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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • DEDICATION
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • I. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Meaning of Tribe
  • 1.2. A Note on Constitutional Safeguards for Tribals
  • 1.3. Concept of Development
  • 1.4. Tribal Development - Meaning and Scope
  • 1.5. Approaches for Tribal Development
  • 1.5.1 Political Approach
  • 1.5.2 Administrative Approach
  • 1.5.3 Religious Approach
  • 1.5.4 Voluntary Agencies Approach
  • 1.5.5 Anthropological Approach
  • 1.6. Research Problem
  • 1.7. Objectives of the study
  • 1.8. Methodology
  • 1.9. The Data Base
  • 1.10. The Study Area And Sample Design
  • 1.11 Reference Period
  • 1.12 Organisation of the Thesis
  • Notes and Reference
  • II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • 2.1. Tribal Studies in India
  • 2.2. Tribal Studies in Kerala
  • Notes and References
  • III. POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
  • 3.1 A Brief Account of the Demographic Particulars of Scheduled Tribe Population in India
  • 3.1 Ranking of States and Union Territories by Size of Scheduled Tribes Population (1991 census)
  • 3.2 Tribal Development: Pre-Independence and Post-Independence Approach
  • 3.3 Constitutional Provisions
  • 3.4 Five Year Plans and Tribal Development
  • 3.4.1 First Five Year Plan
  • 3.4.2 Second Five Year Plan
  • 3.4.3 Third Five Year Plan
  • 3.4.4 Three Annual Plans
  • 3.4.5 Fourth Five Year Plan
  • 3.4.6 Fifth Five Year Plan
  • 3.2 Sector-wise Outlays for Tribal Development
  • 3.3 The Investment in the Tribal Areas from the First Plan to the Fifth Plan
  • 3.4.7 Sixth Five Year Plan
  • 3.4.8 Seventh Five Year Plan
  • 3.4.9 Eighth Five Year Plan
  • 3.4 Expenditure in Different Plan Periods for Tribal Development
  • 3.4.10 Nineth Five Year PIan
  • 3.5 Schemes for Tribal Development
  • 3.6 Programmes for Tribal Welfare
  • Notes and References
  • IV. TRIBALS IN KERALA: A CASE STUDY IN SULTHAN BATHERY TALUK OF WAYANAD DISTRICT
  • 4.1 TribaIs in Kerala
  • 3.1 Map of Kerala Showing Tribal Area
  • 4.1 District-wise Distribution of Tribal Population (1991 census)
  • 4.2 District-wise Literacy and Work Participation Rates of Scheduled Tribes (1991 census)
  • 4.3 Number of Tribal Families Living Below the Poverty Line, District-wise Classification
  • 4.2 Major Communities in Wayanad District
  • 4.2.1. Tribal Communities
  • 4.2.2 Non-Tribal Communities
  • 4.3 Present Situation of Wayanad
  • 4.4 Administrative Set Up of Wayanad
  • 4.5 1991 census Details of Wayanad
  • 4.4 Tribals in Sulthan Bathery Taluk
  • 4.6 Break-up of Sulthan Bathery Taluk
  • 4.7 Tribal Communities of Sulthan Bathery Taluk Wayanad District
  • 4.5 General Information Regarding Health and Land Ownership
  • Notes and References
  • V. A BROAD SPECTRUM OF TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT: ROLE PLAYED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
  • 5.1 Tribal Development Programmes of the State
  • 5.1.1 Promotive measures
  • 5.1.2 Protective Measures
  • 5.1 Release and Utilisation of SCA to TSP Funds in the State from 1974- 75 to 1998-99
  • 5.2 Integrated Tribal Development Projects in Kerala
  • 5.2 Particulars of Integrated Tribal Development Projects in Kerala
  • 5.3 Major Development Projects in Wayanad
  • 5.3.1 Sugandhagiri Cardamom Project
  • 5.3.2 Pookot Dairy Project
  • 5.3.3 Priyadarshini Tea Estate
  • 5.4 Schemes for Tribal Welfare
  • 5.5 Review of Tribal Sub - Plan 1998-99
  • 5.5.1 Financial Targets and Achievement During 1998-99
  • 5.6 Tribal Sub-Plan 1999-2000
  • 5.7 Tribal Sub-Plan in the Context of Local Bodies
  • 5.8 Governments Role in Tribal Development: A Critical Appraisal
  • Notes and References
  • VI. THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT
  • 6.1 Wayanad Social Service Society (WSSS)
  • 6.1.1 Peoples Organisation
  • 6.1.2 Objectives
  • 6.1.3 Planned Measures
  • 6.1.4 Accomplishments
  • 6.1.5 Leadership - Building
  • 6.1.6 Womens Programme
  • 6.1.7 Mother and Child Health Programme
  • 6.1.8 Education and Motivation
  • 6.1.9 Community Health Programme
  • 6.1.10 Co-operation
  • 6.1.11 Family Sponsorship Programme
  • 6.1.12 Housing Schemes
  • 6.1.13 Sanitary Latrines
  • 6.1.14 Self-employment Programme
  • 6.1.15 Rehabilitation Housing Scheme
  • 6.1.16 Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation
  • 6.1.17 Audio-Visual Programme
  • 6.1.18 Snehanidhi
  • 6.1.19 Bio-gas Technology
  • 6.1.20 Other Programmes
  • 6.2 Shreyas Social Service Centre
  • 6.2.1 Approach
  • 6.2.2 Structure
  • 6.2.3 Objectives
  • 6.2.4 Main Activities
  • 6.2.5 Training and Awareness Programme
  • 6.2.6 Thrift and Credit Programmes
  • 6.2.7 Formal and Non-Formal Education
  • 6.2.8 Promotion of Co-operative Initiatives
  • 6.2.9 Research Studies and Documentation
  • 6.2.10 Women and Child Development Programmes
  • 6.2.11 Entrepreneurship Development Programme
  • 6.2.12 Capacity Building Programmes
  • 6.2.13 Agriculture Development Programme
  • 6.2.14 Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 6.2.15 Cultural Promotion Activities
  • 6.2.16 Partnership Profile
  • 6.2.17 Intervention Strategies
  • 6.3 Solidarity
  • 6.3.1 Objectives
  • 6.3.2 Activities
  • 6.4 Fedina
  • 6.4.1 Fedinas Activities
  • 6.4.2 Adivasi Aikya Samithy and the Tribal Land Issue
  • 6.4.3 Fedinas Women Development Programmes
  • 6.4.4 Fedinas Youth and Childrens Programme
  • 6.4.5 Community Health
  • 6.4.6 Self - Help Groups
  • 6.4.7 Skill Training
  • 6.4.8 Fedinas Role in Land Development
  • 6.4.9 Income Generation Programmes of Fedina
  • 6.4.10 Housing Programme
  • 6.4.11 Legal Education
  • 6.4.12 Legal Assistance
  • 6.4.13 Legal Advice
  • 6.4.14 Net -Working
  • 6.4.15 Environment
  • 6.4.16 Study, Research and Documentation
  • 6.5 High Land Development Agency
  • 6.5.1 Vision / Mission / Strategy
  • 6.5.2 Focussed Groups
  • 6.5.3 Akshaya Womens Self- Help Groups, Micro-Credit and Community Business
  • 6.5.4 Boghana-Single Teacher School System in Tribal Language
  • 6.5.5 Yuvadhara- Teen Age Childrens Programme
  • 6.5.6 Ecology / Land Development
  • 6.5.7 Community Health
  • 6.5.8 Community Based Sexual Health Intervention
  • 6.5.9 Research, Documentation and Training
  • 6.5.10 Mobilising for Collective Action
  • 6.5.11 Post-Graduate Studies in Social work
  • 6.5.12 Membership and Networking
  • 6.6 Kanavu
  • Notes and References
  • VII. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PANIYA TRIBE
