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Thesis Details
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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
I. FAMILY MENTAL HEALTH: CONCEPT, VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT ISSUES.
INTRODUCTION
A. THE CONCEPT OF FAMILY MENTAL HEALTH
B. VARIABLES OF FAMILY MENTAL HEALTH AND THEIR MEASUREMENT
1. Total Family Functioning
(a) Circumplex Model of Family Functioning
(b) The McMaster Model of Family Functioning
(c) Structural Model of Familv Functioning
Measurement of Total Family Functioning
a. Beavers - Timberlawn Family Evaluation Scale
b. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales
c. Family Assessment Measure
d. Family Assessment Device
e. Family Concept Assessment Method
f. Family Environment Scale
g. Structural Family Interaction Scale
2. Quality of Marital Life
A. Theories of Marital Quality
(i) Theory of Marital Satisfaction
(ii) Exchange Theory of Marital Quality
B. Measurement of Marital Quality
i) The Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS)
ii) The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS)
iii) Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI)
iv) The Quality Marriage Index (QMI)
v) Marital Quality Scale (MQS)
3. Subjective Well -Being
A. Theories of Subjective Well-Being
i) Endpoint or Telic Theories
ii) Activity Theories
B. Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
1.1 Subjective Well-Being Scales
C. lssues in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
CONCLUSION
II. PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF DUAL EARNER FAMILIES: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
INTRODUCTION
A. Impact of Womens Employment on Family Functioning
B. Impact of Womens Employment on Mamage and Marital Relationship.
C. Impact of Employment on the Psychological Well-Being of Working Wives
D. Psychological Well-Being of Male Spouse in Dual Earner Families
E. Impact of Maternal En~ploymenot n Children in Dual Earner Families
CONCLUSION
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
INTRODUCTION
Statement of the Problem
Scope of the study
Aim of the Study
Specific Objectives of the Study
Operational Definition of Terms
A. Dual Earner Family
B. Traditional Single Earner Family
C. Family Life Cycle
D. Family Functioning
E. Quality of Marital Life
F. Subjective Well-Being
C. Role Commitmerrt
H. Role Reward Value
I. Adolescent
Measurement of Relevant Variables
1. Family Functiouing
2. Quality of Marital Life
3. Subjective Well-Being
4. Role Commitment and Role Reward Value
5. Mental Health of Adolescents
Hypotheses
RESEARCH DESIGN
Universe of the Study
Unit of the Study
Method and Procedure of Sampling
Pilot Study
Tools of Data Collectiort
1. Socio-demographic Data Sheet
2. Family Adaptability & Cohesion Evaluation Scales III (FACES III)
3. Marital Quality Scale (MQS)
4. Subjective Well-Being Inventory (SWBI)
5. Life Role Salience Scales (LRSS)
Pre-Testing
Data Collection
Data Processing and Analysis
CHAPTERISATION
Limitations of the Study
IV. FAMILY FUNCTIONING IN DUAL EARNER AND TRADITIONAL SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES.
INTRODUCTION
PART I: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND OCCUPATIONAL FEATURES
A. Age of Spouses
4.1 Age-wise Distribution of Male Spouses
4.2 Statistical Details of Age of Male Spouses
4.3 Analysis of Variance of Age of Male Spouses
4.4 Age-wise Distribution of Female Spouses
4.5 Statistical Details of Age of Female Spouses
B. Religious Orientation of the Families
4.6 Analysis of Variance of Age of Female Spouses
4.7 Religion of the Families
C. Educational Qualification of Spouses
4.8 Educational Qualification of Male Spouses
4.9 Educational Qualification of Female Spouses
D. Occupation of Spouses
4.10 Occupation of Male Spouses
4.11 Occupation of Female Spouses
E. Job Tenure of Spouses
4.12 Job Tenure of Male Spouses
4.13 Statistical Details of Job Tenure of Male Spouses
4.14 Analysis of Variance of Job Tenure of Male Spouses
4.15 Job Tenure of Female Spouses
F. Promotions Obtained by Spouses in Their Job
4.16 Statistical Details of Job Tenure of Female Spouses
4.17 Number of Promotions Obtained by Male Spouses
4.18 Statistical Details of Job Tenure of Male Spouses
4.19 Number of Promotions Obtained by Female Spouses
G. Salary of Spouses
4.20 Statistical Details of Job Tenure of Female Spouses
4.21 Salary of Male Spouses
4.22 Statistical Details of Salary Drawn by Male Spouses
4.23 Analysis of Variance of Salary of Male Spouses
4.24 Monthly Salary of Female Spouses
4.25 Statistical Details of Salary Drawn by Female Spouses
4.26 Analysis of Variance of Salary of Female Spouses
H. Occupational Status at the Time of Marriage
4.27 Duration of Break in Career for Female Spouses
4.28 Occupational Status of Male Spouses at Marriage
4.29 Occupational Status of Female Spouses at Marriage
PART Il: PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF THE FAMJLY GROUPS
4.30 Levels of Family Cohesion in the Study Groups
4.1 Levels of Family Cohesion
4.31 Statistical Details of Cohesion of the Three Family Groups.
4.32 Distribution of Levels of Family Cohesion by Family Type
4.33 Levels of Family Adaptability in the Study Groups
4.2 Levels of Family Adaptability
4.34 Statistical Details of Family Adaptability of the Three Family Groups
4.35 Classification of Level of Family Adaptability by Family Type
Total Family Functioning of the Study Group
4.3 The Circumplex Grid
4.4 Balanced Mid-Range and Extreme type of Families
4.36 Family Types of Study Groups According to Family Functioning
4.37 Classification of Balanced Mid-range and Extreme Types of Families
4.5 Type of Family Functioning
4.38 Classification of Type of Family Functioning According to Family Life Cycles
4.6 Type of Family Functioning by Family Life Cycle
V. QUALITY OF MARITAL LIFE AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF SPOUSES IN DUAL EARNER AND TRADITIONAL SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES.
INTRODUCTION
PART - I: QUALITY OF MARITAL LIFE OF SPOUSES IN DUALEARNER AND SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES.
5.1 Duration of Marriage of Couples
5.2 Statistical Details of Duration of Marriage
5.3 Analysis of Variance of Duration of Marriage
A. Understanding Dimension of Marital Quality
5.4 Understanding Score of Spouses
5.5 Analysis of Variance of Understanding Score of Spouses
B. Rejection Dimension of Marital Quality
5.6 Rejection Score of Spouses
5.7 Analysis of Variance of Rejection Score of Spouses
C. Satisfaction Dimension of Marital Quality
5.8 Satisfaction Score of Spouses
D. Affection Dimension of Marital Quality
5.9 Analysis of Variance of Satisfaction Score of Spouses
5.10 Affection Score of Spouses
E. Despair Dimension of Marital Quality
5.11 Analysis of Variance of Affection Score of Spouses
5.12 Despair Score of Spouses
5.13 Analysis of Variance of Despair Score of Spouses
F. Decision Making Dimension of Marital Quality
5.14 Decision Making Score of Spouses
5.15 Analysis of Variance of Decision Making Score of Spouses
G. Discontent Dimension of Marital Quality
5.16 Discontent Score of Spouses
H. Dissolution Potential Dimension of Marital Quality
5.17 Analysis of Variance of Discontent Score of Spouses
5.18 Dissolution Potential Score of Spouses
I. Dominance Dimension of Marital Quality
5.19 Analysis of Variance of Dissolution Potential Score of Spouses
5.20 Dominance Score of Spouses
J. Self-Disclosure Dimension of Marital Quality
5.21 Analysis of Variance of Dominance Score of Spouses
5.22 Self-Disclosure Score of Spouses
K. Trust Dimension of Marital Quality
5.23 Analysis of Variance of Self-Disclosure Score of Spouses
5.24 Trust Score of Spouses
5.25 Analysis of Variance of Trust Score of Spouses
L. Role Functioning Dimension of Marital Quality
5.26 Role Functioning Score of Spouses
5.27 Analysis of Variance of Role Functioning Score of Spouses
5.28 Total Mean Score of Marital Quality
5.29 Analysis of Variance of Total Score of Marital Quality
5.1 Mean Score of Marital Quality of Spouses
5.30 Marital Quality of Couples According to Family Life Cycles
5.2 Marital Quality Score of Couples by Family Life Cycle
5.31 Analysis of Variance of Marital Quality Score Over Family Life Cycles
PART - II: SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF COUPLES IN DUALEARNER AND SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES
A. Subjective Well-Being - Positive Affect
5.32 Positive Affect Score of Husbands and Wives
B. Expectation - Achievement Congruence
5.33 Expectation-Achievement Congruence Score of Husbands and Wives
C. Confidence in Coping
5.34 Confidence in Coping of Husbands and Wives
D. Transcendence
5.35 Transcendence Score of Spouses
E. Family Group Support
5.36 Perception of Family Group Support of Spouses
F. Social Support
5.37 Perception of Social Support of the Spouses
G. Primary Group Concern
5.38 Primary Group Concern of Spouses
H. Inadequate Mental Mastery
5.39 Inadequate Mental Mastery Score of Spouses
I. Perceived Ill-health
5.40 Perceived Ill-Health Score of Spouses
J. Deficiency in Social Contacts
5.41 Deficiency in Social Contacts of Spouses
K. General Well-being - Negative Affect
5.42 General Well-Being: Negative Score of Spouses
CONCLUSION
VI. ROLE EXPECTATIONS OF COUPLES IN DUAL EARNER AND SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES.
INTRODUCTION
A. Occupational Role Reward Value of Spouses
6.1 Occupational Role Reward Value of Male Spouses
6.2 Occupational Role Reward Value of Female Spouses
6.1 Occupational Role Reward Value of Husbands
6.2 Occupational Role Reward Value of Wives
6.3 Statistical Details of Occupational Role Reward Value of Male and Female Spouses
B. Occupational Role Commitment of Spouses
6.4 Occupational Role Commitment of Male Spouses
6.5 Occupational Role Commitment Female Spouses
6.3 Occupational Role Commitment of Husbands
6.4 Occupational Role Commitment of Wives
6.6 Statistical Details of Occupational Role Commitment of Male and Female Spouses
C. Parental Role Reward Value of Spouses
6.7 Parental Role Reward Value of Male Spouses
6.8 Parental Role Reward Value of Female Spouses
6.5 Parental Role Reward Value of Husbands
6.6 Parental Role Reward Value of Wives
6.9 Statistical Details of Parental Role Reward Value of Male and Female Spouses
D. Parental Role Commitment of Spouses
6.10 Parental Role Commitment of Male Spouses
6.11 Parental Role Commitment of Female Spouses
6.12 Statistical Details of Parental Role Commitment of Male and Female Spouses
6.7 Parental Role Commitment of Husbands
6.8 Parental Role Commitment of Wives
E. Marital Role Reward Value of Spouses
6.13 Marital Role Reward Value of Male Spouses
6.14 Marital Role Reward Value of Female Spouses
6.9 Marital Role Reward Value of Husbands
6.10 Marital Role Reward Value of Wives
6.15 Statistical Details of Marital Role Reward Value of Male and Female Spouses
F. Marital Role Commitment of Spouses
6.16 Marital Role Commitment of Male Spouses
6.17 Marital Role Commitment of Female Spouses
6.11Marital Role Commitment of Husbands
6.12 Marital Role Commitment of Wives
6.18 Statistical Details of Marital Role Commitment Value of Male and Female Spouses
G. Homecare Role Reward Value of Spouses
6.19 Relationship of Marital Quality with Marital Role Reward Value and Marital Role Commitment
6.20 Homecare Role Reward Value of Male Spouses
6.21 Homecare Role Reward Value of Female Spouses
6.22 Statistical Details of Homecare Role Reward Value of Male and Female Spouses
6.13 Homecare Role Reward Value of Husbands
6.14 Homecare Role Reward Value of Wives
H. Homecare Role Commitment of Spouses
6.23 Homecare Role Commitment of Male Spouses
6.24 Homecare Role Commitment of Female Spouses
6.15 Homecare Role Commitment of Husbands
6.16 Homecare Role Commitment of Wives
6.25 Statistical Details of Homecare Role Commitment of Male and Female Spouses
6.26 Mean Scores of Family and Work Role Reward Value and Commitment of Male Spouses
6.27 Mean Scores of Family and Work Role Reward Value and Commitment of Female Spouses
