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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF PLATES
  • OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
  • GLOSSARY
  • 1. DESIGN OF TE STUDY
  • 1.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
  • 1.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
  • 1.1 Remittance from Expatriates in 2001
  • 1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
  • 1.2 Indian Expatriate Millionaire
  • 1.3 Employable Men of Kerala and Their Employment Status
  • 1.4 Growth of Bank Deposits in Kerala (1988 - 1997)
  • 1.5 Remittances transferred by Keralite workers to Kerala, 1980-1998
  • 1.6 SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE STUDY
  • 1.7 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
  • 1.8 METHODOLOGY
  • 1.9 INTERNET SURVEY
  • 1.10 SURVEY- STEPS TAKEN
  • I Inauguration of Gulf Kerala Study
  • 1.11 WEB SITE STRUCTURE
  • 1.12 SCREENING OF RESPONSES
  • I-I Gulf Kerala Web Site System Layout
  • 1.13 PRIZES FOR THE RESPONDENTS
  • 1.6 Screening of Responses
  • 1.14 COLLECTION OF DATA
  • I-II Structure of Sample
  • I-III Structure of Sample- Country wise
  • 1.7 Percentage of Respondents-Kerala Employee-Country wise
  • 1.8 Percentage of Respondents-Kerala Employees-District wise
  • 1.15 DATA ANALYSIS
  • 1.16 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
  • 1.17 PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY
  • NOTES AND REFERENCES
  • 2. HISTORY OF MIGRATION
  • 2.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2 YEAR 6,000,000 tO 50,000 B.C
  • 2.3 YEAR 50,000 tO 10,000 B.C
  • II Prehistoric Migratory Routes
  • 2.4 YEAR 10,000 TO 1,000 B.C
  • III Excavations from Mettipaddi of Iron Age
  • III Indus Valley Civilisation
  • 2.5 YEAR 1000 TO 500 B.C
  • IV Trade Routes in Arabia- About 2000 B.C
  • 2.6 YEAR 500 TO 1 B.C
  • V Route of Alexander the Great
  • VI Spread of Buddhism
  • 2.7 YEAR 1 AD TO 500 AD
  • 2.8 YEAR 500 AD TO 1000 AD
  • VII Islamic Empire in AD700
  • VIII Tomb of Cheraman Perumal at Salalah
  • 2.9 YEAR 1000 AD TO 1500 AD
  • IX Shiva Temple, Prambana
  • X Ananda Temple, Pagan
  • XI Muslim Settlements in Kerala
  • XII Fifth Century Maritime Trade Routes in Asia
  • XIII Mongol Empire-AD 1200
  • 2.10 YEAR 1500 AD TO 1700 AD
  • 2.11 YEAR 1700 AD TO 1800 AD
  • XIV Postage Stamp issued by USA in 1892 in memory of Columbus
  • XV British Settlement in Australia
  • 2.12 YEAR 1800 AD TO 1850 AD
  • 2.13 YEAR 1850 AD TO 1900 AD
  • 2.14 YEAR 1900 AD TO 1950 AD
  • 2.1 Indians in Malaya
  • 2.15 YEAR 1950 AD TO 2003 AD
  • 2.2 Migration to Middle East from India 1975-2000
  • XVI Migrants as Percentage of TotaI Population by Countries, 2000
  • 2.3 ILO Estimate of Migrant Workers by Region
  • II-I Countries with the highest perecentage of international migrant Stock, 2000
  • 2.4 Total Population and Migrants in Gulf Countries
  • 2.5 Indian Community in Different Countries, 1994-95 & 2001
  • 2.6 Keralites Employed in Different Countries, 1999
  • NOTES AND REFERENCES
  • 3. THEORIES OF MIGRATION
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Definition of Migration
  • 3.3 Classification of Migration
  • 3.4 Labour Migration
  • 3.5 Expatriates
  • 3.6 Migrant Worker
  • 3.7 Migration Theories and Studies
  • 3.8 Causes of Migration
  • 3.9 Differential Migration
  • 3.10 Brain Drain
  • 3.11 Effect of Migration on Natives
  • 3.12 Summary
  • NOTES AND REFERENCES
  • 4. THE MIDDLE EAST - AN OVERVIEW
  • 4.1 INTRODUCTION
  • XVII Comprehensive Map of Middle East
  • XVIII An Old map of Middle East and India
  • 4.1 Language skills of Residents of Different Middle East Countries
  • 4.2 GDP & Per Capita Income
  • 4.3 NRIs in Major Arab Countries 2000
  • 4.2 COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST
  • XIX Map of Bahrain
  • 4.4 Cost Indicators for Manama
  • XX Manama, Bahrain
  • XXI Map of Kuwait
  • 4.5 Cost Indicators for Kuwait City
  • 4.6 Occupational Distribution of h Migrants to Kuwait, 1990
  • XXII Map of United Arab Emirates
  • 4.7 Cost Indicator for Abu Dhabi & Dubai
  • XXIII Sheik Zayed Road, Dubai-2004
  • IV-I Percentage wise transactions to Kerala Districts from UAE through UAE Exchange Centre
  • XXIV Geographical Map of Oman
  • XXV Mutrah Fort, Muscat
  • 4.8 Cost Indicators for Muscat
  • XXVI Salalah- A Replica of Kerala
  • XXXII Geographical Map of Qatar
  • 4.9 Cost Indicator for Manama
  • XXVIII Geographical Map of Saudi Arabia
  • 4.10 Growth of Unemployment in Saudi Arabia
  • 4.11 Saudi Arabias Key Economic Indicators
  • XXIX Hajj Mosque, Mecca
  • 4.12 Cost Indicators for Riyadh & Jeddah
  • XXX Geographical Map of Iraq
  • XXXI Baghdad Residential Quarters south of Tigris
  • XXXII Sanaa, Yemen
  • XXXIII Geographical Map of Yemen
  • XXXIV Amman, Jordan- An Arial View
  • XXXV Geographical Map of Jordan
  • XXXVI Map of Iran
  • XXXVII Shiraz, Iran. Tomb of Hafezich
  • XXXVIII Arial View of Beirut
  • XXXIX Parliament Square, Beirut in SOs
  • XL Map of Lebanon
  • XLI Map of Libya
  • XLII Tripoli, Libya
  • XLIII A View of Damascus
  • XLIV Geographical map of Syria
  • NOTES AND REFERENCES
  • 5. ISSUES OF LOCALISATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES AND ITS ANALYSIS
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1 Capita GDP and presence of Expatriates in the National population
  • V-I Labour Force- Expatriates Vs. Nationals in GCC
  • 5.2 Employment Rates in the Middle East
  • 5.2 Population growth of the Arabian Peninsula, 1950-1997
  • 5.3 Nationals and Expatriates in the GCC Workforce, 2003
  • 5.3 Possible Strategies
  • 5.4 Literacy and Employment Status of Women in GCC
  • 5.4 Localisation and Private Sector
  • 5.5 Comparison of Population and Area
  • 5.5 Institutional Labour Policies to assist Localisation
  • 5.6 The Arab Human Development Report, 2002
  • 5.7 The Arab Human Development Report, 2003
  • 5.8 Human Development Report, 2003
  • 5.6 Human Development Index of Middle East Countries
  • 5.9 World Bank Report, 2003
  • 5.10 IMF Report, 2004
  • 5.11 United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers, 1990
  • 5.12 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • 5.13 Survey of Expats Benefits
  • 5.14 Salary Survey, 2003
  • 5.7 Average Monthly Salary in US $ in the Gulf
  • 5.15 Salary Survey in Dubai
  • 5.7 Average Income & Expenses of Families in Dubai, 1998
  • 5.16 lndia and Localisation
  • 5.8 Percentage of NRIs in the Total population of Gulf Countries, 2000
  • 5.9 Estimated number of Indians returned under amnesty and those continuing in the region
  • 5.10 Estimated Remittance received from Expatriates
  • 5.11 Estimated number of Indians migrated and percentage to Middle East region
  • 5.17 Oman
  • 5.12 National and Foreign Manpower growth, Oman 1975-2000
  • 5.13 Distribution of Omani and Expatriate workers by occupation-1993
  • 5.14 Distribution- Expatriate workers by nationality-1998
  • 5.15 Average Education by Occupation & Nationality-1993 (Oman)
  • 5.18 United Arab Emirates
  • V-II Expatriate Nationalities in UAE
  • 5.16 National and Foreign Manpower Growth, UAE 1975-2000
  • 5.17 Educational Level of Candidates registered with Tanmia
  • 5.18 Dubai Population (10 years and above) by Educational Status
  • 5.19 Average annual compensation b Economic Sector in UAE, 1997
  • 5.20 Visas issued by UAE in 2002
  • 5.19 Saudi Arabia
  • V-III Expatriate Nationalities in Sand Arabia
  • 5.21 National and Foreign Manpower Growth, KSA 1975-2000
  • 5.22 Reasons for Hiring Non-Saudis
  • 5.23 Saudi Arabia: Manpower demand and supply projection
