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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • PREFACE
  • 1. THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES OF CRYSTAL GROWTH-AN INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Thermodynamics of crystal growth
  • 1.3 Nucleation
  • 1.4 Theories of crystal growth
  • 1.5 Crystal growth techniques
  • 1.6 Rare earth compounds and present work
  • References
  • 2. CRYSTAL GROWTH BY GEL METHOD
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Properties of the gel
  • 2.3 Preparation of silica gel and its structural properties
  • 2.4 Crystallization in gel medium
  • 2.5 Nucleation control
  • References
  • 3. STUDIES ON GROWTH KINETICS
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Hydrosilica gel as the growth medium
  • 3.3 Chemistry of reaction
  • 3.4 Preparation of hydrosilica gel
  • 3.5 Preparation of supernatant solution
  • 3.6 Growth of gadolinium dysprosium oxalate crystals
  • 3.7 Growth of gadolinium praseodymium oxalate crystals
  • 3.8 Growth of dysprosium praseodymium oxalate crystals
  • 3.9 Observation on growth kinetics
  • 3.10 Conclusion
  • References
  • 4. SURFACE AND DISLOCATION STUDIES
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Morphology of crystals
  • 4.3 Optical microscopy
  • 4.4 Atomic force microscopy
  • Fig. 4.10 Crystal surface with smaller growth hillocks
  • 4.5 Dislocation studies
  • 4.6 Conclusion
  • Reference
  • 5. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWN CRYSTALS
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 X-ray diffraction analysis
  • Fig.5.1 X-ray powder diffraction pattern of GDO crystal
  • Fig.5.2 X-ray powder diffraction patterns GPO crystal
  • 5.3 Infrared spectroscopy
  • 5.4 Thermal analysis
  • 5.5 Spectroscopic techniques
  • 5.6 Energy dispersive analysis by X-rays
  • References
  • 6. STUDIES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GROWN CRYSTALS
  • 6.1 Microhardness Studies
  • 6.2 Magnetic Studies
  • 6.3 Microwave dielectric studies
  • Fig.6.14 Experimental set-up
  • Reference
  • 7. SPECTROSCOPIC PARA METERS OF Dy3+ AND Pr3+ IN GDO, GPO AND DPO CRYSTALS
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7, 2 Optical absorption studies
  • 7.3 Oscillator strengths
  • 7.4 Judd-Ofelt Analysis
  • 7.5 Radiative parameters
  • 7.6 Results and Discussion
  • 7.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 8. GENERAL CONCLUSION
  • Scope for further research