|
| |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Full Screen- Title
- CERTIFICATE
- DECLARATION
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
- CONTENTS
- I. General Introduction
- Status of Indian Mangroves
- Mangrove Forest in lndia (after Naskar and Mandal 1999)
- Mangrove Diversity in lndia (after Banerjee and Gosh, 1998)
- Status of Mangroves in Kerala
- Mangroves in the Kerala Coast (after Basha, 1991)
- Diversity and Distribution of True mangroves and Semi mangroves species found in Kerala Coast (after Basha, 1992)
- Status of Mangroves in Cochin
- II. Survey of Mangroves of Cochin
- INTRODUCTION
- A Brief History of Cochin
- Geography of Cochin
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- The Sampling Stations Selected for the Present Study
- Station No. 1 Kannamali
- Station No. 2 Kumbalangi
- Station No. 3 Kumbalam
- Station No. 4 Nettoor
- Station No. 5 Mangalavanam
- Station No. 6 Panambukad
- Station No. 7 Puthuvypu
- Station No. 8 Pallipuram
- Station No. 9 Karumallor
- Station No. 10 Pattanam
- Station No. 11 Moothakunnam
- Fig.5. Study area map
- Procedure of Survey
- OBSERVATION
- Fig - 6.A Station No. 1 Kannamali
- Fig - 6.B Station No. 2 Kumbalangi
- Fig - 6.C Station No. 3 Kumbalam
- Fig - 6.D Station No. 4 Nettoor
- Fig - 6.E Station No. 5 Mangalavanam
- Fig - 6.F Station No. 6 Panambukad
- Fig - 6.G Station No. 7 Puthuvypu
- Fig - 6.H Station No. 8 Pallipuram
- Fig - 6.I Station No. 9 Karumallor
- Fig - 6.J Station No. 9 Pattanam
- Fig - 6.K Station No. 11 Moothakunnam
- DISCUSSION
- Successional Patterns of Mangroves
- Semimangroves and Mangrove Associated Plants
- III. Influence of Soil Factors on Mangrove Distribution
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Sampling Procedure
- Methods of Soil Analysis
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Soil pH
- Soil Organic Carbon
- Soil Sand
- Soil Silt
- Soil Clay
- DISCUSSION
- IV. Influence of Water Quality on the Mangrove Distribution
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Water pH
- Water Salinity
- Total Alkalinity
- Total Hardness
- Primary Productivity
- DISCUSSION
- V. Physiological Adaptations of Mangrove Flora of Cochin
- Introduction
- Physiology of Salt Tolerance
- Adaptations to Respiration
- Adaptations to Reproduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- DISCUSSION
- VI. Factors Affecting the Distribution and Recommendations for Conservation of Mangrove Flora of Cochin
- Introduction
- Factors of destruction and damage leading to depletion of mangrove forests in Cochin area
- Review of Mangrove Conservation Activities
- Management of Cochin Mangroves
- Scope of Mangrove Tourism at Cochin
- Mangrove Reforestation at Cochin: Action Plan
- Species Selection
- Suitable Species to be Selected at Cochin Area
- Techniques for Plantation
- Nursery Technique
- Plantrtion Areas
- Recommendations of the Study
- VII. Summary and Conclusion
- Summary
- CONCLUSION
- References
- APPENDIX
- Photos
- Plate 1. Station 1. Kannnamali
- Plate 2. Station 2. Kumbalangi
- Plate 3. Station 3. Kumbalam
- Plate 4. Station 4. Nettoor
- Plate 5. Station 5. Mangalavanam
- Plate 6. Station No. 6 Panambukad
- Plate 7. Station No. 6 Panambukad
- Plate 8. Station No. 7 Puthuvypu
- Plate 9. Station No. 8 Pallipuram
- Plate 10. Station No. 9 Karumallor
- Plate 11. Station No. 9 Karumallor
- Plate 12. Station No. 10 Pattanam
- Plate 13. Station No. 11 Moothakunnam
- Diagrams
- Plate 14. Avicennia officinalis L: a Flowering twig
- Plate 15. Acanthus ilicifolia L: a Flowering twig
- Plate 16. Rhizophora mucronata Lank: a Flowering twig
- Plate 17. Rhizophora candelaria DC: a Flowering twig
- Plate 18. Bruguiera Cylindrica WA: a Flowering twig
- Plate 19. Bruguiera gymnorhiza Lamk: a Flowering twig
- Plate 20. Kandelia candel: a Flowering twig b Fruit
- Plate 21. Sonneralia caseolaris L: a Flowering twig: b. Bud
- Plate 22. Excoecaria agallocha L: a. Flowering twig: b. Inflorescence enlarged
- Plate 23. Excoecaria indica Wild: a twig b Inflorescence
- Plate 24. Achrosticum aureum L: a Upper part of frond: b Leaf base with adventitious roots and scales
- Plate 25. Dolichandrone spathacea L: a Flowering twig b Fruit
- Plate 26. Derris uliginosa Benth: a Flowering twig: b Fruit
- Plate 27. Caesalpinia nuga L: a Compound leaf: b Inflorescence: c Flower
- Plate 28. Cerebra odollum Gaertn: a Flowering twig: b Flower
- Plate 29. Clereodentron inermi L: a twig
- Plate 30. Sphaeranthus indicus L: a Flowering twig
- Plate 31. Callophyllum inopyllum L: a Flowering twig: b Flower
- Plate 32. Thespesia populnea L: a Flowering twig: b Fruit
- Plate 33. Ipomea pescaprae Sweet: a Flowering twig