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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Geographical Distribution
2.2 Isolation of root-knot nematodes from different rubber growingsoils and testing the infectivity
2.3 Effects of root - knot nematode on growth, biomass, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in plants
2.4 Seasonal fluctuations
2.5 lnteractions with other microorganisms
2.6 Biochemical changes
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Isolation of Meloidogyne incognita from rubber growing soils, assay of population and testing their infectivity
3.2 Effect of M. incognita infestation on the growth, biomass, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of Pueraria phaseoloides (Rao , 2003)
3.3 Effect of seasonal variation on nematode population and gall formation in P. phaseoloides
3.4 Effect of M.incognita and VAM interaction on the formation of galls
3.5 Effect of M.incognita infestation on the biochemical changes in P. phaseoloides
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
4.1 Isolation of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) from rubber growing soils and testing their infectivity
Fig.1.Number of nematode infested samples of rubber growing soils along with the genera infested.
Fig.2. Absolute frequency and density of parasitic nematodesin rubber growing soils
Fig.3. Relative frequency and relative density of occurrence of parasitic nematode in rubber growing soils
Fig. 4 Density and frequency of occurrence of Meloidogyne spp. in rubber plantations
Plate 1. Indicator Plant (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Fig. 5 Infectivity of Meloidogyne spp. in soil samples
4.2 Effect of inoculation with M.incognita on the growth, biomass, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in P.phaseoloides
Plate 2. Control (Pueraria phaseoloides without Meloidogyne incognita and Bradyrhizobiurn inoculation)
Plate 3.P.phaseoloides inoculated with 4000 level of nematode inoculum
Plate 4. P.phaseoloides inoculated. with Bradyrhizobium alone
Plate 5. P.phaseoloides with simultaneous inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and M.incognita
Plate 6. P.phaseoloides inoculated with Bradyrhizobium followed by M.incognita at 10 days interval
Plate 7.P.phaseoloides inoculated with M.incognita followed by Bradyrhizobium at 10 days interval
Plate 8. Root-knot nematode, M. incognita infestation in P.phaseoloides at 4000 level of inoculum
4.3 Effect of seasonal variation in nematode population and gall formation on Pueraria phaseoloides
Fig 6 Seasonal variation in the population of M. incognitain soil and host infestation
4.4 Interaction of VAM and Meloidogyne incognita on Pueraria phaseoloides
Plate 9. Vesicles of Glomus fasciculatum in P.phaseoloides
Plate 10. Arbuscules of G. fasciculatum in P. phaseoloides
Plate 11. Hyphae of G. fasciculatum
Plate 12. Spores of G. fasciculatum
4.5 Effect of different inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita on the growth and changes in biochemical constituents of Pueraria phaseoloides
Plate 13. Effect of inoculation of M.incognita at 10 level of inoculum on the growth of P.phaseoloides (60 days after inoculation)
Plate 14. Effect of inoculation of M.Incognita at 100 level of inoculurn on the growth of P. phaseoloides (60 days after inoculation)
Plate 15. Effect of inoculation of M. incognita at 1000 level of inoculum on the growth of P.phaseoloides (60 days after inoculation)
Plate 16. Effect of inoculation of M. incognita at10000 level of inoculurn on the growth of, P. phasesloides (60 days after inoculation)
Fig. 7 Phenol content of P. phaseoloides leaves inoculated with M.incognita
Fig.8 Sugar content of P. phaseoloides leaves inoculated with M. incognita
Fig.9 Amino nitrogen content of P. phaseoloides leaves inoculated with M.incognita
Fig. I0 Starch content of P. phaseoloides leaves inoculated with M. incognita
5. DISCUSSION
5.1 Frequency and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in rubber plantations
5.2 Effect of M.incognita on the growth, biomass, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in P.phaseoloides
5.3 Seasonal fluctuations of M.incognita associated withP.phaseoloides
5.4 Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on the effects and reproduction of M. incognita on P. phaseoloides
5.5 Pathogenecity of M. incognita on P. phaseoloides at different inoculum levels
5.6 Changes in biochemical constituents
6. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
ANNEXURE