  • 7.1 Paniyas
  • 7.2 Type of the Family
  • 7.3 Family Size
  • 7.1 Distribution of Paniya Households by the Type of the Family
  • 7.4 Head of the Household
  • 7.2 Distribution of Paniya Households by the Family Size
  • 7.3 Distribution of Paniya Households According to the Age of the Head of the Household
  • 7.5 Socio-Economic Indicators
  • 7.4 Occupational Distribution of the Paniyas
  • 7.6 Income
  • 7.5 Distribution of Annual Family Income of the Paniya Working Class
  • 7.7 Housing
  • 7.8 Health and Sanitation
  • 7.6 Distribution of Paniya Households by Habitation
  • 7.9 Education
  • 7.10 Social Awareness
  • 7.7 Enrolment Ratio of Paniya Students
  • 7.11 Decision Taking
  • 7.8 Distribution of Paniya Households Surveyed According to the Possession / Use of Various Mass Media
  • 7.12 Status of Women
  • 7.13 Markets
  • 7.13.1 Factor Market
  • 7.9 Distribution of Paniya Households Surveyed According to the Possession of Land
  • 7.10 Distribution of Daily Wages of the Paniyas
  • 7.11 Distribution of Paniyas by work participation Rate
  • 7.13.2 Product Market
  • 7.14 Expenditure Pattern
  • 7.15 Cropping Pattern
  • 7.16 Diet Pattern
  • 7.17 Leadership
  • Notes and References
  • VIII. TRIBALS AND NON-TRIBALS - A COMPARISON ON THE BASIS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICES
  • 8.1 Perspectives of Development
  • 8.2 Human Development
  • 8.2.1 Dimensions of Human Development
  • 8.2.2 Measurement of Human Development
  • 8.2.2.1 Conglomerative Approach
  • 8.1 Maximum and Minimum Values for Different Indicators
  • 8.2.2.2 Deprivational Approach
  • 8.2.2.3 Three perspectives of Deprivation
  • 8.2.2.4 Measurement of Deprivation
  • 8.3 Human Development values of Indian States With Special Emphasis to Kerala State
  • 8.2 HDI for Indian States
  • 8.3 District-wise HDI in Kerala
  • 8.4 Human Development Indices of Tribals and Non-Tribals: Conglomerative Approach and Deprivational Approach
  • 8.4.1 Conglomerative Approach
  • 8.4 Indicators Used for Conglomerative Approach
  • 8.5 HDI for Tribals and Non-Tribals
  • 8.1 Figure Showing Comparison of Male-Female HDIs
  • 8.6 Components of HDI
  • 8.2 Doughnut Showing Components of HDI
  • 8.7 GDI for Tribals and Non-Tribals
  • 8.8 Comparison of GEM for Tribals and Non-Tribals
  • 8.4.2 Deprivational Approach: Incidence of Human Poverty among the Tribals and the Non-Tribals
  • 8.9 Indicators Used for Deprivational Approach
  • 8.10 HPI -1 for Tribals and Non-Tribals
  • 8.5 Comparison of Human Development Indices of Tribals and Non-Tribals
  • 8.11 Human Development Indices for Paniyas and Non-Tribals
  • 8.1 Chart Showing Comparison of Development Indices of Tribals and Non-Tribals
  • Notes and References
  • IX. SUMMARY, MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
  • 9.1 Major Findings
  • 9.2 Policy Suggestions
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • APPENDICES
  • APPENDIX I Interview Schedule
  • APPENDIX II Statement of Primary Census Abstract, Wayanad District
  • APPENDIX III Survey Report, Fedina
  • APPENDIX IV Computation of Human Development Index
  • APPENDIX V Computation of Gender-Related Development Index
  • APPENDIX VI Computation of Gender-Empowerment Measure
  • APPENDIX VII Human Poverty Index for developing countries