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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • PREFACE
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • INDEX
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 POLLUTION
  • 1.2 Different Types of Pollution
  • 1.2.1. Microbiological
  • 1.2.2 Chemical
  • 1.2.3 Oxygen depleting substances
  • 1.2. 4. Nutrients
  • 1.2. 5. Suspended matter
  • 1.2.6. Thermal Pollution
  • 1.2.7. Radioactive Materials
  • 1.3. Treatment Technologies
  • 1.3.1 Physical Treatment
  • 1.3.2 Chemical Treatment
  • 1.3.3. Ion exchange
  • 1.3.4. Membrane Process
  • 1.3.5. Biological Treatment
  • 1.4. Bacterial Growth Characteristics
  • 1.5. LITERATURE REVIEW
  • 1.6. Objective of present study
  • The following were the main studies of the project
  • Fig.1.1. Bacterial Growth Characteristics
  • 2. CHARACTERISATION AND TREATABILITY STUDY OF CAPROLACTAM PLANT WASTEWATER
  • 2.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2. OBJECTIVE
  • 2.3. Wastewater treatment process out line
  • 2.4 Materials and methods
  • 2.5 EXPERIMENTAL
  • 2.6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
  • Fig.2.1: Caprolactam manufacturing steps
  • Fig.2.2. Caprolactam manufacturing steps
  • Fig.2.3 WASTE WATER TREATMENT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
  • Fig.2.5 CONTINUOUS FEED REACTOR
  • Fig.2.4 BATCH REACTOR
  • TABLE 2.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPROLACTAM PLANTWASTEWATER
  • TABLE 2.2. ORGANlC COMPOSITION OF CAPROLACTAM WASTEWATER
  • TABLE2.3. COD VS BOD OF PLANT WASTEWATER
  • TABLE 2.4. WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS FOR BATCH BIODEGRADATION STUDY
  • TABLE2.5. BIODEGRADATION STUDY. (BATCH PROCESS)
  • Fig.2.6 RESIDUAL COD AND DO VS AERATION TIME TREATABILITY STUDY OF CAPROLACTAM PLANT WASTEWATER (BATCH PROCESS)
  • Fig.2.7 OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE AND ENDOGENOUSRESPIRATION RATE DETERMINATION DURING THEBIODEGRADATION OF CAPROLACTAM WASTEWATER
  • Fig.2.8 AMMONIA NITROGEN CONSUMPTION DURING BIODEGRADATION OF CAPROLACTAM WASTEWATER (BATCH PROCESS)
  • TABLE2.6. OXYGEN UPTAKE AFTER ADDITION OF PLANT WASTEWATER
  • TABLE2.7. ENDOGENOUS RESPIRATION
  • TABLE2.8. BIODEGRADATION STUDY. (CONTINUOUS PROCESS)
  • 3. STUDY ON THE DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECTING TREATMENT OF CAPROLACTAM WASTEWATER
  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 3.2 OBJECTlVE
  • 3.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • 3.4. EXPERIMENTAL
  • 3.5. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
  • The following conclusioris may be drawn from the study
  • TABLE3.1.EFFECT OF F/M RATIO ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
  • Fig.3.1. EFFECT OF F/M ON COD REDUCTION
  • Fig.3.2. SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS AT VARIOUS FIM VALUES
  • Fig.3.3. EFFECT OF INFLUENT COD ON EFFLUENT COD
  • TABLE3.2. EFFECT OF HRT ON COD REMOVAL
  • Fig.3.4. EFFECT OF HRT ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
  • TABLE3.3. EFFECT OF PH ON THE OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE AND COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
  • Fig.3.5. EFFECT OF PH ON OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE
  • TABLE3.4. EFFECT OF AIRFLOW RATE ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
  • Fig.3.6. EFFECT OF AIRFLOW RATE ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
  • TABLE3.5. EFFECT OF AGITATION ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
  • Fig.3.7. TOXICITY OF HYDROXYL AMINE SULPHATE ON THE OXYGEN UPTAKE OF SLUDGE.
  • Fig.3.8. TOXICITY OF HYDROXIL AMINE ON COD REDUCTION
  • 4. BIODEGRADATION STUDY OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS IN CAPROLACTAM WASTEWATER
  • 4.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 4.2 OBJECTIVE
  • 4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • 4.4 EXPERIMENTAL
  • 4.5. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
  • CONCLUSION
  • TABLE4.1. BIODEGRADATION OF CYCLOHEXANONE
  • Fig.4.1. BIODEGRADATION OF CYCLOHEXANONE
  • Fig.4.2. CYCLOHEXANOL METABOLlC PATHWAY
  • Fig.4.3. CAPROLACTAM METABOLIC PATHWAY
  • TABLE 4.2. BIODEGRADATlON OF CYCLOHEXANOL
  • Fig.4.4. BIODEGRADATION OF CYCLOHEXANOL
  • TABLE 4.3. BIODEGRADATION OF CAPROLACTAM
  • Fig.4.5. BIODEGRADATION OF CAPROLACTAM
  • Fig.4.6 OUR DETERMINATION BY BOD METHOD
  • TABLE 4.4. BIODEGRADATION OF ANONE AND ANOL AS BINARY SUBSTRATE
  • Fig.4.7. BIODEGRADATION OF ANONE AND ANOL AS BINARY SUBSTRATE
  • Fig.4.8. DEGRADATION OF ANOL IN PRESENCE OF 150 MG/L ANONE
  • Fig.4.9. DEGRADATION OF ANOL IN PRESENCE OF 200MG/L ANONE
  • Fig.4.10. DEGRADATION OF ANOL IN PRESENCE OF 350MG/L ANONE
  • TABLE4.5. INFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS FOR CONTINUOUS FEED STUDY
  • TABLE 4.6. EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS AT VARIOUS HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIMES
  • TABLE 4.7. REDUCTION % AT VARIOUS HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIMES.
  • Fig.4.11. EFFECT OF HRT ON SUBSTRATE AND COD REDUCTION
  • 5. BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION DURING THE TREATMENT OF CAPROLACTAM PLANT WASTEWATER
  • 5.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 5.2 OBJECTIVE
  • 5.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • 5.4. EXPERIMENTAL
  • CONCLUSION
  • TABLE5.1. NITRIFlCATION IN PLANT WASTEWATER (BATCH STUDY)
  • Fig.5.1. NITRIFICATION IN PLANT WASTEWATER
  • TABLE5.2. NITRIFICATION IN SYNTHETIC EFFLUENT CONTAINING LACTAM
  • Fig.5.2. NITRIFICATION IN SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER CONTAINING CAPROLACTAM
  • TABLE5.3. EFFECT OF F/M RATIO ON NITRIFICATION
  • TABLE 5.4. EFFECT OF NITRIFICATION ON PH
  • Fig.5.3. EFFECT OF F/M RATIO ON NITRIFICATION
  • TABLE5.5. GROWTH STUDY AT PH 3.0
  • Fig.5.4. EFFECT OF NITRIFICATION ON THE PH
  • Fig.5.5. GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AT pH 3.0
  • 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCE
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF PUBLICATIONS