  • 5.20 Bahrain
  • 5.24 Bahrains local and expatriate manpower and labour force
  • V-IV Labour Force by Nationality in Census Years
  • 5.21 Kuwait
  • 5.25 Asian working force in Private Sector
  • 5.26 National and Foreign Manpower growth, Kuwait, 1975-2000
  • 5.22 Qatar
  • 5.27 National and Foreign Manpower growth, Qatar, 1975-2000
  • 5.28 Private sector participation in Qatar Economy
  • 5.23 Conclusion
  • NOTES AND REFERENCES
  • 6. ROLE OF VARIOUS AGENCIES IN THE GROWTH OF MIGRATION
  • 6.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 6.1 Percent distribution of labour flow from India by destination, 1991-97
  • 6.2 AGENTS-AUTHORISED AND UNAUTHORISED
  • 6.3 MIGRATION THROUGH FRIENDS AND RELATIVES
  • 6.4 ODEPC
  • 6.5 MINISTRY OF NRKs-KERALA
  • 6.6 NORKA
  • 6.7 AIR TRAVEL
  • 6.2 Details of weekly flights from Middle East to Kerala as of January, 2004
  • VI-I Weekly flights from Kerala to Middle East
  • 6.8 GOVERNMENT OF INDIAs POLICY TOWARDS EMIGRATION
  • 6.9 HIGH LEVEL COMMITTE ON INDIAN DIASPORA
  • 6.10 IDEAL ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN TERMS OF PORTERS THEORY
  • VI-II Porters Diamond
  • 6.11 CONCLUSION
  • NOTES AND REFERENCES
  • 7. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF KERALA WORKERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION - AN ANALYSIS
  • SECTION - 7.1 ANALYSIS OF THE GENERAL BACKGROUND OF KERALA EMPLOYEES IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION
  • 7.1.1.1 Classification of Kerala Employees on the basis of their country of employment in the Middle East region
  • 7.1.1.2 Range - wise classification of the present age of the Respondents
  • 7.1.1.3 Classification of Respondents on the basis of the category of their Present Job
  • 7.1.1.4 Details regarding the Home District of the Respondents
  • 7.1.1.5 Details regarding the Present Country of Employment and the Home Districts of the Respondents
  • VII-I Home Districts of employees from Kerala vis-a-vis Present country of employment
  • 7.1.1.6 Home district - wise, Religion - wise classification of Kerala Employees
  • 7.1.1.7 Gender - wise, marital status - wise classification of Respondents
  • VII-II Home District in Kerala vis-à-vis Religion of Respondents
  • 7.1.1.8 Marital Status vis-a-vis Job Category
  • 7.1.1.9 Educational Qualification visa vis Marital Status of Respondents
  • VII-III Marital Status vis-a-vis Education
  • 7.1.1.10 Home District vis-A-vis Marital Status
  • 7.1.1.11 Marital Status vis-a-vis Religion
  • VII-IV Marital Status vis-a-vis Religion
  • 7.1.1.12 Country of Employment vis-a-vis Marital Status
  • VII-V Marital Status of respondents- Harried vs. Single ratio
  • 7.1.1.13 Range - wise Monthly Income vis-a-vis Marital Status of Respondents
  • VII-VI Marital Status vis-a-vis Salary
  • 7.1.1.14 Details regarding the Educational Qualifications of the respondents at the time of their initial migration
  • 7.1.1.15 Educational qualification- wise, Age- wise classification of respondents at the time of their arrival
  • 7.1.1.16 Occupation - wise, Gender w ise classification of the Respondents
  • 7.1.1.17 Present Country vis-a-vis Gender
  • 7.1.1.18 Educational Qualification vis-a-vis Gender
  • 7.1.1.19 Country vis - a - vis Present Age
  • VII-VII Gender vis-a-vis Education
  • 7.1.1.20 Country vis-a-vis Present Age- Ratio between UAE and Other GCC Countries
  • 7.1.1.21 District vis-a-vis Religion
  • 7.1.1.22 Computation of Correlations Life Satisfaction with Independent Factors
  • 7.1.2.1 Occupation in India, Prior to Migration Vs Year of Migration
  • VII-VIII Occupation in India vis-a-vis Vein of Migration
  • 7.1.2.2 Employment sector in India vs Year of Migration
  • VII-IX Representation of Migration from Different Employment Sectors.
  • 7.1.2.3 Occupation in India vs. Age at Migration
  • VII-X Occupation in India Percentage; vs. Age at Migration
  • 7.1.2.5 Last Monthly Salary in India v,. Year of migration
  • VII-XI Last Salary of Respondents who migrated in 1996 to 2000
  • 7.1.2.4 Last Salary of Respondent vs. Occupation in India
  • VII-XII Unemployed Migrants vis-à-vis tear of Migration
  • 7.1.2.7 Mode of leaving previous job in India vs. Year of migration
  • 7.1.2.8 Occupation in India vs. Mode of leaving previous job
  • 7.1.3.1 Year of migration vs. Country
  • VII-XIII Year of Migration vs. Country e f Migration
  • 7.1.3.2 Age at the Time of Migration V Educational Qualification.
  • VII-XIV Age at Migration vs. Qualification
  • 7.1.3.3 Channel of Obtaining the First Job
  • VII-XV Home District vs. Source of Employment.
  • VII-XVI Place of Interview vs. Year of Migration
  • VII-XVII Place of Interview vs. Year of Migration
  • 7.1.3.4 Home District vs. Place of Interview
  • 7.1.3.5 Home District vs. Place of Interview (%-ge wise)
  • 7.1.3.6 Reason for migration vs. Home District
  • VII-XVIIa Reason for Migration
  • 7.1.3.7 Reason for Migrating vs. Religion of Migrant
  • VII-XVIII Purpose of Migration vs. Religion
  • 7.1.3.8 Rank given for lack of employment vs. Home District
  • 7.1.3.9 Rank given for lack of employment vs. Religion
  • 7.1.3.10 Rank given for lack of employment vs. Year of Migration
  • VII-XIX Unemployment as the reason for migration vs. Year of migration
  • 7.1.3.11 Reason for migrating due to Politics vs. Home District
  • VII-XX Respondents with Politics as prime reason of migration vs. Home district
  • 7.1.3.12 Migration Reason as to maintain family vs. Last Indian Income
  • VII-XXI Migrated to Support Family Vs. Last Indian Monthly Income
  • 7.1.3.13 Reason for Migration-To save fund for future vs. Last Indian Monthly Income
  • 7.1.3.14 Reason for Migration- Career Prospects vs. Indian Employment Sector
  • 7.1.3.15 Qualification at the time of migration vs. Religion
  • 7.1.3.16 Qualification at the time of migration vs. Religion- in percentage
  • 7.1.3.17 Range wise classification experience of respondents in Middle East
  • VII-XXII Respondents who have worked in another Middle East country.
  • 7.1.3.18 Country wise classification of respondents who worked a Middle East country other than host country
  • 7.1.3.19 Gender vs. Reason for leaving previous job in Middle East
  • VII-XXIII Gender vs. Reason for leaving previous job
  • 7.1.3.20 Reason for leaving previous job v s. Religion
  • 7.1.4.1 Present occupation vs. Gender
  • 7.1.4.2 Nationality of the Manager vs. Host Country
  • VII-XXIV Nationality of Manager vs. Host Countries
  • 7.1.4.3 Harassment vs. Host Country
  • VII-XXV Mental / Physical Harassment vs. lost Country
  • 7.1.4.4 Harassment vs. Religion of Respondents
  • VII-XXVI Harassment vs. Religion of Respondent
  • 7.1.4.5 Harassment vs. Job Category of Respondents
  • 7.1.4.6 Harassment vs. Gender of Respondents
  • VII-XXVII Harassment vs. Gender
  • 7.1.4.7 Harassment vs. Nationality of Manager
  • VII-XXVIII Harassment vs. Nationality of Manager
  • 7.1.4.8 Harassment vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • VII-XXIX Harassment vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • 7.1.4.9 Monthly Income vs. Harassment
  • VII-XXX Income vs. Harassment
  • 7.1.4.10 Prejudice vs. Religion
  • 7.1.4.11 Prejudice vs. Host Country
  • Vll-XXXI Prejudice vs. Religion of Respondents
  • VII-XXXII Prejudice vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.4.12 Prejudice vs. Job Category
  • 7.1.4.13 Prejudice vs. Gender of Respondents
  • Vll-XXXIII Prejudice vs. Job Category
  • VII-XXXIV Prejudice vs. Gender of Respondents
  • 7.1.4.14 Prejudice vs. Nationality of Manager
  • 7.1.4.15 Nationality of the Organisation vs. Prejudice
  • VII-XXXV Prejudice vs. Nationality of Manager
  • VII-XXXVI Prejudice vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • 7.1.4.16 Prejudice vs. Monthly Income
  • VII-XXXVII Prejudice vs. Monthly Salary
  • 7.1.4.17 Job Security vs. Threat of Localisation
  • VII-XXXVIII Racial / Religious Discrimination vs. Income
  • 7.1.4.18 Threat of Localisation vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • VII-XXXIX Localisation threat vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • 7.1.4.19 Perception of Threat of Localisation vs. Nationality of Manager
  • VII-XL Perception about Threat of Localisation vs. Nationality of Manager
  • 7.1.4.20 Perception of Threat of Localisation vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.4.21 Perception of Job Security vs. Experience in Middle East
  • VlI-XLI Perception of Localisation Threat vs. Host Country
  • VII-XI-II Perception of Job Security vs Experience in Middle East
  • 7.1.4.22 Perception of Job Security vs. Experience in Host Country
  • 7.1.4.23 Perception of Job Security vs. Salary
  • VII-XLIII Perception of Job Security vs, Salary
  • 7.1.4.24 Perception of Job Security vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.4.25 Perception of Job Security vs. Present Occupation
  • 7.1.4.26 Perception of Job Security vs. Gender
  • 7.1.4.27 Perception of Job Insecurity due to abolishment of post vs. Occupation
  • 7.1.4.28 Nationality of Organisation vs. Requirement to do overtime
  • 7.1.4.29 Gender vs. Overtime
  • VII-XLIV Requirement to work overtime
  • VII-XLV Gender vs. Overtime
  • 7.1.4.30 Job Category vs. Overtime
  • VII-XLVI Overtime vs. Occupation
  • 7.1.4.31 Host Country vs. Overtime
  • 7.1.4.32 Impact on Life Satisfaction Index. due to Overtime as against Religion
  • VII-XLVII Life Satisfaction on Religion vs. Overtime
  • 7.1.4.33 Impact of Overtime and allowance on Life Satisfaction Index
  • 7.1.4.34 Occupation vs. Skills
  • 7.1.4.35 Occupation vs. Skills (%)
  • 7.1.4.36 Religion vs. Importance Language Ability of Respondents
  • 7.1.4.37 Job Security vs. Skills
  • 7.1.4.38 Job Security vs. Skills (%)
  • 7.1.4.39 Occupation vs. Threat faced by Respondents
  • 7.1.4.40 Occupation vs. Threat faced by Respondents (%)
  • 7.1.4.41 Reason for Job Threat vs. Gender
  • 7.1.4.42 Reason for Job Threat vs. Gender (%)
  • 7.1.4.43 Reason for Job Threat vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.4.44 Reason for Job Threat vs. Host Country (%)
  • 7.1.4.45 Occupation vs. Monthly Salary
  • 7.1.4.46 Occupation vs. Monthly Salary (%)
  • VII-XLVIII Occupation vs. Monthly Salary
  • 7.1.4.47 Independent Variables of Salary
  • 7.1.4.48 Occupation vs. Free Accommodation
  • VII-XLIX Occupation vs. Accommodation
  • 7.1.4.49 Occupation vs. Gender vs. Free. Accommodation
  • 7.1.4.50 Gender vs. Occupation vs. Free Food
  • 7.1.4.51 Occupation vs. Gender vs. Free Transport
  • 7.1.4.52 Over time work vs. Gender vs. Income
  • VII-L Requirement to do overtime
  • 7.1.4.53 Requirement to do overtime Vs. Host Country vs. Gender
  • 7.1.4.54 Occupation vs. Gender vs. Requirement for Overtime
  • 7.1.5.1 Source of Accommodation cost vs. Perception of Accommodation
  • 7.1.5.2 Monthly Salary vs. Freedom to Express
  • VII-LI Salary vs. Freedom to Express
  • 7.1.5.3 Host Country vs. Facility to Travel within Host Country
  • VII-LII Freedom to Travel vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.5.4 Perception of Salary vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • VII-LIII Weighed average score of Perception of Salary vs. Nationality of Organisation
  • 7.1.5.5 Ability to Save vs. Monthly Salary
  • VII-LIV Monthly Salary vs. Ability to Save
  • 7.1.5.6 Recreation Facilities vs. Host Country
  • VII-LV Weighed Average Score of Recreation Facility vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.5.7 Adequate Communication Facility vs. Host Country
  • VII-LVI Weighed Average Score vs- Host Country
  • 7.1.5.8 Life Satisfaction Index
  • VII-LVII Life Satisfaction Index vs. lob Category
  • 7.1.5.9 Life Satisfaction Index vs. Host Country vs. Districts
  • VII-LVIII Life Satisfaction Index vs. District vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.5.10 Family Life Failure vs. Marital Status vs. Gender
  • 7.1.5.11 Age of Respondents vs. Gender vs. Family Life Failure
  • VII-LIX Failure of family life vs. Gender vs. Age
  • 7.1.5.12 Family Life Failure vs. Country of employment and Gender of Respondents
  • 7.1.5.13 Qualification of Respondents vs. Disappointment due to not obtaining appropriate job
  • VII-LX Qualification of Respondents vs. Disappointment due to not obtaining appropriate job
  • 7.1.5.14 Country of employment of Respondents vs. Disappointment due to not obtaining appropriate job
  • 7.1.5.15 Job insecurity of Respondent- vs. Nationality of their Manager
  • 7.1.5.16 Job insecurity of Respondents, vs. Country of Employment and Gender
  • 7.1.5.17 Increased family responsibilit y vs. Marital Status and Gender
  • 7.1.5.18 Increased Family responsibility vs. Age and Gender of Respondents
  • 7.1.5.19 Mental Tension of Respondents vs. Gender and Age
  • 7.1.5.20 Age of Respondents vs. Diseases suffered
  • 7.1.6.1 Respondents with loan repayment burden against their monthly income
  • 7.1.6.2 Respondents with Loan repayment burden vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.6.3 Age of Respondents vs. Gender vs. Family Life Failure
  • 7.1.6.4 Loan repayment burden vs, Religion of Respondents
  • 7.1.7.1 Qualification of Respondents at the time of migration vs. Religion
  • 7.1.7.2 Age of Respondents vs. Gender vs. Family Life Failure
  • VII-LXI Perception of benefit of better Qualification for a better job against Qualification
  • 7.1.7.3 Perception about benefit of better Qualification vs. Present Job Category
  • VII-LXII Perception of Benefit of Better Qualification vs. Present Job Category
  • 7.1.7.4 Respondents who acquired new qualification in ME vs. Present Job Category
  • 7.1.7.5 Interest of Respondents to Acquire New Qualification vs. Present Qualification
  • 7.1.8.1 Future expected Stay in ME vs. Present Age of Respondents
  • 7.1.8.2 Age of Respondents vs. Expected Retirement Age
  • VII-LXIII Weighed Average Future Stay vs. Present Age
  • 7.1.8.3 Intention of Respondents to Migrate to Another Country vs. Job category
  • VII-LXIV Weighed Average Score of Inte ntion to Migrate vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.9.1 Opinion on Voting Rights vs. Monthly Income
  • VII-LXV Weighed Average Score on Vo-ting Rights vs. Monthly income
  • 7.1.9.2 Urge to have Voting Rights vs. Religion
  • VII-LVI Weighed Average Score need fir Voting Rights vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.9.3 Opinion on Indian Consulates vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXVII Opinion on Indian Consulate vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.9.4 Opinion about NORKA vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXVIII Weighed Average Score on Opinion of Norka vs. Host Country
  • 7.1.9.5 Opinion about NORKA vs. Income Group
  • VII-LXIX Opinion on NORKA vs. Salary
  • 7.1.10.1 Opinion on the statement Present salary sufficient for education, experience and the work done vs. Work place
  • 7.1.10.2 Opinion on the statement Present housing facility is adequate vs. Work place
  • 7.1.10.3 Opinion on the statement
  • 7.1.10.4 Opinion on the statement Respondents can travel easily within the host country vs. Work Place
  • 7.1.10.5 Opinion on the statement Able to save enough money vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.6 Opinion on the statement Sufficient recreational facilities in host country vs Workplace
  • 7.1.10.7 Opinion on the statement Opinion about NORKA is good vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.8 Opinion on the statement Communicate with home / family whenever required is easy vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.9 Opinion on the statement Indian consulate is very helpful vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.10 Opinion on the statement Planning to Migrate permanently to another country vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.11 Opinion on the statement Indian living abroad should be allowed to vote in Indian elections vs. Workplace
  • 7.1.10.12 Opinion on the statement Better education qualification will yields better job vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.13 Opinion on the statement Localization move is threatening the present job vs. workplace
  • 7.1.10.14 Logistic Regression for the Satisfaction Level in Kerala Employees
  • 7.1.10.15 Values of
  • SECTION - 7.2 ANALYSIS OF THE DISPOSITION OF EMPLOYERS TOWARDS KERALA EMPLOYEES IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION
  • 7.2.1.1 Place of Head of Office of Employer Company vs. Host Country of Respondent
  • 7.2.1.2 Activity of employer Company vs. Place of Employment
  • 7.2.1.3 Sector of Organisation vs. Country of Employment.
  • 7.2.1.4 Responsibility of Respondents vs. Place of Operation
  • 7.2.2.1 Effect of Localisation on Recruitment vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.2.2 Effect of Localisation on Recruitment for Blue Collar Job vs. Host Country.
  • VII-LXX Effect of Localisation on Recruitment vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXXI Effect of Localisation on Recruitment of Blue Collar Jobs vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.2.3 Effect of Localisation on Recruitment for Middle Management Job vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXXII Effect of Localisation on Recruitment of Middle Management Jobs vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.2.4 Effect of Localisation on Recruitment on Skilled Jobs vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXXVII Effect of Localisation on Recruitment for Skilled Jobs vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.3.1 Mode of Recruitment vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.3.2 Influence of Nationality of Candidate during Selection vs. Country of Employment.
  • VII-LXXIV Influence of Nationality of Candidate during Selection vs. Country of Employment.
  • 7.2.4.1 Familiarity with Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.4.2 Employers with Kerala workers vs. Country
  • 7.2.4.3 Category of Kerala workers vs. Sector of Employer.
  • 7.2.5.1 Opinion about Kerala worker; Loyalty vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.5.2 Age of Respondents vs. Gender vs. Family Lire Failure
  • VII-LXXV Weighed Average Score on Loyalty vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXXVI Weighed Average Score on Hard working Nature vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.5.3 English Language Skill is Good vs. Country
  • 7.2.5.4 Opinion on Work Skill vs. Country of Employment
  • VII-LXXVII Weighed Average Score on Opinion on English Skills vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXXVII Weighed Average Score on Opinion on Work Skill vs. Host Country
  • 7.2.5.5 Opinion on Adaptability of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.5.6 Opinion on Honesty of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment.
