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  • Title
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • APPENDICES
  • LIST OF MAPS
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF PLATES
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Malabar Trogon
  • 1.2. Colour of the bare parts
  • Plate No.1. Adult Malabar Trogon female and male
  • 1. Measurement of Malabar Trogon
  • 1.3 References
  • 2. Study area
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 1. The study area in Ernakulam District of Kerala
  • Plate No.2. Bhoothathankettu and Chelamala forests
  • 2.2. Climate and rainfall
  • 1. Showing the monthly rainfall (mm) recorded from the study area during 1998.
  • 2. Rainfall, number of rainy days and monthly mean temperature recorded from the study area during 1998
  • 2.3. General vegetation
  • 2.4. Fauna
  • 2.5. Vegetation characteristics and insect abundance
  • 2.6. Methodology
  • 2. Showing the intensive study areas.
  • 2.7. Results and discussion
  • 3. Tree densities calculated from 44 point centered quadrates in the study area during the study
  • 4. Vegetation parameters recorded from the selected transects
  • 5. Area X height class cross tabulation
  • 6. Monthly abundance of insects during 1997- 98
  • 2. Showing the abundence of different group of insects in the study area during 1997 - 498
  • 7. Monthly abundance of insects, new leaves, and flowers during 1997-98
  • 3. Abundance of insect groups in three different seasons during 1997 --98
  • 4. Showing the abundance of new leaf and flower in the study area during 1997 - 498
  • 8. Results of correlation between new leaf abundance, flower abundance, insect abundance, rain and months
  • 2.8. Conclusion
  • 2.9. References
  • 3. Food and foraging
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Methodology
  • 3.3. Results and discussion
  • 5. Showing the percentage of each insect group consumed by the Malabar Trogon during the study peod
  • Foraging heights
  • Foraging sites and strata
  • Prey attack methods
  • 6. Men foraging height of Malabar Trogon in different seasons during the study period
  • 9. Classification of foraging sites and occurrence of maneuvers of Malabar Trogon in different substratums
  • 10. Showing the number of occurrence of different foraging maneuvers of Malabar Trogon in different substratum
  • 7. Showing the percentage of occuarrence of foraging maneuvers of Malabar Trogon in different substrums
  • 8. Showing the percentage of foraging maneuvers Malabar Trogon on leaf
  • Food handling techniques
  • 9. Showing the percentage of foraging maneuvers Malabar Trogon in the twig substratum
  • Feeding associations
  • 3.4. Conclusion
  • 3.5 References
  • 4. Self maintenance activities
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Methodology
  • 4.3. Results and discussion
  • 1. Stretching
  • 2. Shaking
  • 3. Beak wiping
  • 4. Head Scratchiug
  • 5. Preening
  • 6. Oiling
  • 7. Bathing
  • 8. Feather fluffing
  • 4.4. Conclusion
  • 4.5. References
  • 5. Vocalisation
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Methodology
  • 5.3. Results and discussion
  • 1. Social contact call
  • 2. Territorial Call
  • 3. Alarm call
  • 4. Breeding call
  • 5. Roosting call
  • 6. Begging call
  • 5.4. Conclusion
  • 5.5. References
  • 6. Territory
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Methodology
  • 6.3. Results and discussion
  • Intraspecific territoriality
  • Territory defense
  • Size
  • Interspecific territoriality
  • Plate No.3. Behavioural responses of Malabar Trogon
  • 3. Territorial bouncy of Malabar Togon in Bhoothathankettu forest.
  • 4. Territorial boundry of Malabar Togo in Chelamala forest.
  • 6.4. Conclusion
  • 11. Various behaviour responses of Malabar Trogon observed during the study period.
  • 6.5. References
  • 7. Breeding biology
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Methodology
  • 7.3. Results and discussion.
  • Advertising and Excavation
  • Nest building
  • Microhabitat and site characteristics
  • Nest
  • Plate No.4. Nest of Malabar Trogon and the male trogon feeding the young one
  • 12. Tree species preferred by Malabar Trogon for nesting during the study
  • Eggs
  • 13. Number of Juvenile and their sex of Malabar trogon recorded from different nests during the study
  • Incubation
  • Nestling
  • Food of juveniles
  • Sanitation
  • Breeding season
  • 14. Breeding record of Malabar Trogon in different areas during the study period
  • 7.4. Conclusion
  • 7.5. References
  • Plate No.5. Nestling and young one of Malabar trogon
  • Plate No.6. Young one of Malabar Trogon
  • Plate No.7. Ringed young one of Malabar Trogon
  • 8. Population and habitat preference
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Methodology
  • 8.3. Results and discussion
  • 10. Transect wise abundance of Malabar Trogons in different seasons during the study
  • 15. Seasonal abundance of Malabar Trogon in different transects during the study period
  • 8.4. Conclusion
  • 11. Abundance of Malabar Trogons in the transects during 1997-99
  • 8.5. Reference
  • 9. Distribution
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Methodology
  • 9.3. Results and discussion
  • 12. Occurrance of Malabar Trogon in different habitats in the Thattakad bird sanctuary
  • 13. Occurrance of Malabar Trogon in Idamala- Pooyamkutty valley
  • 5. Peninsular India illustrating the areas where the surveys for Malabar Trogon conduted during the study.
  • 16. Record of presence or absence of MalaBar Trogon in Idamala-Pooyamkutty valley
  • 17. Record of the presence or absence of Malabar trogon in the bird sanctuary. Thattakad
  • 18. Record of the presence or absence of Malabar Trogon from the different areas where surveys were carried out during the study
  • 9.4. Conclusion
  • 9.5. References
  • Resume
  • APPENDIX I. Checklist of the birds of the study area
  • APPENDIX II. Checklist of the plants recorded from the study area.
  • APPENDIX III. Butterflies recorded from the study area
  • APPENDIX IV. Checklist of birds recorded from the study area by Salim Ali during the Tranvacoare bird survey l933.
  • APPENDIX V. Amphibians recorded from the study area
  • APPENDIX VI. Checklist of Mammals
  • APPENDIX VII. Systematic position of Trogons
  • APPENDIX VIII. Trogoniforms species list