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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Birth of Nanoscience
1.3 Synthesis and Processing Methods
1.4 Characterisation Techniques
1.5 Properties of Nanoparticles
1.5.1 Structural Properties
1.5.2 Optical Properties
1.5.3 Magnetic Properties
1.5.4 Thermal Properties
1.5.5 Electrical Properties
1.6 Applications
1.6.1 Electronics
1.6.2 Magnetism
1.6.3 Biology and Medicine
1.7 Nano Aluminates
1.8 Present Work
1.9 References
2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Chemical Co-precipitation Method
2.3 Experimental Characterisation
2.3.1 X-ray Diffraction Studies
2.3.2 Thermal Studies
2.3.3 FTIR Analysis
Fig. 2.2 Schematic diagram of Michelson Interferometer.
2.3.4 AC Conductivity Study
2.3.5 Electrical Conductivity at Microwave Frequencies
2.3.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.4 References
3. SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF NANOPARTICLES OF MgAl204, SrAl2O4 AND NiAl2O4
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
3.2.1 Synthesis of nano particles of MgAl2O4
3.2.2 Synthesis of SrAl2O4, and NiAl2O4
3.3 Preparation of Pellets
3.4 X-ray Diffraction Studies of Nanoparticles
3.4.1 XRD Analysis of MgAl2O4
3.4.2 XRD Analysis of SrAl2O4
3.4.3 XRD Analysis of NiAl2O4
3.5 SEM analysis
3.5.1 SEM Study of MgAl2O4
3.5.2 SEM Study of SrAl2O4
3.5.3 SEM Study of NiAl2O4
3.6 Conclusion
3.7 References
4. ANALYSIS OF FTIR SPECTRA OF NANO PARTICLES OF MgAl2O4, SrAl2O4 AND NiAl2O4
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theory
4.3 Instrumentation
4.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
4.5 Results and Discussions
4.5.1 Nanoparticles of MgAl2O4
4.5.2 Nanoparticles of SrAl2O4
4.5.3 Nanoparticles of NiAl2O4
4.6 Conclusion
4.7 References
5. THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MgAl2O4, SrAl2O4 AND NiAl2O4
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Theory
5.3 Thermo Gravimetric Methods (TG)
5.3.1 Instrumentation
5.4 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
Fig. 5.2 Schematic diagram of a differential thermal analyser
5.4.1 Instrumentation
5.5 TG - DTA Measurements of MgAl2O4
5.6 TG - DTA Measurements of SrAl2O4
5.7 TG DTA Measurements of NiAl2O4
5.8 Conclusion
5.9 References
6. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE SrAl2O4
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimental
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Variation of dielectric constant with frequency
6.3.2 Variation of dielectric loss with frequency
6.3.3 Variation of ac conductivity with frequency
6.3.4 Variation of ac conductivity with temperature
6.3.5 Variation of dielectric constant with temperature
6.4 Conclusion
6.5 References
7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MgAl2O4
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Experimental
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Variation of dielectric constant with frequency
7.3.2 Variation of dielectric loss with frequency
7.3.3 Variation of ac conductivity with frequency
7.3.4 Variation of ac conductivity with temperature
7.4 Conclusion
7.5 References
8. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NiAl2O4
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experimental
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Variation of dielectric constant with frequency
8.3.2 Variation of dielectric loss with frequency
8.3.3 Variation of ac conductivity with frequency
8.3.4 Variation of ac conductivity with temperature
8.4 Conclusion
8.5 References
9. MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cavity Perturbation method
9.3 Design of Cavity Resonators
Fig. 9.1 Electric field distribution inside a rectangular cavity
9.4 Theory
9.4.1 Complex Permittivity
9.4.2 Conductivity
9.5 Measurement Techniques
Fig. 9.2 Schematic diagram of the transmission type cavity resonator
Fig. 9.3 Experimental set up
9.6 Results and Discussion
9.6.1 Variation of dielectric constant with frequency
9.6.2 Variation of conductivity with frequency
9.6.3 Variation of dielectric loss with frequency
9.7 Conclusion
9.8 References