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TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Near Space Environment
1.1.1 Ionosphere
1.1.2 Stratification of Ionosphere
1.1.3 D-region
1.1.4 E-region
1.1.5 E-Region Irregularities
1.1.6 F-region
1.1.7 F-regional irregularities
1.2 Plasma Instabilities
1.3 Scintillations of Satellite Radio Beacons
1.4 Theory of Ionospheric Radiowave Scintillations
1.4.1 Scintillation Indices (S.1)
1.4.2 Scope and Technological Aspects of Scintillations
2 Ionospheric Scintillations at Anomaly Crest Zone
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sunspots
2.3 Solar Emissions
2.4 Solar Origin of Geomagnetic Activity
2.5 Geomagnetic Variations
2.6 Ionospheric Scintillations at Anomaly Crest
2.6.1 Receiving and Recording Equipments
Fig. 1 Block diagram of VHF scintillation system
2.7 Results & Discussions
2.7.1 Scintillation activity at Bhopal (General Features)
2.7.2 Seasonal 1 Diurnal I Solar Variation
2.7.3 Influence of Geomagnetic Disturbances
2.8 Conclusions
3 Equatorial Scintillation and Spread-F
3.1 Introduction
3.1 Data Base Development and Method of Analysis
3.2 General Characteristics of F-layer Equatorial Irregularities
3.3 Morphology from Scintillation Measurements
3.4 Characteristics of Internationally Quiet andInternationally Disturbed Days
3.5 Scintillation and Spread-F
3.6 Equatorial Plasma Bubble Dynamics
3.7 Results and Discussions
3.8 Conclusions
4 Influence of Non-recurrent Geomagnetic Activity at Low Latitudes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Source
4.3 Review and General characteristics of Geomagnetic storms
4.4 Classification of Storms
4.5 Observed Ionospheric Response
4.5.1 Equatorial response to the storms
4.5.2 Storms influence at the anomaly crest
4.6 Results and Discussions
4.7 Conclusions
5 Electrostatic Instabilities in Multi-Ion Plasmas-I
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cold Plasma Theory:
5.3 Warm Plasma Theory:
5.4 Results
5.5 Conclusions
6 Electrostatic Instabilities in Multi-Ion Plasmas-II
6. 1 Introduction
6.2 The Dispersion Relation
6.2. 1 CASE (i): Hot 0 and 0-ions
6.2.2 CASE (ii): Cold 0 and 0- ions
6.2. 3 CASE (iii): Hot O+ and Cold 0- ions
6.3 Discussion
6.3.1 CASE (i): HOT Of and 0- ions
6.3.2 CASE (ii): Cold 0 and 0- ions
6.3.3 CASE (iii): Hot 0 and Cold 0-ions:
6.4 Results
6.5 Conclusions
References