CONCLUSION
VII. CHILDREN IN DUAL EARNER AND SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES AND THEIR MENTAL HEALTH.
INTRODUCTION
PART I: BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF CHILDREN lN DUA LEARNER AND SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES
A. Number of Children in a Family
7.1 Number of Children in the Three Family Groups
B. Age of Children
7.2 Statistical Details of Number of Children
7.3 Age-wise Distribution of Children
7.4 Statistical Details of Age of Children
C. Sex of Children in the Study Groups
7.5 Sex-wise Distribution of Children
D. Educational Background of Children
7.6 Educational Status of Children
PART II: MENTAL HEALTH STATUS OF CHILDREN IN DUAL EARNER AND SINGLE EARNER FAMILIES
A. Optimism of Adolescent Children
7.7 Level of Optimism of Children
B. Adaptability of Adolescent Children
7.8 Adaptability of Adolescent Children
C. Sense of Security of Children
7.9 Sense of Security of Children
D. Regularity of Habits of Adolescents
7.10 Regularity of Habits of Adolescents
E. Perception of Reality of Adolescents
7.11 Perception of Reality of Children
F. Emotional Maturity
7.12 Emotional Maturity of Adolescents
G. Social Conformity
7.13 Social Conformity of Adolescents
H. Freedom from Sociopathic Tendencies
I. Recreational Pursuits
7.14 Freedom from Sociopathic Tendencies
J. Mastery of Environment of Adolescent Children
7.15 Recreational Pursuits of Adolescents
K Positive Attitude Towards Self
7.16 Mastery of Environment of Adolescents
L. Positive Attitude Towards Others
7.17 Positive Attitude Towards Self of Adolescents
M. Freedom from Negativism
7.18 Positive Attitude Towards Others of Adolescents
7.19 Freedom from Negativism of Adolescents
N. Freedom from Nervous Symptoms
7.20 Freedom from Nervous Symptoms of Adolescents
0. Freedom from Withdrawing Tendencies
7.21 Freedom from Withdrawing Tendencies
P. Concept of Degree of Freedom
7.22 Concept of Degrees of Freedom of Adolescents
Q. Mental Health Status of Adolescents
7.23 Mental Health Status of Adolescents
7.1 Mental Health Status of Adolescents
7.24 Inter-group Comparison of Mental Health of Adolescents
PART III: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARITAL QUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN
7.25 Relationship Between Marital Quality and Mental Health of Adolescents
CONCLUSION
VIII. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS.
INTRODUCTION
PART I: MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
A: Psychological Functioning of Dual Earner and Traditional Single Earner Families.
B. Quality of Marital Life of Spouses in Dual Earner and Traditional Single Earner Families
C. Subjective Well-Being of Male and Female Spouses
D. Role Reward Value and Role Commitment of Male and Female Spouses
E. Mental Health of Adolescent Children
PART II: SUGGESTIONS
1. Mental Health Promotion Programmes for the Dual Earner Families
2. Marital Enrichment Programmes for the Traditional Single EarnerCouples
3. School Mental Health Programmes for Children
4. Family Life Education Programmes for Changing the Traditional SexRole Orientation of Husbands
5. Setting up Family Counseling Centers
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
I SCREENING CHECK-LIST
II.A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE MALE SPOUSE
II.B QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE FEMALE SPOUSE
II.C QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE ADOLESCENT
III STRUCTURE, SCORING PATTERN AND NORMS FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF SCALES USED IN THE STUDY