Group II III and IV respondents.
  • 5.14 Analysis of four variables very badly rated by Group 11 111 and IV respondents.
  • 5.17 Opinion regarding price charged for various services. Analysis of the responses from Group I informants
  • 5.15 Opinion regarding price charged for various services expressed by Group III and IV respondents.
  • 5.5 Demand supply gap on four tourism promotional services very poorly rated by Group 11, 111 and IV respondents.
  • 5.16 Analysis of opinion regarding price charged for various services expressed by domestic and foreign tourists
  • 5.6 Demand supply gap concerning price charged for various services expressed by Group III and IV respondents.
  • 5.18 Class of informants.
  • 5.17 Occupation-wise classification of informants.
  • 5.18 Department -wise classification of Group I informants.
  • 5.19 Does tourism Industry requires the co-ordination of related departments?
  • 5.20 Whether master-plan, district-plan and block-plan are necessary for the promotion of tourism.
  • 5.21 The role of local bodies in tourism.
  • 5.22 Performance of DTPCs of Kerala.
  • 5.19 Performance of DTPCs of Kerala.
  • 5.20 Analysis of opinion regarding performance of DTP s of Kerala.
  • 5.23 Problems affecting the tourism industry in Kerala.
  • 5.21 Problems affecting the tourism industry in Kerala.
  • 5.7 Effective-ineffective performance of DTPCs of Kerala expressed by Group I respondents.
  • 5.24 The role of the government in tourism.
  • 5.25 Whether there exists a good number of uncared tourist potential in Kerala.
  • 5.26 Whether particular requirements are: needed in tourism,
  • 5.27 Priority for the mode by which particular facilities can be presented at tourism centres.
  • 5.22 Priority for the mode by which particular facilities can be presented at tourism centres.
  • 5.28 Impact of private participation in tourism sector.
  • 5.23 Impact of private participation in tourism sector.
  • 5.29 A thorough shake-up in tourism plan, policies and programmes.
  • 5.8 Officials agreeing / disagreeing for a thorough shake-up in tourism plan, policies and programmes of the Government.
  • 5.30 Significance of special tourism week celebrations in Kerala.
  • 5.31 Response regarding more Degree / PG level tourism courses.
  • 5.32 Response regarding tax on hotel bills.
  • 5.33 Place where the government shall conduct special tourism fairs.
  • 5.24 Place where the government shall conduct special tourism fairs and festivals.
  • 5.25 Reasons stated for choosing the place of fairs and festivals.
  • 5.34 The need for strategic management in tourism.
  • 5.9 The need for strategic management of tourism industry in Kerala,
  • Analysis of response from Group II informants
  • 5.35 Classification of Group 11 informants.
  • 5.36 Institutions represented by the informants of Group l
  • 5.26 Occupation-wise classification of informants.
  • 5.27 Informants representing various tourism organistions.
  • 5.37 The role of private sector in promoting Kerala tourism.
  • 5.28 Opinion regarding the role of private sector in the promotion of Kerala tourism.
  • 5.38 The role of the government in promoting tourism.
  • 5.29 Opinion regarding the role of the government in promoting tourism in Kerala.
  • 5.39 Priority regarding the mode of providing various facilities at tourism centres.
  • 5.40 The need for more Degree / PG level tourism courses.
  • 5.30 Priority regarding the mode of providing various facilities at tourism centres.
  • 5.41 Income level classification of Group 11 respondents.
  • 5.31 Income -level classification of tourists.
  • 5.42 Views regarding accommodation preferred by the tourists.
  • 5.43 Mode of transport vehicles used by the visiting tourists.
  • 5.32 Views regarding accommodation preferred by the Tourists.
  • 5.33 Mode of transport vehicles used by the visiting tourists.
  • 5.44 Opinion about tourist hospitality services in Kerala.
  • 5.34 Opinion about tourist hospitality services in Kerala.
  • 5.35 Analysis concerning five variables very badly rated by Group II informants.
  • 510 Demand -supply gap in tourist hospitality services on five variables in Kerala.
  • 5.45 Opinion regarding tourism promotional services.
  • 5.36 Opinion regarding tourism promotional service,.
  • 5.37 Analysis of four variables very badly rated by Group II informants.
  • 5.11 Diagram showing demand-supply gap on four variables.
  • 5.46 Number of nights spent in Kerala by the tourist.
  • 5.47 Views regarding tourist information facilities in Kerarla.
  • 5.38 Number of nights spent in Kerala by the tourists.
