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Integrated nutrient management (INM) strategy in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with special emphasis on
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
| Accession Number |
T 4858 |
| Call Number |
|
| Research Scholar |
Vinod Mathew |
| Guide |
Punnen Kurian |
| Year |
2023 |
| Centre of Research |
Department of Environmental Sciences, Tropical Institute of ecological sciences ( TIES), Velloor P O , Pampady |
| Scholar Address |
Kathikulathil, Praikara, Mavelikkara, Alappuzha |
| Guide Address |
Research Guide in Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES), Kottayam |
| Branch of Study |
Environmental science and atmospheric science |
| Keywords |
Integrated nutrient management strategy in cassava with special emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
prepare keywords from the following text.each keywords seprerated by
Integrated Nutrient Management in Cassava 5
2.1.1 Nutrient Uptake in Cassava 7
2.2 AMF Association on Plant Growth 7
2.3 AMF Association on N Nutrition 9
2.4 AMF Association on P Nutrition 9
2.5 AMF Association on K Nutrition 11
2.6 AMF Association on Rhizosphere Microorganisms 12
2.6.1 Phosphorus Solubilising Microorganisms 13
2.6.2 AMF Association in Cassava 13
2.6.3 AMF Inoculation in Cassava 15
2.7 Mycorrhizal Association in Other Tropical Tuber Crops 16
Chapter 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 19
3.1 Materials 19
3.1.1 Experimental site 19
3.1.2 Season 19
3.1.3 Climate 20
3.1.4 Soil 20
3.1.5 Variety 21
3.1.6 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation 21
3.1.7 Chemical fertilisers 21
3.2 Methods 22
3.2.1 Field Survey of Native AMF 22
3.2.2 Quantification of soil AMF 22
3.2.3 Identification and cataloguing of AMF spores 22
3.2.4 Pot culture Experiment No.1 24
3.2.5 The treatment details are given below 25
3.2.6 Pot culture Experiment No.2 26
3.2.7 Treatment Schedule 27
3.2.8 Planting and AMF inoculation 28
3.2.9 NPK recommendation for cassava 31
3.2.10 Harvest 31
3.3 Observations Recorded 31
3.3.1. Plant Height 31
3.3.2 Number of standing leaves 31
3.3.3 Number of fallen leaves 31
3.3.4 Total leaf area 31
3.3.5 Leaf Area Index 31
3.3.6 Dry matter production (DMP) 32
3.3.7 Dry matter production by leaf, stem and root/tuber 32
3.3.8 Root: Shoot Ratio (R:S ratio) 32
3.3.9 Number of tubers 32
3.3.10 Tuber Yield 32
3.4 Plant analysis 32
3.4.1 Uptake of major Nutrients 32
3.4.2 Micronutrient content in leaf 33
3.4.3 Chlorophyll content of leaf 33
3.5 Chemical Properties of soil 33
3.6 Assessment of AM fungal colonization 33
3.7 Quality Attributes 34
3.7.1 Carbohydrate 34
3.7.2 Cyanogenic glucoside 34
3.7.3 Statistical Analysis of Data 34
Chapter4. RESULT 35
4.1 Field Survey of Native Fungi 35
4.1.1 Spore density 35
4.1.2 Identification and cataloguing of AMF isolates 38
4.1.3 Evaluation of Soil AMF Isolates 42
4.2 Growth Attributes 45
4.2.1 Number of Standing Leaf per Plant 45
4.2.2 Number of Fallen Leaf per Plant 48
4.2.3 Plant Height 50
4.2.4 Dry Weight of Leaf 52
4.2.5 Dry Weight of Stem 55
4.2.6 Dry Weight of Root/Tuber 57
