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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
I. DESIGN OF THE STUDY
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Consumer cooperative societies
1.3 Review of literature
1.4 Statement of the problem
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Hypotheses
1.7 Scope of the study
1.8 Methodology
a) Sample Selection
b) Period of Study
c) Sources of Data
d) Tools of Analysis
e) Limitations of the Study
1.9 Scheme of the study
II. CONSUMER COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN INDIA
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Consumer cooperative movements in Asia
2.3 Consumer cooperative movements in India
2.1 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies during the post World War I period (1921 to 1929)
2.2 Number of primary consumers cooperative societies and membership in primary consumers cooperative societies in India during World War 11 (1940 to 1945)
2.4 Progress of consumer cooperative movement in India under the Five Year Plans
2.3 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in India during the period 1946-47 to 1949-50.
2.4 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies (1960-1989) in India
2.5 Primary consumers cooperative societies - state-wise number of consumers cooperative stores (1988-89)
2.6 State-wise details of primary consumers cooperative societies in India during the period 1960-61 to 1988-89.
2.7 Membership in primary consumers cooperative societies in India during the period 1960-61 to 1988-89.
2.5 The progress of consumer cooperative movement in India in the 1990s
2.8 Details of primary consumers cooperative societies in India during nineteen nineties.
2.6 District wholesale consumers cooperative stores in India
2.1 The growth of primary consumer cooperative stores in India during nineteen nineties
2.9 Progress of consumers cooperative wholesale stores in India (1949-50 to 1959-60)
2.10 Progress of central / wholesale consumers cooperative stores in India during the period 1960-61 to 1988-89.
2.11 Progress of wholesale consumers cooperative stores in India (1989-90 to 1996-97)
2.7 State cooperative consumers federation
2.12 Progress of State Cooperative Consumers Federations in India (1973-74 to 1998-99)
2.8 The National Cooperative Consumers Federation of India Limited (NCCF)
2.13 Sales turnover of National Cooperative Consumers Federation (1974-75 to 1991-92)
2.9 Consumer cooperative movement in Kerala
2.10 Primary consumer cooperatives in Kerala
2.14 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1956 to 1977)
2.15 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1982-83 to 1987-88)
2.16 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1999-95)
2.17 Primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala - Progress in Membership (1988-89 to 1994-95)
2.18 Total paid-up capital of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1994-95)
2.19 Total sales turnover in the primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1994-95)
2.20 The percentage share of profit making primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1994-95)
2.21 Status of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala as on 31-3-1998
2.11 District wholesale consumers cooperative stores in Kerala
2.22 District wholesale consumers cooperative stores in Kerala (1956 1985)
2.23 Performance of wholesale consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1985-86 to 1994-95)
2.12 The Kerala State Cooperative Consumers Federation Limited (Consumerfed)
2.24 Progress of Kerala State Cooperative Consumers Federation Limited (1974-1989)
2.25 Average monthly sales of Consumerfed during the period 1990-91 to 1997-98.
2.26 Gross profit margin of Consumerfed (1990-91 to 1997-98)
2.27 Net profit margin of Consumerfed (1990-91 to 1997-98)
III. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY CONSUMER COOPERATIVE STORES IN KERALA
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Paid-up share capital
3.1 Paid-up share capital of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.2 Share capital contribution by the government towards the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990 91 to 1999-2000
3.3 Capital employed
3.3 Capital employed by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.4 Current assets
3.4 Current assets of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.5 Net working capital
3.5 Networking capital of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.6 Purchases
3.6 Purchases made by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.7 Sales turnover
3.7 Sales turnover made by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.8 Cost of goods sold
3.8 Cost of goods sold by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.9 Trade expenses
3.10 Establishment and contingency charges
3.9 Trade expense incurred by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.10 Establishment and contingency charge incurred by the primary consumers cooperative societies
3.11 Profit
3.11 Gross profit of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.12 Net profit of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies
3.12 Regional variations - A synoptic view
3.13 Highlights of region-wise performance of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala
3.14 Results of ANOVA
3.15 Critical difference analysis
3.13 Ratio analysis
3.16 Financial ratios in the framework of a primary consumers cooperative society
3.14 Capital employed turnover ratio
3.17 Capital employed turnover (times) in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.15 Total assets turnover ratio (times)
3.18 Total assets turnover (times) in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.16 Stock to current assets ratio
3.19 Stock to current assets in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.17 Stock turnover (times)
3.18 Current ratio
3.20 Stock turnover (times) in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.21 Current ratio in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.19 Quick assets ratio
3.22 Quick ratio in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.20 Direct operating ratio
3.23 Direct operating ratio in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.24 Trade expenses as a percentage of sales turnover in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990 91 to 1999-2000
3.21 Gross profit ratio
3.25 Establishment and contingency charges as a percentage of sales turnover in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.26 Gross profit ratio of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.22 Net profit ratio
3.27 Net profit ratio of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
3.23 Stock productivity
3.28 Stock productivity in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
IV. CUSTOMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS COOPERATIVE STORES IN KERALA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Socio-economic characteristics of the sample respondents
4.1 Membership status of sample customers.
4.2 Gender-wise classification of sample customers
4.3 Age-wise classification of sample customers
4.4 Educational status of sample customers
4.5 Occupation-wise classification of sample customers
4.6 Size of family income of the customer respondents
4.7 Religion-wise classification of sample customers
4.3 Degree of influence of cooperative education
4.4 Duration of relationship as a member of the store
4.8 Degree of influence of cooperative education on buying goods from the store
4.9 Duration of relationship as a member of the store
4.5 Distance from primary consumer store to residence
4.10 Distance from primary store to residence of sample customers
4.6 Time of visit to the store
4.7 Frequency of purchases
4.11 Usual time of visit to the store by the sample customers
4.8 Mode of payment
4.12 Frequency of purchases made by sample customers
4.13 Mode of payment used by the sample customers in consumer cooperative stores
4.9 Relationship between education and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumers cooperative stores
4.10 Relation between occupation and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the primary consumer stores
4.14 Relationship between education and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumers cooperative store
4.15 Relationship between occupation and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumer cooperative store
4.11 Relationship between size of income and average monthly purchase consumer items from the consumers cooperative store
4.16 Relationship between size of family income and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumers cooperative store
4.17 Chi-square values for explaining the association between education, occupation, monthly family income and purchases for sample respondents
4.12 Customers first preferred shops
4.18 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying food grains in Kerala
4.19 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying provisions and groceries in Kerala
4.20 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying beverages, stationery and cosmetics in Kerala.
4.21 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying vegetables and cold storage items in Kerala.
4.22 Conolidated table showing customers first preference for buying textiles in Kerala
4.23 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying utensils, gift articles and consumer durables in Kerala
4.24 The number of customers who have recorded their first preference towards primary consumers cooperative stores
4.1 Pie-chart showing the first preference towards primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala.
4.13 Determinants for store preferences
4.25 Ranks assigned to the factors influencing their purchases by the customer respondents
4.26 Summary of significant factors influencing preference towards primary consumers cooperative stores
V. COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND THE PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN KERALA
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Public distribution system in India
5.1 Utilization of PDS - Distribution of persons purchasing selected items over different sources - rural - 1986-87
5.2 Percentage of quantity of purchases from PDS to total purchases by item in India (1986-87)
5.3 Purchase from PDS to total value of purchases - rural areas state wise (1986-87)
5.4 Per capita purchase of rice and wheat from PDS in 1986-87 (kg / month)
5.5 Cereals purchased from PUS by rural bottom 20 per cent of households (1986-87)
5.3 Recent issues in public distribution system
5.6 Food grains allocations and offtake under public distribution system (Million tonnes)
5.4 Public distribution system in Kerala
5.7 Public distribution system in Kerala
5.8 Relative dependence on PDS by select fractile group of households in Kerala (Rural and Urban)
5.9 Quantity of rice and wheat distributed through PDS in Kerala (lakh tonnes)
5.5 Cooperatives in the public distribution system in Kerala
5.10 Number of authorised wholesale dealers in the PDS of Kerala
5.11 Authorised retail ration shops (public distribution centres) in Kerala
5.6 Peoples participation, consumer cooperatives and public distribution system
5.12 The nature of ownership of public distribution centres supplying public distribution system goods to the customers
5.13 Customers perceptions towards the statement that PDS supplies are satisfactory from the public distribution centres of the consumers cooperative store.
5.14 Customers opinion about the need for the involvement of consumers cooperatives in the ownership and management of public distribution centres.
5.7 Need and relevance of peoples participation
5.8 Patronage to public distribution system and consumer cooperatives under peoples campaign in Kerala
5.9 Policy perspective
5.15 Sectoral development pattern of State plan assistance component of local plans in Kerala
VI. PROBLEMS OF CONSUMER COOPERATIVE 196-231 STORES IN KERALA
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Inadequate share capital base
6.1 Average paid-up share capital of the sample primary consumers stores in Kerala
6.2 Opinion about the adequacy of share capital available with the primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala.
6.3 Limited internal resources
6.4 Shortage of working capital
6.3 Opinion about the adequacy of working capital available with the primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala
6.5 High cost of borrowings
6.6 Heavy administrative overheads
6.7 Absence of scientific purchase policy
6.8 Low volume of sales
6.9 Narrow commodity coverage of the stores
6.10 Attitudes of sales personnel
6.11 Lack of trained and experienced staff
6.12 Non-availability of preferred brands
6.13 Poor display of products
6.14 Absence of prompt set-vice
6.15 Defective pricing policy
6.16 Lack of innovative sales promotion techniques
6.17 Unplanned business operations
6.18 Lack of diversification of business
6.19 Unscientific inventory management
6.20 Lack of cooperative value education and dedicated cooperative leaders
6.21 Declining government assistance
6.22 Excess government control
6.4 Customers opinion about the need for granting assistance to the consumer cooperatives by the panchayathi raj institutions.
6.23 Insufficient infrastructural facilities
6.24 External business environment
6.25 Absence of effective linkages and integration among cooperatives
6.26 Narrow membership base and apathy of members
6.5 Consolidated table showing number of members in sample primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala
6.27 Lesser involvement of women
6.6 Reasons for not attending the general body meetings regularly
6.28 Declining role in the public distribution system
6.29 Low stock productivity
6.30 Stiff competition
6.31 Defective accounting and audit practices
6.32 Lack of professionalisation of management
6.33 Miscellaneous issues
VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Capital structure
7.3 Purchases
7.4 Sales volume
7.5 Price policy
7.6 Cost of management
7.7 Profitability
7.8 Behaviour of ratios
7.9 Inventory policies
7.10 Customer attitudes
7.11 Consumer cooperatives and public distribution system
7.12 Major problems of consumer cooperatives
7.13 Recommendations
7.14 Contribution of the researcher
7.15 Areas for future research
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II