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Title
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Polymerization
1.2 Mechanism of Polymerization
1.3 Preparation of Polymer thin films Evaporation sputtering - Radiation induced Polymerization - Plasma Polymerization
1.3.a Preparation of thin films from polymer bulk material
1.3.a.1 Evaporation
1.3.a.2 Sputtering
1.3.b Preparation of polymer thin films from monomer
1.3.b.1 Radiation induced polymerization
1.3.b.2 Plasmna Polymerization
1.3.b.2.a Free radicals in plasma polymerization
1.4 Different methods to produce plasma discharge
1.5 A brief review of electronic properties of polymer thin films
1.5.a Modes of carrier transport in insulating polymer films
1.5.b Switching phenomena in polymer thin films
1.5.c Semicondutig and conducting polymer thin films
1.5.d Dielectric behaviour of polymer thin films
1.6 Application of polymer thin films
1.7 Aim and scope of the present work
References
2 Theoretical Aspects
2.1 Electronic states of polymers
2.2 Nature of excited stales in polymers
2.3 Ionized states and conducting levels in molecular systems
2.4 Electrical properties of polymers Electrical conduction in insulating polymers - carrier generation and transport process - conduction mechanism in M-F-M structures
2.4.a Electrical conduction in insulating polymers
2.4.b Carrier Generation and transport processes
2.4.c Conduction process in M-I-M structures.
2.4.c.1 Tunnelling
2.4.c.2 Schottky type conduction process
2.4.c.3 Poole - Frenkel conduction process
2.4.c.4 Space charge limited conduction.
2.4.c.5 Hopping conduction
2.5 Dielectric properties in general
2.5.a Introduction
2.5.a.1 Dielectric relaxation and loss
2.5.b Various polarization mechanisms
2.5.c Polarization and dielectric losses in thin films
2.6 Optical absorption in polymers
2.6.a Absorption in the UV-visible range
References
3 Experimental Techniques
3.1 Experimental techniques for the preparation of M-I-M sandwich structures
3.1.a The Radio frequericy plasma polymerization setup
3.1.b Electrode deposition system
3.1.c Deposition of metal electrodes
3.1.d Electrical feed throughs
3.2 The procedure
3.3 Fabrication of metal cell for electrical and dielectric measurements
3.4 Methods of measurements d.c electrical conductivity measurements - Measurements of dielectric parameter - Film thickness measurement
3.4.a D.C electrical conductivity measurements
3.4.b Measurements of Dielectric parameter
3.4.c Film thickness measurement
3.4.c.1 Multiple - beam interferometry: (fizeau fringe or equal thickness)
3.4.c.2 Theory
3.4.c.3 Measurement
3.4.c.4 Fizeau fringes of equal thickness: measurement
3.5 Experimental methods to determine the refractive index n, extinction coefficient V and absorption coefficient α of thin films
3.5.a Theory of method
3.5.b Experimental method to determine the absorption coefficient
3.5.c Experimental method to determine band gap energy
3.5.d Mode of measurement
References
4 Plasma Polymerized Pyrrole and Eucalyptus Oil Thin films - Optical Studies
4.1 Experimental techniques
4.2 Infrared absorption studies
4.3 Absorption and Transmission studies in the UV-VIS-NIR range
4.4 Results and discussion Polymerization mechanism and structure - Absorption in the UV-VIS range - Determination of optical constants n and k References
4.4.a Plasata polyoterized pyrrole
4.4.a.1 Polymerization mechanism and structure
4.4.a.2 Absorption in the UV-VIS range
4.4.a.3 Deterermination of optical costantsants n and k
4.4.b Plasma poIymerized Eucalyptus oil thin filims
4.4.b.1 IR spectral studies
4.4.b.2 Absorption in the UV-VIS range
4.4.b.3 Determination of optical constants n and k
References
5 Conductivity Studies on Plasma Polymerized Pyrrole films
5.1 Experimental details
5.2 Results and discussion
5.2.a Current-voltage characteristics
5.2.b Mechanism of electrical conduction in plasma polymerized pyrrole films
5.2.c Temperature effects
5.3 Conclusions
References
6 Dielectric Properties of Plasma Polymerized Pyrrole
6.2 Results and discussions
6.2.a Dependence of ε and tanδ on thickness at 1khz
6.2.b Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in the range 1KHz-100KHz
6.2.c Behaviour of ε and tanδ in the freqnency range 100Kflz-1MKz
6 3 Dielectric properties - Detailed discussion
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 Conduction Mechanism in Plasma Polymerized Eucalyptus Oil
7.1 Experimental details
7.2 Results and discussion Current - voltage characteristics - Temperature effects
7.2.a Current - voltage characteristics
7.2.b Temperature effects
7.3 Conclusion
References
8 Dielectric Properties of Plasma Polymerized Eucalyptus Oil
8.1 Experimental details
8.2 Results and Discussion
8.2.a Dependence of ε and tanδ on thickness at 1K Hz
8.2.b Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in the range 1K Hz-100K Hz
8.2.c Behaviour of dielectric constant and loss factor in the range 100K Hz-1M Hz
8.3 Dielectric properties a discussion
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Effect of Iodine Doping in Plasma Polymerized Pyrrole and Eucalyptus Oil Films
9.1 Experimental details
9.2 Results and discussions
9.2.a Iodine doped plasma polymerized pyrrole films
9.2.a.1 IR absorption studies
9.2a.2 Absorption in the UV-VIS range
9.2.a.3 Electrical conductivity of iodine doped Plasma polylmerized pyrrole films
9.2.b lodine doped plasma polymerized Eucalyptus oil
9.2.b.1 IR absorption studies
9.2.b.2 Absorption in the UV-VIS range
9.2.b.3 Electrical conductivisty studies on lodime doped plasma polymerized eucalyptus oil films
9.3 Conclusions
References
10 Conclusions