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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • DEDICATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF SYMBOLS
  • PREFACE
  • LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 General Introduction
  • 1.2 Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL)
  • 1.2.1 Depth of the ABL over land and the ocean
  • 1.2.2 General Structure of they ABL
  • 1.2.3 Factors Influencing the Structure of the ABL
  • 1.3 Diurnal Evolution of the ABL
  • 1.3.1 Convective Boundary Layer (CBL)
  • 1.3.2 Residual Layer (27L)
  • 1.3.3 Stable Boundary Layer (SBL)
  • 1.4 Stability of the ABL
  • 1.5 Features of the ABL over Oceanic Surface
  • 1.5.1 Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
  • 1.5.2 Surface Waves
  • 1.6 Oceanographic Field Experiments: An Overview
  • 1.6.1 International Indian Ocean Expedition (110E)
  • 1.6.2 Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX)
  • 1.6.3 Atlantic Trade Wind Experiment (A TEX)
  • 1.6.4 GA RP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE)
  • 1.6.5 Air Mass Transformation Experiment (AMTEX)
  • 1.6.6 Joint Air-Sea Interaction (JASIN) Experiment
  • 1.6.7 Maritime Remove Sensing (MARSEN) Experiment
  • 1.6.8 Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE)
  • 1.6.9 Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE)
  • 1.6.10 Humidity Exchange over the Sea (HEXOS) Programme
  • 1.6.11 Frontal Air Sea interaction Experiment (FASINEX)
  • 1.6.12 Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) and TOGA Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE)
  • 1.6.13 Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment (SMILE)
  • 1.6.14 Atlantic Stratus Transition Experiment (ASTEX)
  • 1.6.15 Surface of the Ocean, Flux and Interaction with the Atmosphere (S VIA)
  • 1.6.16 Structure des Exchanges Mer-Atmosphere, Proprietes Experimentale (SEMAPHORE)
  • 1.6.17 Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX)
  • 1.7 Features of the Tropical Indian Ocean
  • 1.7.1 Historical Background
  • 1.7.2 Tropical Indian Ocean Region
  • 1.8 Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)
  • 1 8.1 Objectives of the INDOEX Campaign
  • 1.8.2 Cruise Track of INDOEX, IFP-99 Campaign
  • 1.9 Objectives and Scope of the Present Study
  • 2. INSTRUMENTATION AND DATABASE
  • 2.1 General Introduction
  • 2.2 Ship-Borne Instrumentations onboard ORV Sagar Kanya
  • 2.3 Tower-based Instrumentation at KCO
  • 2.4 Upper Air Observations (GLASS Sonde Launches)
  • 2.4.1 GLASS Facility Description
  • 2.4.2 GLASS Radiosor-de Deployment
  • 2.4.3 Radiosonde Sensor Specifications
  • 2.5 Database Used in the Present Study
  • 3. AIR-SEA INTERACTION PROCESSES OVER THE TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN
  • 3.1 General Introduction
  • 3.2 Surface Layer Meteorological Observations
  • 3.2.1 INDOEX, IFP-99, Cruise Track
  • 3.2.2 Spatio-Temporal Variation of Meteorological Parameters along the cruise track
  • 3.3 Method of Analysis
  • 3.3.1 Estimation of Friction velocity (u.) and scaling Temperature (θ)
  • 3.3.2 Estimation of Integrated Stability Functions (Wm and Wn) Estimation of Roughness Length (za)
  • 3.3.3 Estimation of Roughness Length (Zo)
  • 3.3.4 Determination of Exchange Coefficients (CD, CH and CE) and the surface fluxes (t, Hs and HL)
  • 3.4 Wind Speed dependence of Air-Sea Exchange parameters
  • 3.4.1 Variation of surface Roughness length (Zo and Zot and Zoq)
  • 3.4.2 Variation of Air-Sea Exchange Coefficients
  • 3.4.3 Variation of Neutral Drag Coefficient (CDN)
  • 3.4.4 Wind Speed Dependence of Air-Sea Fluxes
  • 3.5 Spatio-Temporal variation of Air-Sea Exchange parameters Along the cruise track
  • 3.5.1 Cruise Leg-1 (Meridional track-AB)
  • 3.5.2 Cruise Leg-2 (Zonal track-SC)
  • 3.5.3 Cruise Leg-3 (Meridional track-CD)
  • 3.5.4 Cruise Leg-4 (Zonal track-DE)
  • 3.6 Fluxes in relation to NCMRWF Wind Analysis
  • 3.7 Comparison with Pre-INDOEX, INDOEX - FFP-98 and TOGA-COARE Fluxes
  • 3.8 Summary and Conclusions
  • 3.9 Discussion
  • 4. VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MABL OVER THE TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN
  • 4.1 General Introduction
  • 4.2 Data Processing anti Analysis
  • 4.2.1 Moisture Variables
  • 4.2.2 Classification of Data
  • 4.3 Mean Vertical Structure of the MABL over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX, IFP-99
  • 4.4 Degree of Convection prevailing over the Tropical Indian Ocean along the cruise track
  • 4.4.1 Variation in q, θF and θES along the cruise track at seven standard altitude levels
  • 4.4.2 Comparison of θE, δθ and Pspd profiles over the ITCZ and the non-ITCZ regions
  • 4.5 Mixed Layer Height Variability along the cruise track of INDOEX, IFP-99 campaign
  • 4.5.1 Mixed Layer Height Variability during forward track
  • 4.5.2 Mixed Layer Height Variability during return track
  • 4.5.3 Spatial Variation in Mixed Layer Heights and LCL along the cruise legs
  • 4.6 Double Mixed Layer Structure over the Central Arabian Sea
  • 4.7 Summary and Conclusions
  • 5. ABL CHARACTERISTICS OVER KAASHIDHOO THROUGH OBSERVATIONS AND SIMULATIONS
  • 5.1 General Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Kaashidhoo: Site Description
  • 5.2 Surface Layer Meteorological Observations over Kaashidhoo during. INDOEX, IFP-99
  • 5.3 GLASS Sonde Observations over Kaashidhoo during INDOEX, IFP-99 campaign
  • 5.3.1 Degree of Convection Prevailing over Kaashidhoo
  • 5.3.2 Mixed Layer Height variability over Kaashidhoo
  • 5.4 Mesoscale Modelling over Kaashidhoo
  • 5.4.1 Mesoscale Models
  • 5.4.2 OSU 1-D PBL (CAPS) Model
  • 5.4.2 ARPS Model
  • 5.4.4 Model Run Configuration
  • 5.5 Sensitivity of Model to Input Parameters
  • 5.5.1 OSU Model Sensitivity
  • 5.5.2 ARPS Model Sensitivity
  • 5.6 Simulation of u, v, θ and q over Kaashidhoo
  • 5.7 Concluding Remarks
  • 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
  • SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
  • REFERENCES