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Title
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Appendices
1. Introduction
1 1.1 Comparison-of Health Statistics
1.1. Need for the study
1.2. Statement of the problem
1.3. Major Objective
1.3.1. Specific Objectives
1.4. Hypotheses
1.5. Methodology in Brief
1.5.1. Sample
1.5.2. Variables
1.5.3. Tools
1.5.4. Procedure adopted
1.5.5. Statistical Techniques used
1.6. Limitations of the Study
1.7. Organisation of the report
2. Review of Literature
2.1. Health Psychology
2.1.1. Historical background
2.1.2. Emergence of health psychology
2.2. Structure and functions of cardiovascular system
2.2.1. Diseases of the cardiovascular system
Atherosclerosis
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Arrhythmia
Hypertension
Cardiac Surgery
Endocarditis
Pericarditis
2.3. Studies related to cardiovascular diseases
2.3.1. Cardiac surgery
2.3.2. Essential hypertension
2.3.3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
2.3.4. Arrhythmia
2.3.5. Other relevant studies
2.4. Conclusion
3. Methodology
3.1. Sample
3.1.1. Age
2 3.1 Distribution of the sample with regard to age
3.1.2. Sex, religion and place of residence wise classification of the subjects
3 3.2 Distribution of the sample with regard to sex, religion and place of residence
3.1.3. Soci-economic status wise classification of the subjects (SES)
3.2. Tools and variables
4 3.3 Distribution of the sample with regard to socio-economic status
3.2.1. Personal Data Schedule
3.2.2. Stress inventory - Tool development
3.2.3. Type A behaviour scale - Tool development
3.2.4. Depression inventory - Tool development
3.2.5. State trait personality inventory (Malayalam)
5 3.4 The correlation values of the original and adapted version of the STPI
6 3.5 The correlation values of the original and adapted version of the STPI
3.2.6. Personality inventory
3.2.7. Generalised T scale
3.2.8. Self esteem inventory
3.3. Procedure adopted
3.4. Consolidation of data
3.5. Statistical technique used for analysis
3.5.1. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
3.5.2. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA)
3.5.3. Scheffe procedure
3.5.4. Discriminant Analysis
3.5.5. Chi-square
3.6. Method of analysis
4. Result and Discussion
4.1. Result and discussion of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
7 4.1 Multivariate tests of significance (S=2, M=9, N=2371/2) for the three group
8 4.2 Multivariate test of significance for the ten-group classification.
4.2. Result and discussion of analysis of variance and multiple range
4.2.1. Family Stress
9 4.3 Results of ANOVA on the three-group classification on family stress.
10 4.4 Comparison of the three groups on family stress.
11 4.5 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on family stress.
12 4.6 Comparison of the ten groups for family stress
1. 1. Family Stress - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.2. Social Stress
13 4.7 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group classification on social stress.
14 4.8 Comparison of the three groups for social stress.
15 4.9 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on social stress
16 4.10 Comparison of the ten groups on social stress.
4.2.3. Personal Stress
17 4.11 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group classification on personal stress.
18 4.12 Comparison of the three groups on personal stress.
19 4.13 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on personal stress.
20 4.14 Comparison of the ten groups on personal stress.
4.2.4. Occupational Stress
21 4.15 Results of ANOVA based on the three group on occupational stress.
22 4.16 Comparison-of the three groups on occupational stress.
23 4.17 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group on occupational stress.
24 4.18 Comparison of the ten groups on occupational stress.
4. 4. Occupational Stress - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.5. Type A Behaviour
25 4.19 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group on type A behaviour
26 4.20 Comparison of the three groups on type A behaviour.
27 4.21 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on type A behaviour.
28 4.22 Comparison of the ten groups for type A behaviour.
5. 5. Type A Behaviour - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.6. Extroversion- Introversion
29 4.23 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on extroversion-introversion.
30 4.24 Comparison of the three groups for extroversion introversion
31 4.25 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on extroversion-introversion.
32 4.26 Comparison of the ten groups for extroversion - introversion.
6. 6. Extroversion - Introversion Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.7. Neuroticism
33 4.27 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group classification on neuroticism.
34 4.28 Comparison of the three groups on neuroticism.
35 4.29 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on neuroticism.
36 4.30 Comparison of the ten groups for neuroticism.
7. 7. Neuroticism - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.8. Stable Temperament
37 4.31 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on stable temperament.
38 4.32 Comparison of the three groups for stable temperament.
39 4.33 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on stable temperament.
40 4.34 Comparison of the ten groups for stable temperament.
8. 8. Stable Temperament - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.9. Objective Temperament
41 4.35 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on objective temperament. 42 4.36 Comparison of the three groups for objective temperament.
9. 9. Objective Temperament - Comparison of Mean Values
43 4.37 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on objective temperament.
44 4.38 Comparison of the ten groups for objective temperament.
4.2.10. Sociable Temperament
45 4.39 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on sociable temperament.
46 4.40 Comparison of the three groups for sociable temperament.
47 4.41 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on sociable temperament.
48 4.42 Comparison of the ten groups for sociable temperament.
10 10. Sociable Temperament-Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.11. Self -esteem
49 4.43 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on self-esteem.
50 4.44 Comparison of the three groups for self-esteem.
51 4.45 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on self-esteem.
52 4.46 Comparison of the ten groups for self-esteem.
11 11 Self-Esteem - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.12. State Anxiety
53 4.47 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group classification on state anxiety.
54 4.48 Comparison of the three groups for state anxiety.
55 4.49 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on state anxiety.
56 4.50 Comparison of the ten groups for state anxiety.
12. 12. State Anxiety - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.13. Trait Anxiety
57 4.51 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on trait anxiety.
58 4.52 Comparison of the three groups for trait anxiety.
59 4.53 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on trait anxiety.
13. 13. Trait Anxiety - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.14. State Curiosity
60 4.54 Comparison of the ten groups for trait anxiety.
61 4.55 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group classification on state curiosity.
62 4.56 Comparison of the three groups for state curiosity.
63 4.57 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on state curiosity.
64 4.58 Comparison of the ten groups for state curiosity.
14. 14 State Curiosity - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.15. Trait Curiosity
65 4.59 Results of ANOVA based on the three-group classification on trait curiosity.
66 4.60 Comparison of the three groups for trait curiosity.
67 4.61 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on trait curiosity.
68 4.62 Comparison of the ten groups for trait curiosity.
15. 15. Trait Curiosity - Comparison of Mean Values
4.2.16. State Anger
69 4.63 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on state anger.
70 4.64 Comparison-of the three groups for state anger.
71 4.65 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on state anger.
16. 16. State Anger -- Comparison of Mean Values
72 4.66 Comparison of the ten groups for state anger.
4.2.17. Trait Anger
73 4.67 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on trait anger,
74 4.68 Comparison of the three groups for trait anger.
17. 17. Trait Anger - Comparison of Mean Values
75 4.69 Results of ANOVA based on the ten group classification on trait anger.
76 4.70 Comparison of the ten groups for trait anger.
4.2.18. Depression
77 4.71 Results of ANOVA based on the three group classification on depression.
78 4.72 Comparison of the three groups on depression.
79 4.73 Results of ANOVA based on the ten-group classification on depression.
80 4.74 Comparison of the ten groups for depression.
18. 18. Depression - Comparison of Mean Values
CONCLUSIONS
4.3. Results and discussion on discriminant analysis
4.3.1. Function discriminating normal, general patients and cardiac patients
81 4.75 Statistical Indications of significance of the Discriminant function.
82 4.76 Standardised Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients.
83 4.77 Structure Matrix
84 4.78 Group Centeriods
85 4.79 Classification of results
4.3.2. Functions discriminating normal, non-cardiac patients and eight different cardiac patient groups
86 4.80 Statistical Indications of significance of the Discriminant Function
87 4.81 Group Centeriods.
88 4.82 Standardised Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients.
89 4.83 Structure Matrix.
90 4.84 Classification of results and predicted group membership.
CONCLUSION
4.4. Comparison of cardiac group with noncardiac and normals based on the mean values of all the variables.
4.4.1. Cardiac Patients
19. 19 Cardiac patients Comparison of mean values of all variables
4.4.2. Myocardial Infarction
4.4.3. Angina
20. 20 Myocardial Infarction-Comparison of mean values of all variables
21. 21. Angina - Comparison of mean values of all variables
4.4.4. Cardiac Surgery
4.4.5. Essential Hypertension
4.4.6. Arrythmia
22. 22 Cardiac Surgery - Comparison of mean values of all variables
23. 23. Essential Hypertension -Comparison of mean values of all variables
4.4.7. Atherosclerosis
4.4.8. Endocarditis
24, 24 Arrythmia - Comparison of mean values of all variables.
