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Full Screen- TITLE
- CERTIFICATE
- DECLARATION
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
- CONTENTS
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy
- 1) NIDDM without retinopathy
- 2) Background diabetic retinopathy (BDR)
- 3) Pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PPDR)
- 3.2 Collection and Processing of Blood Sample
- 3.2.1 Stability of sample
- 3.2.2 Processing of blood samples
- 3.3 Storage Stability of Reagents
- 3.4 Instrumentation
- 3.5 Calculation of results (Beutler, 1986)
- 3.6 Determination of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD, D-Glucose-6-Phosphate: NADP* 1-Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (6-PGD, 6-Phospho-D-Gluconate: NAD (P) 2-Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1 .43) Activity
- 3.7 Assay of Glutathione Reductase (GR, NADPH: Oxidised Glutathione Oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2)
- 3.8 Assay of Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px, GSH: H2O2 Oxidoreductase, EC 1.11 -1.9)
- 3.9 Assay of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18)
- 3.10 Estimation of Catalase Activity (H2O2: H2O2 Oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6)
- 3.11 Determination of Superoxide Dismutase Activity (SOD, Superoxide: Superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1. 15.1.1)
- 3.12 Determination of Transketolase Activity (TK, Sedoheptulose-7-Phosphate: D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate GlycolaldehydeTransferase, EC 2.2.1.1)
- 3.13 Determination of Transaldolase Activity (TA, Sedoheptulose-7-Phosphate: D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate DihydroxyacetoneTransferase, EC 2.2.1.2)
- 3.14 Estimation of Reduced Glutathione Level (GSH)
- 3.15 Estimation of Haemoglobin
- 3.16 Estimation of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
- 3.17 Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation
- 3.18 Diene Conjugate Measurement
- 3.19 Statistical Methods
- 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Characteristics of the Population Studied
- PLATE 1. Diabetic retinopaty showing (Fluorescein angiography)
- PLATE 2. Diabetic Retinopathy showing
- 4.2 Glycosylated Haemoglobin and Metabolic Control of Diabetic Retinopathy
- 4.3 Lipid Peroxidation and Diabetic Retinopathy
- 4.4 Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Enzymes and Diabetic Retinopathy
- 4.5 Glutathione System and Diabetic Retinopathy
- 4.6 Antioxidant Status in Diabetic Retinopathy
- 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION
- Fig. 5.1 Possible relationship between non-enzymatic glycosylation of protein and diabetic retinopathy
- 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- APPENDIX