4.2.7 Root to Shoot Ratio 60
4.2.8 Leaf Area Index 62
4.3 Nutrient Content 65
4.3.1 N Content of Leaf 65
4.3.2 P Content of Leaf 67
4.3.3 K Content of Leaf 70
4.3.4 Ca Content of Leaf 72
4.3.5 Mg Content of Leaf 75
4.3.6 Zn Content of Leaf 77
4.3.7 Fe Content of Leaf 79
4.3.8 Mn Content of Leaf 81
4.3.9 Cu Content of Leaf 84
4.3.10 N Content of Stem 86
4.3.11 P Content of Stem 88
4.3.12 K Content of Stem 90
4.3.13 N Content of Root/Tuber 92
4.3.14 P Content of Root/Tuber 94
4.3.15 K Content of Root/Tuber 97
4.4. Uptake of Nutrients 99
4.4.1 N uptake by leaf 99
4.4.2 P Uptake by Leaf 101
4.4.3 K Uptake by Leaf 104
4.4.4 N Uptake by Stem 106
4.4.5 P Uptake by Stem 108
4.4.6 K Uptake by Stem 111
4.4.7 N Uptake by Root/Tuber 113
4.4.8 P Uptake by Root/Tuber 116
4.4.9 K Uptake by Root/Tuber 118
4.5 Total Uptake of Major Nutrients 121
4.5.1 Total Uptake of N 121
4.5.2 Total Uptake of P 123
4.5.3 Total K Uptake 125
4.6 Quality Attributes 128
4.6.1 Chlorophyll Content of Leaf at Harvest 128
4.6.2 Starch Content in Tubers at Harvest 130
4.6.3 Cyanogen Content in Tuber at Harvest 132
4.6.4 AMF Root Colonization (
) at Harvest 134
4.7 Yield Attributes 136
4.7.1 Number of Tubers per Plant at Harvest 136
4.7.2 Tuber Yield (t ha-1) at Harvest 138
4.8 NPK Content of Soil at Harvest 140
Chapter 5. DISCUSSION 142
1. 5 Survey for AMF Association with Cassava 142
5.1.1 Identification of indigenous AM fungal types 143
5.1.2 Evaluation of AMF Soil Isolates 144
5.2 Growth Attributes of Cassava 144
5.3 Root to Shoot Ratio 149
5.4 Nutrient Concentration and Uptake 149
5.5 Tuber Yield 153
5.6 Quality Attributes 156
5.6.1 Cyanogenic Content of Tuber at Harvest 156
5.6.2 Starch Content of Tubers at Harvest 157
5.7 Biological and Chemical Properties of Soil after the
Experiment
158
5.7.1 AMF Root Colonisation at Harvest 158
5.7.2 NPK Content of Soil at Harvest
integrated Nutrient Management
cassava
Nutrient Uptake
AMF Association
plant growth
N nutrition
P nutrition
K nutrition
rhizosphere microorganisms
phosphorus solubilising microorganisms
AMF inoculation
mycorrhizal association
tropical tuber crops
experimental site
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Chemical fertilisers
Quantification of soil AMF
Identification of AMF spores
Pot culture Experiment
NPK recommendation
Plant Height
Dry matter production (DMP)
Root: Shoot Ratio (R:S ratio)
Number of tubers
Tuber Yield
Uptake of major Nutrients
Micronutrient content
Chlorophyll content
Chemical Properties of soil
AM fungal colonization
Quality Attributes
Cyanogenic glucoside
Statistical Analysis
Spore density
AMF isolates
Dry Weight of Leaf
Dry Weight of Stem
Dry Weight of Root/Tuber
Nutrient Content
N Content
P Content
K Content
Ca Content
Mg Content
Zn Content
Fe Content
Mn Content
Cu Content
Total Uptake of Major Nutrients
Starch Content
Cyanogen Content
AMF Root Colonization
Yield Attributes
Number of Tubers
Tuber Yield (t ha-1)
NPK Content of Soil
Indigenous AM fungal types
Root to Shoot Ratio
Nutrient Concentration
Biological and Chemical Properties of Soil
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