25. 25. Atherosclerosis - Comparison of mean values of all variables.
26. 26. Endocarditis - Comparison of mean values of all variables.
4.4.9. Pericarditis Conclusions
CONCLUSION
27. 27 Pericarditis - Comparison of mean values of all variables.
4.5. Results and discussion of Chi-square test
4.5.1. Age
91 4.85 Chi-square value for different age groups.
92 4.86 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for different age groups.
4.5.2. Sex
93 4.87 Chi-square value for sex.
4.5.3. Religion
94 4.88 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for sex (N=500)
95 4.89 Chi-square value for religion.
96 4.90 Row percentage observed and expected frequency for religion.
4.5.4. Place of residence
97 4.91 Chi - square value for place of residence.
98 4.92 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for place of residence.
4.5.5. Socio-economic status (SES)
99 4.93 Chi-square value for socio-economic status (High-Middle Low)
100 4.94 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for socio-economic
4.5.6. Type of family
101 4.95 Chi-square value for type of family.
102 4.96 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for type of family.
4.5.7. Family size
103 4.97 Chi-square value of family size.
104 4.98 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for family size.
4.5.8. Food habits
105 4.99 Chi-square value for food habits.
4.5.9. Smoking behaviour
106 4.100 Row percentage, observed and expected frequency for food habits.
107 4.101 Chi-square value of smoking behaviour.
108 4.102 Observed and expected frequency and row percentage for smoking.
4.5.10. Alcoholic behaviour
109 4.103 Chi-square value for alchohol use.
110 4.104 Observed & expected frequency and row percentage for alcohol use.
4.5.11. History of BP I diabetes / other diseases
111 4.105 Chi-square value for the history of BP / diabetes / other diseases.
112 4.106 Observed and expected frequency and row percentage for the history of BP.diabetes / other disease symptoms.
4.5.12. Hospitalisation
113 4.107 Chi-square value for the details of hospitalization.
114 4.108 Observed & expected frequency and row percentage of hospitalization.
CONCLUSION
5. Summary & Conclusion
5.1. Need for the study
5.2. Statement of the topic
5.3. Objectives of the study
5.3.1. Specific Objectives
5.4. Hypotheses
5.5. Methodology in brief
5.6. Sample for the study
5.7. Tools used for the study
5.8. Variables
5.9. Administration of tools
5.10 Consolidation of data
5.11. Statistical techniques used for analysis
5.12. Method of analysis
5.13. Findings
5.13.1. Psychological Variables
5.13.2. Demographic Variables
5.14. Conclusions
5.15. Suggestions for further research.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
1 APPENDIX: 1 Personal Data Schedule
2 APPENDIX: 2 Stress Inventory - Draft
3 APPENDIX: 3 The PI, Put, Phi, and P values of the subclass of Stress inventory
4 APPENDIX: 4 Stress Inventory - Final form
5 APPENDIX: 5 Type A Behaviour Inventory - Draft
6 APPENDIX: 6 The PI, Pu, Phi, and P values of the Type A Behaviour Inventory
7 APPENDIX: 7 Type A Behaviour Inventory - Final Form
8 APPENDIX: 8 Depression Inventory - Draft
9 APPENDIX: 9 The PI, Pu, Phi, and P values of the Depression Inventory
10 APPENDIX: 10 Depression Inventory - Final Form
11 APPENDIX: 11 State- Trait Personality Inventory - Draft
12 APPENDIX: 12 The PI, Pu, Phi, and P values of the State – Trait personality Inventory
13 APPENDIX: 13 State - Trait Personality Inventory - Final
14 APPENDIX: 14 Personality Inventory
15 APPENDIX: 15 Generalised T Scale
16 APPENDIX: 16 Self Esteem Inventory
17 APPENDIX: 17 Stress Inventory - English
18 APPENDIX: 18 Type A Behaviour Inventory - English
19 APPENDIX: 19 Depression Inventory- English
20 APPENDIX: 20 State - Trait Personality Inventory- English
21 APPENDIX: 21 Personality Inventory- English
22 APPENDIX: 22 Generalised T Scale- English
23 APPENDIX: 23 Self Esteem Inventory- English