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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • PLATE I
  • Picture 1 Periyar Lake with its lush vegetation - a distant view
  • Picture 2 The Periyar River - at source
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. STUDY AREA AND METHODS
  • PLATE II MAP OF THE PERIYAR
  • 2.1 Boundaries
  • 2.2 Geomorphology
  • 2.3 Vegetation
  • 2.4 Climate
  • 2.5 Temperature
  • 2.6 Rainfall
  • 1. Year wise rainfall statement for 1995, 1996 & 1997 (In nom)
  • 2.6.1 1995
  • 2.6.2 1996
  • 2.6.3 1997
  • 2.7 Humidity
  • 2.8 Water
  • 2. Rainfall data for 1995 (In min)
  • 3. Rainfall data for 1996 (In mm)
  • 4. Rainfall data for 1997 (In min)
  • PLATE III Picture 3 The Periyar Dam - a captive view
  • Picture 4 Spillway that regulates the water level in the lake
  • 2.9 Periyar Lake
  • 2.9.1 Physical features
  • 2.9.1.1 Water level (ft)
  • 2.9.1.2 Discharge (M.C.F.T) of Water
  • 2.9.1.3 Inflow (M.C.F.T) of Water
  • 5. Water level for 1995
  • 6. Water level for 1996
  • 7. Water level for 1997
  • 8. Discharge of water for 1995
  • 9. Discharge of water for 1996
  • 10. Discharge of water for 1997
  • 11. Inflow of water for 1995
  • 12. Inflow of water for 1996
  • 13. Inflow of water for 1997
  • 2.9.1.4 Water quality
  • 2.9.2 Biological features
  • 2.9.2.1 Fauna
  • 2.9.2.2 People
  • 2.10 Materials and Methods
  • 2.10.1 Methods
  • 3. FISH FAUNA OF PERIYAR
  • 3.1 Systematic List
  • 4. MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC COUNTS
  • 4.1 Tor khudree
  • 4.1.1 Morphometry
  • 4.1.2 Meristic counts
  • 4.2 Hypselobarbus kurali
  • 4.2.1 Morphometry
  • 4.2.2 Meristic counts
  • PLATE IV
  • Picture 5 Tor khudree - a good native sport fish
  • Picture 6 Hypselobarbus kurali - another native fish
  • 4.3 Cyprinus carpio var. communis
  • 4.3.1 Morphometry
  • 4.3.2 Meristic counts
  • 4.4 Oreochromis mossambica
  • 4.4.1 Morphometry
  • 4.4.2 Meristic counts
  • PLATE V
  • Picture 7 Cyprinus carpio var. cc~mmrcnis (Common Carp) - an introduced fish
  • Picture 8 Oreochremis mossambica (Tilapia) - another introduced fish
  • 4.5 Biometric index
  • 4.5.1 Biometric indices in Tor khudree
  • 4.5.2 Biometric indices in Hypselobarbus kurali
  • 4.5.3 Biometric indices in Cyprinus carpio communis
  • 4.5.4 Biometric indices in Oreochromis mossambica
  • 14& 15 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Tor khudree
  • 16 & 17 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Tor khudree
  • 18& 19 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Hypselobarbus kurali
  • 20 & 21 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Tor khudree
  • 22 & 23 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Cyprinus carpio var. communis
  • 24 & 25 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Cyprinus carpio var. communis
  • 26 & 27 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Oreochromis mossambica
  • 28 Mean biometric indices in different length groups of Oreochromis mossambica
  • 5. DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES
  • 5.1 Monthly distribution of fishes in Periyar Lake in 1996
  • 5.2 An analysis of fish catch in the year 1996 in Periyar Lake
  • 5.2.1 Oreochromis mossambica
  • 5.2.2 Hypselobarbus kurali
  • 5.2.3 Cyprinus carpio
  • 5.2.4 Tor khudree
  • 29 Fish catch in each month in Periyar Lake in the year 1996
  • 30 Fish catch and species composition in Periyar Lake in the year 1996
  • PLATE VI
  • Picture 9 Hypselobarbrrs micropogon periyarensis - a recommended native sport fish
  • Picture 10 A prized catch on a lucky day of one man.
  • 5.3 Interaction between native and introduced fishes
  • 5.3.1 Distribution of native fishes in Periyar Lake in 1996
  • 5.3.2 Distribution of introduced fishes in Periyar Lake in 1996
  • 31 Fish yield of four species in Periyar Lake in the year 1996
  • 32 Monthly distribution of Tor khudree & Hypselobarbus kurali in Periyar Lake in the year 1996
  • 33 Monthly distribution of Cyprinus carpio communis & Oreochromis mossambica in Periyar Lake in the year 1996
  • 34 Monthly distribution of Hypselobarbus kurali & Cyprinus carpio communis in Periyar Lake in the year 1996
  • 6. FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS
  • 6.1 Tor khudree (Sykes) (Black Mahseer or Deccan Mahseer)
  • 6.1.1 Algae
  • 6.1.2 Plants
  • 6.1.3 Animals and animal parts
  • 6.1.4 Sand particles
  • 6.2 Hypselobarbus kurali Menon & Rema Devi
  • 6.2.1 Algae
  • 6.2.2 Plants
  • 6.2.3 Animals and animal parts
  • 6.2.4 Sand particles
  • 6.3 Cyprinus carpio var, communis Linnaeus
  • 6.3.1 Algae
  • 6.3.2 Plants
  • 6.3.3. Animals and Animal Parts
  • 6.3.4 Sand particles
  • 6.4 Oreochromis mossambica (Peters)
  • 6.4.1 Algae
  • 6.4.2 Plant parts
  • 6.4.3 Animals and animal parts
  • 6.4.4 Sand grains
  • 7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE FISHERMEN
  • PLATE VII
  • Picture 11
  • Picture 12 Two Mannan families with their hut and small farm land in the background
  • 7.1 The tribal people
  • 7.1.1 Fishing nets
  • 7.1.2 Vatty method
  • 7.1.3 Hook and line
  • 7.1.4 Survey among the fishermen
  • 7.2 Kumily Girijan Matsya Vyavasaya Co-operative Society
  • PLATE VIII
  • Picture 13 A fisherman with his catch and hook & line
  • Picture 14 Fisherman getting ready for a good haw1
  • PLATE IX
  • Picture 15 Sunning Mannans
  • Picture 16 A happy return
  • 7.3 Fisheries Department
  • 7.4 Observations of ponds that belonged to the Mannans
  • 7.5 Fish farmers development agency
  • 8. DISCUSSION
  • 8.1 Morphometric and Meristic counts of fishes
  • 8.2 Distribution of fishes
  • 8.3 Food and feeding habits
  • 8.4 The interaction between native and introduced species
  • 8.5 Socio economic status of the fishermen
  • 8.6 Kumily Girijan Matsya Vyavasaya Co-operative Society
  • 8.7 Fisheries Department
  • 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
  • 9.1 Summary
  • PLATE X
  • Picture 17 Water birds waiting for its prey
  • Picture 18 (above the dam)
  • Picture 19 (below the dam)
  • 9.2 Recommendations for effective fishery management in Periyar Lake
  • REFERENCES