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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1.0. Chapter Preview
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Man and Environment
1.1.3 Environmental Problems
1.1.4 Education and Environment
Fig. 1-1. Interrelated components of environmental education
1.1.5 The Concept of Environmental Education
1.1.6 Process of Environnlental Education
Fig. 1-2: Dimensions of Environmental Education
Fig. 1-3: Elements of strategy for environmental education
1.1.7 Ecological Education
Fig. 1-4. Different Aspects of Environmental Education
1.2.0 Need and Significance of the Study
1.2.1 Statement of the problem
1.2.2. Explanation of Terms
Environmental Education
Potential
Botanic Gardens
1.3.0 Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 Methodology in Brief
1.4.0 Scope and Limitations of the Study
1.5.0. Format of the Report
References
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1.0 Chapter Preview
2.1.1 Introduction
2.2.0 General literature related to total environmental education
2.2.1 Environment: Its Protection and Conservation
2.2.2 Studies on Environmental Education
2.2.3 Environmental Education Initiatives in India and some Asian Countries
2.2.4 Environment linked curriculurn
2.2.5 Out-of Classroom Activities as Learning Experience
2.2.6 Environmental Approach to Learning Biology
2.3.0 The unique role of botanic gardens in conserving the environment
2.3.1 Role of Botanic Gardens in Environmental Education
2.4.0 Summary of the Literature Review and Previous Research
Environmental education scenario
The process of environmental education
Methodology / Field visit
Environmental Education in Botanic Gardens
References
III. METHODOLOGY
3.1.0 Chapter Preview
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Objectives of the Study
3.1.3 Method adopted for the study
3.2.0 Research Design
3.2.1 Structural Analysis of Botanic Gardens
3.2.2 Content Analysis of the Textbook in Biology
3.2.3 Experimental Design
3.2.4 Model Action Plan
3.3.0 The Sample for the Study
Table 3.1 Schoolwise breakup of the sample
3.3.1 Tools and Techniques
Table 3.2 Breakup of the sample of IXth standard students used for the study
Table 3.3 Plants classified according to its habitat (pre-test)
Table 3.4 Plants classified according to its habitat (post-test)
Table 3.5 Plants classified according to its use (pretest)
Table 3.6 Plants classified according to its use (post-test)
3.3.2 Achievement Test
3.3.3 Procedure Adopted for the Experiments
Fig. 3.1. A visit through the botanic garden
Fig. 3.2. A student identifying a plant by smelling
3.3.4 Variables
3.4.0 Validity and Reliability of the Data-gathering Devices
3.5.0. Statistical Techniques Employed for Analysis of Data
References
IV. BOTANIC GARDENS
4.1.0 Chapter preview
4.1.1. Introduction
4.2.0 Botanic Gardens: The World of Plants
4.2.1 Evolution and history of botanic gardens in the world
4.2.2 Great Botanic Gardens
(i) Glasgow Botanic Garden
(ii) Munich Botanic Garden
(iii) Durham Botanic Garden
(iv) Botanic Gardens in Copenhagen
(v) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
(vi) National Botanic Garden of Wales, UK
(vii) Moscow Botanic Garden
(viii) Botanic Gardens in China
(ix) Botanic Gardens in Canada
(x) Botanic Garden in USA
(xi) Brooklyn Botanic Garden
4.2.3 Major Botanic Gardens in India: Early history and itsrole in plant conservation
(i) The Indian Botanic Garden
(ii) Government Botanic Garden, Ooty
(iii) Lalbagh Garden, Banglore
(iv) The Braynt Park, Kodaikanal
4.2.4 Botanic Gardens in the State of Kerala
(i) Zoo and Botanic Garden
(ii) Malabar Botanic Garden (MBG)
4.2.5 Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute: Palode
Fig. 4.1. TBGRI at a glance
Fig. 4.2. TBGRI another view of the garden
4.2.5.1 Garden Division
(i) Ornamental Garden
Fig. 4.3. Entrance of the Garden
Fig. 4.4. Victoria amazonica
(ii) Aquatic Plant Collections
(iii) Rock Garden
Fig. 4.5. Nepenthes khasiana
Fig. 4.6. A view of the Rock garden
(iv) Medicinal Plants
Fig. 4.7. A Collection of Medicinal Plants from each district of Kerala
Fig. 4.8. Bamboosetum
(v) Bamboosetum
(vi) Arboretum
(vii) Ferns and Fern Allies
(viii) Palms
(ix) Fruit Plants
(x) Gene Bank
xi) Seed Bank
(xii) Museum
(xiii) Herbarium (TBGT)
4.2.5.2 The Research and Development System
(i) Division of Plant Biotechnology
(ii) Division of Microbiology
(iii) Division of Phytochemistry
(iv) Division of Ethnomedicine
(v) Division of Ethnopharmacology
(vi) Division of Conservation Biology
(vii) Division of Plant Systematics & Evolutionary Biology
(viii) Division of Cryptogamic Botany
(ix) Division of Ecological Economics and Environmental Planning
4.3.0 Contribution of TBGRI in Environmental Education
Fig. 4.9. Students in the garden (Environmental Education Programme)
Fig. 4.10. Students in the process of plant identification
Environmental Education Training Programmes at TBGRI
4.4.0 Discussion and Analytical Observation
4.4.1 Resources and Facilities in a Botanic Garden for Environmental Education
4.1.2 Role of Botanic Gardens in Environmental Education
Learning Centre
Research Centre
Commercial centre
Fun centre
Conservation centre
CONCLUSION
Reference
V. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
5.1.0 Chapter Preview
5.2.0 Section A: Analysis of Botany Textbooks
5.2.1 Analysis of Science Textbook of Standard V
Table 5.1 Standard V: Analysis of Examples of Plants according to their habitat, economic importance and availability in Botanic Garden
5.2.2 Analysis of Science Textbook of Standard VI
Table 5.2 Standard VI: Analysis of Examples of Plants according to their habitat, economic importance and availability in Botanic Garden
5.2.3 Analysis of Science Textbook of Standard VII
Table 5.3 Standard VII: Analysis of Examples of Plants according to their habitat, economic importance and availability in Botanic Garden
5.2.4 Analysis of the Biology Textbook of Standard VIII
Table 5.4 Standard VIII: Analysis of Examples of Plants according to their habitat, economic importance and availability in Botanic Garden
5.2.5 Analysis of the Biology Textbook of Standard IX
Table 5.5 Standard IX: Analysis of Examples of Plants according to their habitat, economic importance and availability in Botanic Garden
5.2.6 Analysis of the Biology Textbook of Standard X
5.2.7 Major findings
CONCLUSION
5.3.0 Section B
5.3.1 Experiment-1: Effect of Field Study on Plant Identification
Plant Identification Experiment
Stability of Sample Statistics
Stability of scores for the skill in Identifying plants
Table 5.6. Summary of the Statistical Constants for Pre-test and Post-test Scores in Identifying Plants (Different Types)
Table 5.7 Confidence Interval of plant Identification scores and variability of population mean and standard deviation.
Performance of Students in Identifying Different Types of Plants
Table 5.8 Percentiles of the pre- and post-test
Data and results of the post-test
Table 5.9. Students skill in Identifying Plants Which Are Rare in the Students Immediate Vicinity (Pre-test)
Effect of Visit to Botanic Garden on Students Skill in Identifying Plants
Table 5.10 Data and Results of Test of Significance for the Difference Between the Means of Pre-test Scores and Post-test Scores of Students, in Their Skill in Identifying Plants
Performance of Students in ldentifying Medicinal Plants
Table 5.11. Summary of the Statistical Constants for Pre-test and Post-test Scores in Identifying Medicinal Plants.
Table 5.12: Percentiles of the pre- and post-test (Medicinal Plants)
Post-test scores (medicinal plants)
Table 5.13 Number and Percentage of Students who Identified Rare Medicinal Plants After Field Visit (Post-test)
Table 5.14 Data and Results of Test of Significance for the Difference between the Means of Pretest Scores and Posttest scores in Identifying Medicinal Plants (N = 50)
5.4.1 Experiment-II
Effect of Field Study on Achievement of Students in Botany
Students awareness about the plants
Table 5.15 Students Awareness about Certain Common Medicinal Plants
Table 5.16 Students Awareness about Plants Associated with Culture
Table 5.17 Students Awareness about Plants Described in the Syllabus
Stability and dependability of sample statistics
Table 5.18 Summary of the Statistical Constants for Pre-test and Post-test Scores in the Achievement in Botany
Table 5.19 Confidence Interval of the Achievement Test Scores and Variability of Population Mean and Standard Deviation.
Comparison of the Rural-Urban Difference in the Achievement of Students
Table 5.20 Data and Results of Test of Significance for the Difference between the MeanPre-test and Post-test Scores of the Students (N=60) in Their Achievement in Botany
Table 5.21 Data and Results of Test of Significance for the Difference between the Means of Sub samples on the Pre achievement test
Effect of the demonstration of plants in the Botanic Garden on the achievement of rural and urban students
Table 5.22 Data and Results of the Test of Significance for the Difference between the Means of Post-test of the Rural and Urban Students in their Achievement in Botany
5.5.0 Major findings
CONCLUSIONS
5.4.0 Section C
5.4.1 Biodiversity Conservation - A model Action Plan
Forest Plants for Sustainability
5.3.5 Under Exploited Plant Resources
5.3.6 Medicinal Plants
Fig. 5.1 Kaempferia galanga
Fig. 5.2 Saraca asoca
Fig. 5.3 Trichopus zeylanicus
Fig. 5.4 Cycas circinalis
1.3.5 Plants as indicators and biomonitors of air pollution
Environmental Study Model
Teaching / Learning Competencies
CONCLUSION
VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
6.1.0 The study in retrospect
6.1.1. Objectives of the Study
6.1.2 Methodology in brief
Research Design
Structural Analysis of Botanic Gardens
Content Analysis of the Textbook in Biology
Experimental Design
Model Action Plan
The Sample for the Study
6.2.0 Major Findings
6.2.1 Analyses of the Potentials of major Botanic Gardens
Resources and facilities in a botanic garden for environmental education
6.2.2 Role of Botanic Gardens in Environmental Education
Learning Centre
Conservation Centre
6.2.3. Content analysis of the Biology Textbooks
6.2.4. Major Findings of the Experimental Study
6.3.0 Conclusions and Suggestions
6.3.1. Analysis of the infrastructure in Botanic Gardens
6.3.2 Analysis of the Biology textbooks
6.3.3 Analysis of the experimental results
6.4.0 Implication of the study
6.5.0. Suggestions for further research
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX - A List of Plants Exhibited for Plant Identification (Pre-test)
APPENDIX - B Response Sheet (Pre Test)
APPENDIX - B Response Sheet (Pre Test) English
APPENDIX - C List of Plants Exhibited for Plant Identification (Post-test)
APPENDIX - D Response Sheet (Pre Test)
APPENDIX - D Response Sheet (Pre Test) English
APPENDIX - E Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute - Questionnaire
APPENDIX - E Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute - Questionnaire English
APPENDIX - F Scoring Key
List of Schools Participated in theEnvironmental Education Programme