  • VII-LXXVIll Weighed Average Score on the Opinion on Adaptability vs. Host Country
  • VII-LXXIX Opinion on Honesty of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.5.7 Opinion on Leadership Quality of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.5.8 Opinion on Dedication of Kuala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • VII-LXXX Opinion on Leadership Quality of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • VII-LXXXI Opinion on Dedication of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.5.9 Opinion on Punctuality of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • VII-LXXXII Opinion on Punctuality of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.5.10 Opinion on Future Prospect of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • 7.2.5.11 Opinion that Kerala Workers are Problematic vs. Country of Employment
  • VII-LXXXIII Opinion on Future Prospects of Kerala Workers vs. Country of Employment
  • VII-LXXXIV Opinion that Kerala Workers are Problematic vs. Country of Employment
  • SECTION - 7.3 ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF RECRUITING AGENCIES TOWARDS KERALA EMPLOYEES IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION
  • 7.3.1.1 Place of Main Office vs. Area for which Recruiting.
  • 7.3.2.1 Impact of Localisation Move vs. Place of Main Office
  • 7.3.2.2 Impact of Localisation Move on Blue Collar Job Recruitment vs. Place of Main Office
  • 7.3.2.3 Impact of Localisation Move on Middle Management Job Recruitment vs- Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.2.4 Impact of Localisation Move on Skilled Job Recruitment vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.3.1 Impact of Nationality on Recruitment vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.4.1 Familiarity with Kerala Workers vs. Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.1 Opinion on Loyalty of Kerala Workers vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.2 Opinion on Hard Working Nature of Kerala Workers vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.3 English language Skill of Kerala Workers vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.4 Opinion on Work Skill of Kerala Workers vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.5 Opinion on Work Adaptability of Kerala Workers vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.6 Fields in which Kerala Workers could excel vs. Place of Main Office of Recruitment Agency
  • 7.3.5.7 Age of Respondents vs. Gender vs. Family Life Failure
  • SECTION - 7.4 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF KERALA EMPLOYEES IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION
  • XLVI A Group of trapped Keralites in Bahrain
  • XLVII 31 Keralite women hailing from Kollam and Pathanamthitta districts who were arrested for prostitution in Deira Dubai in January 2005 and as produced before the court in Dubai.
  • XLVIII A Keralite Shawarma Maker of Muscat
  • XLIX Two construction workers enjoying their lunch in Qatar
  • XLX A Labour Camp in Abu Dhabi
  • XLXI A work site in Qatar
  • 8. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • A. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • XLX Execution of Prisoners in Saudi Arabia
  • XLXI Construction Workers waiting for Transport back to Camp after a hard day
  • B. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • NOTES & REFERENCES
  • APPENDICES
  • APPENDIX I Questionnaire for Kerala Employees
  • APPENDIX II Questionnaire for Employers
  • APPENDIX III Questionnaire for Recruiting Agencies
  • APPENDIX IV Malayalam Questionnaire for Kerala Employers
  • APPENDIX V SPSS 11.5 OUTPUT
  • APPENDIX V Gulf Kerala Web Site
  • APPENDIX VI Leaflet for promoting Gulf Kerala Study
  • APPENDIX VII Gulf Kerala Study Icon
  • APPENDIX VIII Template for Gulf Kerala Study e-mail Broadcast
  • APPENDIX IX News Paper Reports
  • APPENDIX X Gulf Kerala Study in Search Engines
  • APPENDIX XI Gulf Kerala Study in Online Newspapers
  • APPENDIX XII Support received from different sponsors for the Gulf Kerala Study
  • APPENDIX XIII Gulf Kerala Study- Kerala Workers; Promotion of the study- Impact of different promotional media
  • APPENDIX XIV Reports on Kerala Migrants Workers Sufferings
  • APPENDIX XV Messages
  • APPENDIX XVI Glimses of Keralite Struggling to eke out a Living in te Middle East Region
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY