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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Cancer, An Overview
1.2 Historical development
1.3 Cancer Cell
1.4 Different Types of Cancers
CARCINOGENESIS
1.5 Chemical Carcinogenesis
1.5.1 Tumour Initiation
1.5.2 Tumour Promotion
1.5.3 Tumour Progression
1.5.4 PRINCIPLES OF TUMOUR PROMOTION
1.5.4.1. Protein Kinase C Activity and Tumour Promotion
1.5.4.2 Free Radicals and Tumour Promotion
1.5.5 PROMOTING AGENTS IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
1.5.6.INDUCTION OF CANCER BY VIRUSES
1.5.7 CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS AND ONCOGENES
1.5.8 CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION
1.5.9 COMPOUNDS TESTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS
1.5.10. Chemoprevention of Clinical Trials
1.5.11. Inhibition of Carcinogenesis by Plant Products andMinor Dietary constituents
1.6. RATIONALE FOR CANCER THERAPY DEVELOPMENT
1.6.1. Surgery
1.6.2. Radiation Therapy
1.6.3. PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT)
1.6.4. IMMUNOTHERAPY
1.6.5. HORMONAL THERAPY
1.6.6. CHEMOTHERAPY TO THE CONTROL OF CANCER
Fig.1. Mechanism of action of anticancer drugs.
CLASSES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Fig: 2. The intermtion of Cisplatin with intracellular molecules.
1.7. ROLE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS IN THE TREATMENT OFCANCER
1.7.1. DEVELOPMENT OF ANTICANCER DRUGS FROM PLANTS
1.8 ANTICANCER RESEARCH ON MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIA
1.8.1 STUDIES ON ASHOKA
1.9. COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY
1.9.1. Modulators of drug induced toxicities
1.10. Hyperthermia in the treatment of Cancer
1.11. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1.11.1. OBJECTIVES
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Plant materials.
2.1.2. Chemicals
2.1.3. Instruments
2.1.4. Cell lines used
2.2. METHODS
2.2.1. CHROMATOGRAPHY
2.2.2. Extraction and purification of Saraca asoca barkFlower and leaves.
2.2.3. Assessment of anticancer activity
2.2.4. Tissue Culture
2.2.5. Determination of -in vitro cytetoxicity
2.2.6. Inhibition of DNA synthesis
2.2.7. Inhibition of RNA Synthesis
2.2.8. Inhibition of protein synthesis
2.2.9. Experimental Animal Maintenance
2.2.10. INHIBITION OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS
2.2.11. CHEMOPROTECTION STUDIES
2.2.12. COMBINATION TREATMENT AND HYPERTHERMIA
2.2.13. BIOCHEMICAL ESTIMATIONS
2.2.14. STATISTICAL METHODS
2.2.15. CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
III. CYTOTOXICITY TO TUMOUR CELLS AND CELLS IN CULTURE (in vitro)
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. Materials and Methods
3.3 RESULTS
3.4 DISCUSSION
IV. ANTITUMOUR STUDIES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2. Materials and Methods
4.3 RESULTS
4.4. Discussion
V. INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ASHOKA ON CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. Materials and Methods
5.3. RESULTS
5.4. DISCUSSION
VI. MODULATION OF TOXICITIES OF CISPLATIN AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
6.2.1. Experimental design
6.2.2. Determination of chemoprotective effect of activeprinciple of Ashoka in cisplatin treated normal mice
6.2.3. Cisplatin treated tumour bearing mice
6.2.4. Determination of Chemoprotective effect of act Lveprinciple of Ashoka in cyclophosphamide treated normal mice
6.2.5. Deteraination of Chemoprotective e f f e c t of activep r i n c i p l e of Ashoka i n cyclophosphamide t r e a t e d tumourbearing mice
6.3. Biochemical and haematological studies
6.4. RESULTS
6.5.1. Chemoprotective effect of active principle of Ashoka extracton Cyclophosphamide treated normal mice
6.5.2. Chemoprotective effect of Saraca -a--s oca (Ashoka) extract oncyclophosphamide treated S-180 tumour bearing mica
6.6. DISCUSSION
VII. EFFECT OF HYPERTHERMIA AND COMBINATION TREATMENT
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.3. RESULTS
7.4. DISCUSSION
VIII. CHARACTERISATION OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
8.1 CHARACTERISATION OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
8.1.1 Ashoka bark
8.1.2. Characterisation of Ashoka Flower
IX. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
9.1. Discussion
9.2. SUMMARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY