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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • GLOSSARY
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Importance of study
  • 1.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • 1.3.1 Electric Power and Economic Development
  • 1.3.2 Hydro power generation
  • 1.3.3 Kerala-Power Sector
  • 1.3.4 Reasons for the energy crisis
  • 1.3.5 Measures adopted to solve the crisis- Its Impacts:
  • 1.3.6 Power crisis-2000
  • 1.3.7 Possible solution to the crisis
  • 1.3.8 Small Hydro power
  • 1.3.9 Arguments against SHP
  • 1.3.10 SHP in rural development
  • 1.3.1 1 Kerala- Small Hydro Power Projects.
  • 1.3.12 Chinese experience on SHP
  • 1.3.13 Economic Analysis of small hydro power projects
  • 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
  • 1.5 HYPOTHESIS
  • 1.6 ECONOMICAL AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK TO THEPROPOSED STUDY
  • 1.6.1 MetHods to analyse Financial Effectiveness (Effiency) of a project
  • 1.6.2 Method to analyse the project riskpayback period
  • 1.6.3 Economic study of a public project:
  • 1.6.4 Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA)
  • 1.6.5 Difficulties and limitations of economic study of public projects:
  • 1.7 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY
  • 1.8 SCHEME OF STUDY:
  • 1.9 LIMITATIONS
  • 2 A CRITIQUE ON MAJOR SOURCES OF POWERGENERATION
  • 2.1 Progress And Trends In Power Generation In India
  • 2.2 Major Means Of Electricity Generation: A Critique Of Thermal And Mega Hydro Power Projects
  • 2.3 NUCLEAR POWER
  • 2.4 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
  • 2.4.1 Biomass and Gasifier Technology
  • 2.4.2 Wind power:
  • 2.4.3 Solar energy:
  • 2.4.4 Small hydro power (SHP)
  • 2.5 Comparison of Small Hydro Power with Other Renewable Technologies
  • 2.6 Conclusion
  • 3 THE POWER SECTOR OF KERALA-AN OVERVIEW
  • 3.1 Characteristic features and potential of Kerala
  • 3.1.1 Topography
  • 3.1.2 Rainfall
  • 3.1.3 Rivers
  • 3.1.4 Hydro power potential:
  • 3.2 The growth of Power Sector in Kerala
  • 3.2.1 The Trends And Patterns Of Development CM Power Sector Of KeraJa InThe Plan Periods
  • 3.3 A CRITIQUE ON KERALA POWER SYSTEM
  • 3.3.1 Hydro-thermal mix (Ratio between Hydropower and Thermal power]
  • 3.3.2 The demand-supply gap
  • 3.3.3 Transmission and Distribution Losses (T & D losses)
  • 3.3.4 Disparity in Share in Consumption and Revenue Mobilisation: -
  • 3.3.5 Disparities in rural and urban consumption: -
  • 3.3.6 Tariff system
  • 3.3.7 Kerala State Electricity Board - the financial scene
  • 3.4 Conclusion
  • 4 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF SMALL HYDROPOWER: CHINA AS A MODEL OF SHP DEVELOPMENT
  • 4.1 Ev0lution of smull Hydro power: International Experience
  • 4.2 Potential of Small Hydropower
  • 4.3 Application advantages of SHP
  • 4.4 CHINA: A MODEL FOR SHP DEVELOPMENT
  • 4.4.1 History of SHP Development in China
  • 4.4.2 Potential and features of SHP resources in China
  • 4.4.3 Definition and classification of SHP in China
  • 4.4.4 SHP based electrification planning
  • 4.4.5 Construction of an SHP station
  • 4.4.6 Policies adopted for SHP development in China
  • 4.4.7 Primary Rural Electrification (RE) programme
  • 4.4.8 Achievements of primary RE programme
  • 4.4.9 Financial Evaluation:
  • 4.4.10 Socio-economic and environmental impacts of SHP development
  • 4.4.11 Limitations of SHP and corrective measures
  • 4.5 Kerala and China
  • 4.6 Conclusion
  • 5 SMALL HYDRO POWER PROJECTS OF KERALA
  • 5.1 Estirnates Of SHP Potential In Kerala
  • 5.2 SHP projects of Kerala.
  • 5.3 The Chinese co-operation projects
  • 5.4 Independent and captive SHP schemes
  • 5.5 Panchayat owned SHP schemes
  • 5.6 IKTC -Western Ghats Small Hydel Programme (WGSHP)
  • 5. 7 DecentralisedlIsolated SHP schemes
  • 5.8 Financial Assistance from Central Agencies
  • 5.9 A BRlEF DlSCUSSlON ON THE COMMISSIONED SHP SCHEMES
  • 5.10 GENERAL CONCEPTS ON SHP
  • 5.11 A STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEAN COSTPER KW OF SHP PROJECTS:
  • 5.11.1 Cost Per kw of Installed Capacity of SHP - Its Variations, Characteristics Estimated from the Sample
  • 5.11.2 Test of Normality by using property of normal curve
  • 5.11.3 Sampling distribution of
  • 5.11.4 Estimation Theory
  • 5.11.5 95% confidence interval for population mean p using studentt distribution
  • 5.12 IMPORTANT FACTORS LNFLUENCING PROSPECTS OF SHP
  • 5.13 Conclusion
  • 6 BENEFIT -COST ANALYSIS OF SMALL HYDRO POWERPROJECTS
  • 6.1 THEORETICAL APPROACH
  • 6.1.1 Tirne value of Investment: the Neo-classical approach on investment
  • 6.1.2 SHP Technology in search of Markets: Three options
  • 6.2 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF SHP: BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
  • 6.2.1 COST CALCULATION
  • 6.2.2 bENEFIT CALCULATION
  • 6.3 TIME VALUE ANALYSIS-THE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW METHOD
  • 6.4 VIABILITY EVALUATION OF PROJECTS: PROFITABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY INDICES
  • 6.5 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF SHP PROJECTS OF KERALA:
  • 6.6 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS-1.KALLADA IRRIGATION SHP (1SMW-WEB)
  • 6.6.1 Salient features: Kallada irrigation SHP
  • 6.6.2 BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS-Kallada irrigation SHP
  • 6.7 PEPPARA SMALL HYDRO POWER PROJECT - (3 MW) - (KSEB)
  • 6.7.1 Salient features
  • 6.7.2 BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS -Peppara SHP.
  • 6.8 MADUPETTY SHP- 2 MW- KSEB:
  • 6.8.1 Salient features: Madupetty:
  • 6.8.2 BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS - MADUPETTY:
  • 6.9 MANlYAR SHP -12MW -Captive-CarborandumUniversal Ltd.
  • 6.9.1 Salient features: Maniyar SHP
  • 6.9.2 BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS -MANIYAR SHP
  • 6.10 CHEMBUKADAVU STAGE 1-2.7 MW-KSEB
  • 6.11 LOWER MEENMUTTY SHP PROJECT -3.5 MW- KSEB
  • 6.12 MEENVALLOM SHP-3MW -Palakkad Small Hydro Company:.
  • 6.13 ARIPPARA SHP -3MW-ARIPPARA PANCHAYATH
  • 6.14 THULAPALLY MICRO HYDRO POWER PROJECT ZOKW:
  • 6.15 GENERALISATION FROM CASE STUDY ANALYSIS:
  • 6.16 SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS OF SHP PROJECTS
  • 6.17 The Conclusion
  • 7 CONCLUSION
  • APPENDIX
  • ANNEXURE
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • BOOKS
  • ARTICLES
  • THESES
  • PUBLICATIONS AND SEMINAR REPORTS:
  • MAGAZINES, SOUVENIRS AND DAILIES: