Online Thesis Search Results

TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE 1
CERTIFICATE-2
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ABSTRACT
I. Introduction
I.1. Principles of Apiculture
I.2. Bee Resources and Beekeeping - The Indian Scenario
Fig. 1. Bee resources and bee Keeping potential - Broad Indian Scenariu
Himalayan region (Temperate and Sub-temperate regions)
Plains of Northern, Western and Central India
Northeastern Region including West Bengal
Southern Peninsula
I.3. Honey as a Non-Wood Forest Product
I.4. Constraints in honey production
Bee species
Stock improvement
Problem of bee diseases
Promotion of mass planting of bee flora
Improvement of Marketing Strategies
Lack of Proper management of bee colonies
Promotion of migratory bee keeping
Promotion of bee keeping as an employment generation activity
I.5. Scope of the present investigation
II. Literature Review
II.1. History of Melissopalynology - A brief world Scenario
II.2. History of beekeeping in India
II.3. Melissopalynology - An Indian perspective
III. Materials and Methods
III.1. Study location
Fig.2 Study area
III.1.1. Field survey and collection
III.2. Methodology
III.2.1. Preparation of acetolysis mixture
III.2.2. Preparation of glycerine jelly
III.2.3. Preparation of pollen: Acetolysis Method
III.2.4. Field notes on forage preference by Apis cerana indicts F.
III.2.5. Measurement of pollen volume
III.2.6. Microphotography
III.2.7. Nomenclature
III.2.8. Terminology
III.2.9. Pollen descriptions
III.2.10. Cluster Analysis
III.2.11. Foraging studies
III.2.11.1. Nectar foraging in Bombax ceiba L.
III.2.11.2. Pollen foraging in Dillenia pentagyna L.
III.2.12. Pollen frequency determination
III.2.13. Studies on honey as an NWFP
IV. Results
IV. 1. Honeybee Resources: Biology and Management
IV. 1.1. Diversity, comb architecture and host specificity of honeybees
IV.1.1.1. Apis dorsata
IV.1.1.2. Apis cerana indica F.
IV.1.1.3. Apis florea F.
IV.1.1.4. Trigona irridipennis
IV. 1.2. Annual bee management and commercial honey production
IV.1.3. Beekeeping in Rubber plantations
IV. 1.4. Impact of Thai Sac brood Disease
IV. 1.5. Introduction of Apis mellifera
IV.2. Honey plant Resources: Biology and Management
IV.2.1 Foraging
IV.2.1.1. Nectar foraging and honey production
IV.2.1.2. Nectar foraging on Bombax ceiba L.
IV.2.1.2.1. Phenology
IV.2.1.2.2. Nectar quantification
IV.2.1.2.3. Quantification of flower productivity
IV.2.1.2.4. Foraging behaviour for nectar and pollen
IV.2.2 Pollen foraging and beebread production
IV.2.2.1. Pollen foraging on Dillenia pentagyna L.
IV.2.2.1.1. Quantification of flower productivity
IV.2.2.1.2. Bee activity for pollen collection
IV.2.3. Pollen Analysis and biological standardization
IV.2.3.1 Pollen characterization
Plate 2 (Magnification x 1000)
Plate 3 Fig.a -c. Bombax ceiba; d - e. Bombax insignae; f. Ceiba pentandra
Plate 4 Fig. a - d.Careya arborea. a - b.Polar view. c - d. Eq. view; e - f. Cocos nucifera; g - i. Dillenia pentagyna; j - k. Elaeowrpus serratus; I - n. Entada rheedii
Plate 5 (Magnification x 1000) Fig. a - b. Erythrina variegata; c - d. Helixanthera wallichiana; e - g. Holigama amottiana; h - j. Hyptis suaveolens; k - rn. Lannea coromandelica; n - q. Mimosa pudica
Plate 6 (Magnification x 1000) Fig. a - c-Lagerstroemia speciosa; d - f. OIea dioica; g - h. Passiflora foetida; i. Pennisetum polystachyon; j - m. Phyllanthus emblica; n - q. Schleichera oleosa; r. Syzygium cumini; s - t. Terminalia paniculata.
Plate 7 Fig a-e peltophorum pterocarpum; a - b. Eq.view; c - e. Polar view; f. Sachytarpheta jarnaicensis
Grains unidentified
Plate 8 (Magnification x 1000) Fig. a - b. Tabernaemontana gamblei; c -f. Type 5; g - h. Type 7; i - j. Type 14; k - m. Type 15.
Plate 9 (Magnification x 1000) Fig. a - b. Type 17; c - d. Type 18; e. Type 19; f - h. Type 21;
IV.2.3.2 Pollen spectra of honey and pollen loads
IV.2.3.2.1. Apis dorsata honey (Thookkuthen)
IV.2.3.2.2. Apis cerana indica honey (Thoduthen)
A. Wild samples
Pollen spectra of Apis dorsata Honey
Pollen spectra of Apis cerana Honey
Fig.11 Pollen Spectrum - HS 19
Fig.15 Pollen Spectrum - HS 57
B. Apiary samples
Fig.19 Pollen Spectrum - HS 82
B. APIARY SAMPLES Fig.23Pollen Spectrum - HS 14
Fg.27 Pollen Spectrum - HS 28
IV.2.3.2.3. Apis florea honey (Cothen)
IV.2.3.2.4.Trigona irridipennis honey (Cheruthen)
Fig. 31 Pollen Spectrum - HS 92
Fig.35 Pollen Spectrum-HS 6
Fig.39 Pollen Spectrum - HS 11
Fig.43 Pollen Specbum - HS 24
Fig.47 Pollen Spectrum - HS 30
Fig. 51 Pollen Spectrum HS 55
Fig.55 Pollen Spectrum - HS 62
Fig.59 Pollen Spectrum - HS 79
Fig.63 Pollen Spectrum - HS 87
IV.2.3.3. Resources for honey production
Fig.67. Species representation in honey samples
Fig.68 Comparison of frequency and dominance of majorresources
Plate 10. a. Aporosa MeIiyma; b. Area wtdu; c. Bombax eelibe; d. Camya anborea; e. Cocas ncachkm f. De&b@thoe hlca&
Plate 11.a. Delonix regir b. Elaeocarpus serratus c. Erythrina variegatr, d. Lannea coromandelica, e. Helicterus isora, f. Hevea braziliensis
Plate 12. a. Lagestroemia spedosa; b. Melastoma malabathricum; c. Mimosa pudita; d. PeItopbrum ptemcarpum; e. Syzygium cumlni; f. Tectona grandis
IV.2.4. Species diversity and relationships in honey samples- A Cluster analysis
Fig. 69. Unweighted pair group methad analysis (UPGMA)
Fig.70. UPGMA clusters 1-7, showing dissimilarity
Fig.71. UPGMA clusters 8-11 and unique samples showing dissimilarity
IV. 3.Dietary preference of Apis cerana indica F
IV.3. 1. Species representation in pollen load samples
Fig. 72. floral diversity and incidence of pollen
Fig. 73. Floral diversity and lncid&nceof pollen
IV.4. Status, Prospects and patterns of Folk Apiculture
IV.4.1. Honey hunting
IV.4.2. Identification and classification
IV.4.3. Introduction of Beekeeping in tribal settlements
IV.4.4. Folk Apiculture of Kanikkars
Plate 13. Folk Apiculture by Kanikkars
IV.4.5. Honey Adulteration
IV.4.6. Use of antidotes
IV.4.7. Traditional uses of hive products
IV.5. Sustainable Utilization and Management of honey as a Non-Wood Forest Product
IV.5.1. Honey - A unique NWFP
IV.5.2. Marketing Channel
IV.5.3. Honey extraction
IV.5.3.1. Extraction procedure
IV.5.4. Indigenous Management practices
V. Discussion and Conclusion
V.1. Thematic foundations of the problem
V.2. Aspects and prospects of the present investigation
V.3. Introduction of Apis mellifera
V.4. Environmental impact of beekeeping
V.5. Notes on methodology
V.6. Honey plant resources
V.7. Dietary preference for pollen
V.8. Honeybees as crop pollinators
V.9. Honey as a Non-Wood ho rest Product -Case study on Kanikkars
V.10. Management - Traditional and Modern
V.10.1. Strategies at primary level
V.10.2. Strategies at secondary level
V.11. Conclusions
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Glossary of terminology for pollen characterization
Annexure 1
Publications