Online Thesis Search Results

TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PREFACE
ABBREVIATIONS
CONTENTS
1. GARCINIA CAMBOGIA - A BRIEF REVIEW
1.1 Introduction
1. Garcinia atroviridis
2. Garcinia cowa roxb.
3. Garcinia dulcis
4. Garcinia echinocarpa
5. Garcinia hombroniana
6. Garcinia lndica
7. Garcinia lanceafolia
8. Garcinia Livingstonei
9. Garcinia Mangostana Linn.
1.2 Garcinia cambogia fruit
1.3 Traditional processing of the fruit
Fig.1.1: Fresh fruit of Garcinia cambogia
1 1.1 Fresh fruit of Garcinia cambogia
Fig.1.2: Dried fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia
2 1.2 Dried fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia
1.4 Traditional application of Garcinia cambogia fruit
1.5 Modern application of Garcinia cambogia fruit
1.6 Constituents and active ingredients
1.7 Chemistry of HCA
3 1.3 Structure of Hydroxy citric acid
4 1.4 Different isomers of Hydroxy citric acid
5 1.5 Structure of Hydroxy citric acid Lactones.
1.8 Physiological significances of HCA
1. Blocking the enzyme ATP - Citrate Lyase
6 1.6 Inhibition of Fatty acid synthesis by (-) hydroxy citrate
2. Inhibiting Lipogenesis
3. Suppressing the appetite
4. Stimulating thermogenesis
7 1.7 Effect of Hydroxy citrate on 3- hydroxy butyrate plus acetoacetate by perfused liver
1.9 Toxicology of HCA
1.10 Dosage of HCA
1.11 Review on earlier works
1.12 Analysis procedures of HCA
1 13 Objectives of this study
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Plant materials
2.1.2 Chemicals
2.2 Analytical methods
2.2.1 Preparation of water extract
2.2.2 Determination of Moisture
2.2.3 Determination of Acid value
2.2.4 Conversion HCA into its Lactones
2.2.5 Identification of HCA and lactone by paper chromatography
2.2.6 Estimation of Citric acid
2.2.7 Estimation of Lactones
2.2.8 Estimation of HCA by HPLC method
2.2.9 Estimation of Magnesium
2.2 10 Estimation of HCA by HPLC using C, 6 RP amide column
2.2.11 Estimation HCA by HPTLC method
2.2.12 Estimation of HCA by Spectrophotometric method.
2.2.13 Determination of pH
2.2.14 Estimation of Calcium
2.2.15 Estimation of Salt content by Mohrs method
2.2.16 Estimation of Sodium
2.2 17 Determination of Bulk density
2.2.18 Estimation of Potassium
2.2 19 Estimation of Heavy metals
2.2.20 Estimation of Aflatoxin
2.2.21 Estimation of Crop contaminants like saffrole, agaric acid and hydrocyanic acid
2.2.22 Determination of Microbial parameters
2.2.23 Determination of Optical rotation
2.2.24 Estimation of Refractive index
2.2.25 Statistical analysis
3. ISOLATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYDROXY CITRIC ACID (HCA)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials
3.3 Methods
3.3.1 Analysis of Moisture content of Garcinia cambogia.
3.3.2 Estimation of Total dissolved solids (TDS)
3.3.3 Preparation of Garcinia cambogia water extract
3.3.4 Estimation of HCA content
3.3.5 Estimation of Lactones
3.3.6 Estimation of Citric acid
3.4 Results
3.4 1 Moisture content of G. cambogia grown in different places
3.4.2 Analysis of water extract of rind, leaves, stem and fruit of G. cambogia
1 3.1 Moisture content of dried fruit of G. cambogia grown indifferent places
3.4 3 HCA and Lactone contents of different parts of G. cambogia plant
2 3.2 Analysis of water extract of rind, leaves, stem and fruit
3.4.4 Citric acid content of different plant parts of G cambogia
3 3.3 HCA content of dried rind, leaves, stem and fruit
3.4.5 Analysis of fresh rind of Garcinia cambogia
4 3.4 Citric acid content in dried rind, leaf, stem and fruit of a single G. cambogia plant
3.4.6 Comparison of HCA and citric acid in Garcinia cambogia grown in different parts of India.
5 3.5 Analysis of fresh rind of G. cambogia
3.4.7 Comparison of HCA in Garcinia cambogia fruit grown in different countries
6 3.6 Comparison of HCA and Citric acid in Garcinia cambogia rind grown in different parts of India
3.5 Discussion
7 3.7 HCA and Citric acid content in Garcinia cambogia grown in different countries
4. CONVERSION OF HYDROXY CITRIC ACID INTO STABLE SALTS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials
4.3 Methods
4.3.1 Preparation of water extract from Garcinia cambogia rind
4.3.2 Preparation of Hydroxy citric acid Lactone
4.3.3 Preparation of Calcium hydroxy citrate
4.3.4 Preparation of high Bulk density Calcium hydroxy citrate
8 4.1 Flow diagram for the preparation of Calcium hydroxy citrate
4.3.5 Preparation of compressible granules of Calcium hydroxy citrate
43.6 Preparation of Potassium hydroxy citrate
9 4.2 Flow diagram for the preparation of Potassium hydroxy citrate
4.3.7 Preparation of Magnesium hydroxy citrate
10 4.3 Flow diagram for the preparation of Magnesium hydroxy citrate
4.3.8 Preparation of Sodium hydroxy citrate
4.3.9 Checking the Solubility
4.3 10 Checking the pH
11 4.4 Flow diagram for the preparation of Sodium hydroxy citrate
4.3 11 Checking the Bulk density
4.3.12 Determination of Moisture
4.3 13 Estimation of HCA by UV Spectrophotometric method
4.3 14 Estimation of Salt content
4.3 15 Estimation of Citric acid
4.3 16 Estimation of Calcium
4.3 17 Estimation of Potassium
4.3 18 Estimation of Magnesium
4.3 19 Estimation of Sodium,
4.3 20 Analysis of Heavy metals, Aflatoxin, Crop contaminants and Microbial parameters
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Preparation and properties of Hydroxy citric acid Lactone
4.4.2 Preparation of Calcium hydroxy citrate
8 4.1 Physical and chemical properties of Hydroxy citric acid Lactone
9 4.2 Yield of calcium hydroxy citrate at different pH during neutralization
10 4.3 Effect of TDS level of water extract on the yield of calcium hydroxy citrate
4.4.3 Physical and chemical properties of Calcium hydroxy citrate
4.4.4 Preparation of Calcium hydroxy citrate having high bulk density
11 4.4 Physical and chemical properties of Calcium hydroxy citrate
4.4.5 Preparation of compressible granules of Calcium hydroxy citrate
12 4.5 Bulk densities of Calcium hydroxy citrate
4.4.6 Preparation of Potassium hydroxy citrate
13 4.6 Effect of TDS of neutralized solution on the yield of potassium hydroxy citrate
4.4.7 Physical and chemical properties of potassium hydroxy citrate
14 4.7 Effect of volume of alcohol on the yield of Potassium hydroxy citrate
15 4.8 Physical and chemical properties of Potassium hydroxy citrate
4.4.8 Preparation of Magnesium hydroxy citrate
16 4.9 Physical and chemical properties of Magnesium hydroxy citrate
4.4.9 Preparation of Sodium hydroxy citrate
4.4.10 Comparative study of different Hydroxy citrates
17 4.10 Physical and chemical properties of Sodium hydroxy citrate
18 4.11 Physical and chemical properties of Calcium, Potassium, Sodium and Magnesium hydroxy citrates: - A comparative data
4.4.11. Estimation of Heavy metals, Aflatoxin, Crop contaminants and Microbial parameters
19 4.12 Estimation of Heavy metals, Aflatoxin, Crop contaminants and Microbial parameters in G. Cambogia rind and Calcium hydroxy citrate
4.5 Discussion
5. METHODS DEVELOPED FOR ESTIMATION OF HYDROXY CITRIC ACID
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials
5.3 Methods
5.3 1 Spectrophotometric determination of HCA
5.3.2 Estimation of HCA using HPTLC
5.3.3 Estimation of HCA by HPLC using C, 6 RP amide column
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Colour reaction between HCA and meta vanadate
12 5 1 Spectrum of colour complex formed when HCA reacted with sodium metavanadate.
5.4.2 Stability of colour complex formed between HCA and sodium meta vanadate
13 5.2 Time scan of HCA and sodium meta vanadate solution immediately after mixing.
5.4.3 Optimisation of the spectrophotometric procedure
20 5.1 Optimum parameters required for the estimation of HCA by Spectrophotometric method
5.4.4 Analysis of Hydroxy citrate using UV- spectrophotometric method
21 5.2 HCA analysis of different samples of Calcium hydroxy citrate by Spectrophotometric method
22 5.3 HCA analysis of different samples of Potassium hydroxy citrate by Spectrophotometric method
5.4.5 Interference of HCA lactones on sodium meta vanadate
23 5.4 Interference of HCA Lactones with sodium metavanadate in presence of known HCA
5.4.6 Comparison of HCA by Spectrophotometric method and HPLC method
24 5.5 Comparison of HCA by Spectrophotometric method and HPLC method (for different samples)
5.4.7 Analysis of HCA using HPTLC
Fig. 5.3 Fluorescent Chromatogram of HCAby HPTLC Method
14 5.3 Fluoresent chromatogram of HCA by HPTLC method
5.4.8 Estimation of HCA by HPLC using C, 6 RP amide column
5.4.9 Elution profile of other organic acids using C, 6 RP amide column
15 5.4 Regression graph of HCA by HPTLC method.
16 5.5 HPTLC profile of HCA
17 5.6 Elution profile of Calcium hydroxy citrate by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
18 5.7 Elution profile of Potassium hydroxy citrate by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
19 5.8 Elution profile of Sodium hydroxy citrate by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
20 5.9 Regression graph of HCA by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
21 5.10 Elution profile of HCA Lactone by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
22 5.11 Elution profile of Oxalic acid by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
23 5.12 Elution profile of Tartaric acid by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
24 5.13 Elution profile of Citric acid by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
25 5.14 Elution profile of Aspartic acid by HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
25 5.6 Comparison of HCA by Spectrophotometric method and HPLC (C16 RP amide column) method
26 5.7 Analysis of HCA in different branded products by Spectrophotometric and HPLC methods.
5.5 Discussion
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. Isolation and comparative study of HCA
2. Conversion of hydroxy citric acid into stable salts
3. Methods developed for the estimation of HCA
References
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