  • 5.39 Views regarding tourist information facilities in Kerala.
  • 5.48 Behaviour of local people towards tourists in Kera !a
  • 5.40 Behaviour of local people towards tourists in Kerala.
  • 5.49 General complaints made by the tourists visiting KeraIa.
  • 5.41 General complaints made by the tourists visiting Kerala.
  • 5.50 About HRD programme conducted.
  • 5.51 Human relations existing in the organisation.
  • 5.52 About training of the staff in the tourism sector.
  • 5.53 Whether strategic management is essential for the achievement of business objectives.
  • 5.42 Human relations existing in the organisation of informants.
  • 5.54 Whether SWOT analysis is employed as part of strategic management.
  • Analysis of response from Group III and IV respondents
  • 5.55 Occupation-wise classification of responder ifs.
  • 5.56 Income- level of domestic tourists.
  • 5.43 Occupation-wise classification of Group III and IV informants.
  • 5.44 Income-level classification of domestic tourists.
  • 5.57 Income-level of foreign tourists.
  • 5.58 Sex-ratio of international tourists.
  • 5.59 Source of knowledge to visit Kerala.
  • 5.45 Income-level classification of foreign tourists.
  • 5.46 Source of knowledge to visit Kerala.
  • 5.12 Sex-ratio of lnternational Tourists.
  • 5.60 Purpose of visiting Kerala for the tourists.
  • 5.47 Purpose of visiting Kerala for the Group III and IV tourists.
  • 5.61 Accompaniment of others with tourists visiting Kerala.
  • 5.48 Accompaniment of others with tourists visiting Kerala.
  • 5.62 Number of nights spent in Kerala by domestic and Foreign tourists.
  • 5.63 Mode of vehicle used for travel is Kera
  • 5.49 Number of nights spent in Kerala by the Group III and IV tourists.
  • 5.50 Mode of vehicle used for travel in Kerala by the Group III and IV tourists
  • 5.64 Type of rooms occupied by the tourists
  • 5.51 Type of rooms occupied by the tourists.
  • 5.65 Place of residence in Kerala.
  • 5.66 Behaviour of local people towards tourists.
  • 5.52 Place of residence in Kerala.
  • 5.53 Behaviour of local people towards tourists.
  • 5.67 Goods bought while on visit to Kerala.
  • 5.54 Goods bought while on visit to Kerala.
  • 5.68 General complaints about Kerala.
  • 5.69 Response regarding a further visit to Kerala.
  • 5.55 General complaints about Kerala.
  • 5.70 Drawbacks for making a subsequent visit to Kerala,.
  • 5.71 X2 test and acceptance of the hypotheses.
  • 5.56 Draw backs for making a subsequent visit to Kerala,
  • 5.72 Index of tourism.
  • 5.73 Index of domestic tourists.
  • 5.1 Index of Domestic tourists.
  • 513 Satisfaction / Dissatisfaction level on 21 variables responded by domestic tourists.
  • 5.2 Index of Foreign tourists.
  • 5.74 Index of foreign tourists.
  • 5.14 Satisfaction/ Dissatisfaction level on 21 variables responded by foreign tourists.
  • 5.75 Road journey.
  • 5.76 Tourist information through Department of tourism.
  • 5.77 Basic amenities.
  • 5.78 Guides service.
  • 5.79 Monuments, museum and zoo.
  • 5.80 Cleanliness and hygiene.
  • 5.81 Educating taxi/ Auto drivers.
  • 5.82 Hill stations.
  • 5.83 Conducted tours.
  • 5.84 Tax on hotel bill.
  • 5.85 Opinions / suggestions / complaints made by various respondents.
  • VI FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • RESEARCH FINDINGS
  • 6.1 Kerala - a primary tourist destination.
  • 6.2 Importance of domestic and international tourism.
  • 6.3 Age group of visiting tourists.
  • 6.4 Tourism products of Kerala.
  • 6.5 International publicity for Kerala tourism.
  • 6.6 Reasons for slow growth of tourism in Kerala.
  • 6.7 Governments role in tourism.
  • 6.8 Mode of providing facilities at tourist centres.
  • 6.9 Performance of DTPCs in Kerala.
  • 6.10 The role of local bodies in tourism.
  • 6.11 Uncared tourism potential of Kerala.
  • 6.12 Tourism needs a thorough shake up.
  • 6.13 New tourism oriented educational courses.
  • 6.14 Tax on hotel bill.
  • 6.15 Special tourism week celebrations.
  • 6.16 Special tourism fair.
  • 6.17 Type of tourism to be promoted in Kerala.
  • 6.18 Accommodation preferred by tourists in Kerala.
  • 6.19 Price charged for various services in Kerala.
  • 6.20 Mode of transport liked by the tourists.
  • 6.21 Number of nights stayed by the tourists in Kerala
  • 6.22 Behaviour of local people towards tourists in Kerala.
  • 6.23 Complaints / Grievances of tourists,
  • 6.24 Purpose of visit to Kerala.
  • 6.25 Accompaniment of others with tourists visiting Kerala.
  • 6.26 Goods bought by tourists in Kerala.
  • 6.27 Regarding further visits to Kerala.
  • 6.28 Application of strategic management in tourism industry.
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 6.29 Focus Kerala as a primary tourist destination.
  • 6.30 Equal importance to domestic as well as international tourism.
  • 6.31 Tourism to suit the age group of inbound tourists.
  • 6.32 Promote the most interesting tourism products in a bigger way.
  • 6.33 Tourism marketing and communication media.
  • 6.34 Ensure co-ordination of all related agencies.
  • 6.35 Ensure comfortable road journey.
  • 6.36 Quality tourism alone will attract tourists.
  • 6.37 Promote net tourism.
  • 6.38 Tourist hospitality / promotion services.
  • 6.39 Project a better image abroad.
  • 6.40 Redefine the role of the government in tourism.
  • 6.41 Remodel, refurbish DTPCs.
  • 6.42 Involvement of local bodies in tourism.
  • 6.43 Identify the unexploited tourism products of Kerala and ensure balanced tourism development.
  • 6.44 Devise new objectives, plans, policies and strategies.
  • 6.45 Start new Degree / PG and professional courses in tourism.
  • 6.1 District wise arrival of foreign tourists 1999 and 2000
  • 6.46 Reduce taxes imposed in the travel and tourism sector.
  • 6.47 Give more focus on festivals of Kerala.
  • 6.48 Encourage eco-friendly tourism.
  • 6.49 Make available clean and tidy room facility.
  • 6.50 Immediate reddressal of complaints of tourists.
  • 6.51 Popularise conducted tours.
  • 6.52 Attract rich tourists to visit Kerala.
  • 6.53 Local participation in tourism.
  • 6.54 Public awareness.
  • 6.55 Feedback from tourists.
  • 6.56 Non-seasonal tourism.
  • 6.57 Direct international flights.
  • 6.58 Inland waterways.
  • 6.59 Plantation tourism.
  • 6.60 Hill highway.
  • 6.61 Nedumbassery-Kochi waterway.
  • 6.62 Educational tourism and health tourism.
  • 6.63 Tourism exhibition in north India.
  • 6.64 Communal flare-ups and civil disturbances.
  • 6.65 Tourism law.
  • 6.66 No proper maintenance and government funds.
  • 6.67 Government expenditure on tourism.
  • 6.68 Innovations - the only solution to win targets.
  • 6.69 Fisheries tourism prospects.
  • 6.70 Peace and harmony.
  • 6.71 Development of ports.
  • 6.72 Tourism related industries.
  • 6.73 Focus on youth tourism.
  • 6.74 New amusement.
  • 6.75 Tourism - a great economic force.
  • 6.76 Delinking of the hospitality department.
  • 6.77 State hospitality department.
  • 6.78 Restructured organisation structure of the DOT, Kerala.
  • 6.1 Proposed organisation structure Department of Tourism, Kerala,
  • 6.79 Tourism Co-ordination Committee.
  • 6.80 Strategic Mangement Committee.
  • 6.81 Strategic Managers.
  • 6.82 Strategic Manager - Administration and Establishment.
  • 6.83 Strategic manager-Planning and Development.
  • 6.84 Stategic Manager- Eco - Tourism.
  • 6.85 Joint meetings of the top executives.
  • 6.86 Conclusion.
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • I Tourism products of Kerala.
  • II Government Guest Houses in Kerala.
  • III Organisation Chart of Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation, Govt. of India.
  • IV Tourist Information Offices of Kerala Government.
  • V Salient features of Union Budget 2002-03 and 2003-04 with respect to tourism industry.
  • VI Kerala - Facts and figures.
  • VII Specimen questionnaire - Group- 1.
  • VIII Specimen questionnaire - Group-I1.
  • IX Specimen questionnaire- Group - III & IV.
  • X Text of the Draft Tourism Vision 2025.