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TITLE
DEDICATION
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
I. FOLlAR FEATURES
II. SEED MORPHOLOGY
III. ECOGEOGRAPHICAL AND MEDICOBOTANICAL ASPECTS
Collection of Materials
ldentification -of -the specimens
Preparation of peelings for histological studies
Clearing of the leaves
Stomatal Index and Stomatal Density
Histochemical techniques
Seed morphology
Measurements
Photography
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Drawings
Table I. a: TAXA INVESTIGATED, PLACE OF COLLECTION ANDD LOCALIY
TABLE I b. METHODS EMPLOYED IN THE HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF METABOLITES
III. OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. FOLIAR FEATURES
1.1. Stomata: Structure and development
OBSERVATIONS
Development of stomata
Morphology of the mature stomatal complex
DISCUSSION
Fig. I. Stornatal development - in Acanthaceae
1.2 Epidermal Histochemistry
OBSERVATIONS
(i) Localisation of metabolites in the foliar epidermis
DISCUSSION
(ii) Histochemistry in relation to subsidiary cells
(iii) Histochemistry in relation to taxonomy
TABLE II. DISTRIBUTION OF POLYPHENOLS AND POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE FOLlAR EPIDERMIS OF THE TAXA UNDER STUDY
PLATE 1. Light micrographs showing the localisation of starch.
PLATE 2. Light micrographs showing the localisation of starch
PLATE 3. Light micrographs showing the localisation of cellulose
PLATE 4. Light micrographs showing the localisation of proteins.
PLATE 5. Llght micrographs showing the localisation of proteins.
PLATE 6. Light micrographs showing the localisation of lipids.
PLATE 7. Light micrographs showing the localisation of lipids.
PLATE 8. Light micrographs showing the localisation of insoluble polysaccharides
PLATE 9. Light micrographs showing the localisation of insoluble polysaccharides
PLATE 10. Llght micrographs showing the localisation of polyphenols, lignins and pectin
PLATE 11. Light micrographs showing the localisation of polyphenols, lignins and pectins
1.3 Stomatal Index
OBSERVATIONS
DISCUSSION
TADLE Ill. STOMATAL INDEX OF THE TAXA INVESTICATED
1.4 Palisade ratio
OBSERVATIONS
DISCUSSION
Fig. - 2. The taxa-wise representation of the mean palisade values.
TABLE IV. PALISADE RATIO OF THE TAXA INVESTICATED
1.5 Effect of environmental pollution on foliar epidermis
OBSERVATIONS
DISCUSSION
TABLE V.a. EFFECT OF POLLUTION OF FOLlAR EPIDERMIS:
TABLE V b. EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON FOLIAR EPIDERMIS
TABLE V.c. SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATION OF THE EPIDERMAL FEATURES BETWEEN NORMAL AND POLLUTED CONDITIONS
TABLE V.d PERCENTAGE OF VARIATION OF THE EPIDERMAL FEATURES BETWEEN NORMAL AND POLLUTED CONDITIONS
2. SEED MORPHOLOGY
2.1 Standards for the study of external morphology of seeds - a proposal
PRINCIPLES FOR SEED MORPHOLOGY
MORPHOLOGICAL STANDARDS
Fig. - 3. Diagrammatic representation of seeds with different shapes
2.2 Exomorphic characters of seeds in the light of LM and SEM
2.3 Review of the seed morphological characters observed
2.4 The probable seed morphological evolution in the taxa investigated
TABLE Vl a. DATA ON SEED MEASUREMENTS OF THE TAXA STUDIED
TABLE VI b. DATA ON SEED MORPHOLOGlCAL CHARACTERS OF THE TAXA STUDIED
Fig. - 4. Diagrammatic representatlon of seeds
Fig. - 5. Diagrammatic representation of seeds
Fig. - 6. Diagrammatic representation of seeds
Fig. - 7. Diagarammatic representation of seeds
Fig. - 8. Diagrammatic representation of seeds
PLATE 12. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - E)
PLATE 13. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 14. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 15. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 16. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 17. Photomicrographs of seed (Figs. A - E)
PLATE 18. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 19. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 20. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 21. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 22. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 23. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - G)
PLATE 24. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 25. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
PLATE 26. Photomicrographs of seeds (Figs. A - F)
3. ECOGEOGRAPHICAL AND MEDICOBOTANICAL ASPECTS
3.1. Ecogeographical aspects of the taxa investigated
TABLE VlIa. COLLECTED TAXA OF STROBILANTHEAE AND THE YEAR OF FLOWERING
TABLE VII b. VARIATION IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF TWO SPECIES OF JUSTICIA Linn. DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
3.2. Medico botanical aspects of the taxa investigated
IV. GENERAL DISCUSSION
1. Systematic considerations
2. Evidences from foliar epidermal and seed morphological features on the affinities of certain taxa of Acanthaceae
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
VI. REFERENCES
VII. APPENDIX
APPENDIX - I Districts and states of the collection spots
APPENDIX - II CLASSIFICATION OF ACANTHACEAE