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  • TITLE
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • Preface
  • I. Introduction and Methodology
  • 1. l Introduction
  • 1.2 Emergence and Growth of Trade Unionism
  • 1.3 Evolution of Industrial Relations
  • 1.4 Industrial Relations in Ancient India
  • 1.5 Introduction of Factory System
  • 1.6 Definition and Concepts
  • 1.7 Gandhian Theoretical Framework
  • 1.8 Theme of the Study
  • 1.9 Relevance and Scope of the Study
  • 1.10 Hypotheses of the Study
  • 1.11 Objectives of the Study
  • 1.12 Methodology
  • 1.13 Setting of the Study
  • 1.14 Limitations of the Study
  • 1.15 Organisation of the Study
  • References
  • II. Review of Literature
  • References
  • III. Historical Background of Trade unionism In India
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Workers Organisation - A Necessity and its Realisation in India
  • 3.3 History of Indian Trade Union
  • The Central Trade Unions
  • Comparative Study of Four Original Central Organisations
  • 3.4 Labour Legislation
  • 3.5 Trade Union and Related Legislation
  • 3.6 Functions of Unions
  • 3.7 Objectives of Trade Unions
  • 3.8 Reasons for Workers to join Trade Unions
  • 3.9 Essentials of a Successful Trade Union
  • 3.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Unions
  • 3.11 Patterns and Structure of Unions in India
  • 3.12 Types of Unions
  • 3.13 Factors Affecting the Growth of Trade Unions
  • 3.14 Statutory Necessities of Trade Unions. References
  • References
  • IV. Trade Unionism in Kerala
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 The Historical Growth of Trade Unionism in Kerala
  • 4.3 Trade Unionism: Post-Independent Period
  • 4.4 Causes for Trade Union Growth in Kerala
  • 4.1 Trade Unions and Membership in Kerala
  • 4.5 District wise Variations of Unionism
  • 4.2 District- wise Total Number of Trade Unions
  • 4.6 Labour Problems and Wage Rates
  • 4.3 Industrial disputes arose, handled, settled etc., in Kerala
  • 4.7 Kottayam District Profile
  • Present Status in Industries
  • 4.8 Trade Union Growth in Kottayam District
  • References
  • V. Human Relations in Industry - Role of Trade Unions
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Human Elements in Trade Unionism
  • 5.1.2 Age and Sex
  • 5.1 Sex of the Respondents
  • 5.1.3 Religion
  • 5.2 Religion of the Respondents
  • 5.1.4 Educational Qualifications
  • 5.3 Opinion regarding the importance of education
  • 5.4 Exploitation of Illiterate Workers by the Union Leaders.
  • 5.1.5 Membership Pattern.
  • 5.5 Trade Union Membership - Whether Voluntarily joined
  • 5.6 Preferences on the basis of the Usefulness of the Trade Unions
  • 5.1 Trade Union Membership - Whether Voluntarily Joined
  • 5.1.6 Organisation of Unions
  • 5.7 Opinion of Managerial Personnel about Organising Trade Unions
  • 5.1.7 Grievances
  • 5.8 Trade Unions are Essential for the Redressal of the Grievances of the Workers
  • 5.1.8 Motivation for Joining a Trade Union
  • 5.9 Motivation in Joining a Trade Union
  • 5.1.9 Present Attitude of Workers Towards Trade Union
  • 5.10 Opinion of Workers towards Present Functioning of Trade Union
  • 5.2 Opinion of Workers towards Present Functioning of Trade Unions
  • 5.2 Democracy in Trade Unions
  • 5.2.1 Election of Trade Union Leaders
  • 5.2.2 Trade Union and Democracy
  • 5.11 Election of Trade Union Leaders
  • 5.2.3 Concept of Workers Participation
  • 5.12 Trade Union and Democracy
  • 5.3 Collective Bargaining
  • 5.3.1 Collective Bargaining as a Method of Wage Fixation
  • 5.3.2 Satisfaction in Wage Increment
  • 5.13 Satisfaction in Wage Increments
  • 5.3.3 Collective Bargaining and Economic Aspect
  • 5.14 Collective Bargaining Deals with Economic Aspects Only
  • 5.15 Collective Bargaining and Workers Facilities
  • 5.3.4 Collective Bargaining and Redressal of Grievances
  • 5.4 Sectarian Considerations
  • 5.3 Collective Bargaining and Redressal of Grievances
  • 5.4.1 Unions Attitude Towards Management
  • 5.16 Unions Pro- management Attitude
  • 5.4.2 Management Sectarian affiliation and Relationship with Workers
  • 5.17 Managements Sectarian Affiliation and Relationship with the Workers
  • 5.4.3 Sectarian Leaders Direct Influence on the Workers
  • 5.18 Sectarian Leaders Influence on the Workers of the Same Sect
  • 5.4.4 Workers Sectarian Consideration to the Management
  • 5.19 Opinion regarding Workers Sectarian Consideration to the Management
  • 5.4.5 Sectarian Affiliation Influences the Workers in their Participation in Trade Union Activities
  • 5.20 Sectarian Affiliation influence the Workers in their Participation in Trade Union Activities
  • 5.4 Workers Sectarian Consideration to the Management
  • 5.5 Uneven Growth and Small size of Unions
  • 5.6 Financial Weakness of the Union
  • 5.21 Membership Fees by the Workers
  • 5.22 Financial Soundness of Trade Union is a Prerequisite
  • 5.23 Financial Soundness of Union while going for a Strike
  • 5.24 External Financing of and by Unions
  • 5.7 Multiplicity of Unions and Inter union Rivalry
  • 5.25 Inter union Rivalry helps the Management in Prolonging the Settlement of Issues
  • 5.26 Multiunionism Divide the Bargaining Power of the Union
  • 5.27 In Multiunionism None of the Unions will take up the Cause of the Workers Seriously
  • 5.28 Attitude of Management towards Multiplicity of Unions
  • 5.29 Discriminative Attitude of the Management
  • 5.30 Multiunionism Facilitates the Management Making the Unions Fight among Themselves
  • 5.31 Uniunionism or Multiunionism in Promoting Workers Interest
  • 5.32 Multiplicity of Trade Unions Helped the Growth of Trade Unionism in Kerala
  • 5.33 Multiplicity of Unions and Management-labour relations
  • 5.7.1 Strike
  • 5.34 Opinion of the Workers regarding Redressal of their Grievances
  • 5.35 Strike for a Legitimate Cause Even Rival Union should not Refrain from it
  • 5.36 Strike Organised by one Union Fails due to the Opposition of Other Unions
  • 5.37 Strike Causes Economic Hardships to the Workers
  • 5.38 Organise Strike only when all Other Methods Fail
  • 5.8 Leadership Issue
  • 5.39 Outside Leadership will Hamper the Trade Union Leadership
  • 5.40 Professional Trade Union Leaders are necessary
  • 5.41 Dedicated Leaders originated from within the Industry
  • 5.42 Outside Leaders never go to the Core of the Trade Union Problems
  • 5.43 Members do not Welcome Outside Leadership
  • 5.9 Politicisation of Unions
  • 5.44 Politicians had given Strong Leadership to Trade Unions
  • 5.45 Unions led by Politicians of the Opposition Party have better Fighting Power
  • 5.46 Whether Political Allegiance of the Management would Influence the Attitude of the Employees
  • 5.47 The Trade Union Movement can be made more Effective and Beneficial for the Workers if the Trade Union was without Political Affiliation
  • 5.48 When the Trade Unions Affiliated to some of the Political Parties come into power they would lean towards the Management
  • 5.49 The Trade Unions which are Affiliated to the Opposition Parties usually become Hostile to the Management
  • 5.50 Leader would lose his Leadership Position if he goes against the Direction of the Political Party
  • 5.51 An Indigenous Working Class can Emerge only when Trade Unions are not Affiliated to the Political Parties
  • 5.52 Workers should Participate in a Strike organised for Promoting Political Causes
  • 5.53 Political parties - Their own Interest vs. Workers interest
  • 5.10 Labour Absenteeism
  • 5.10.1 Concept
  • 5.10.2 Causes of Absenteeism
  • 5.5 Workers Responses regarding Reasons for Absenteeism
  • 5.54 When the Permanent Workers Retire do you like to Recruit New Ones in their place?
  • 5.55 Do you find that it is Advantageous to your interest to Maintain only Casual workers instead of Permanent Workers
  • 5.11 Conclusion
  • References
  • VI. Trade Union Leadership
  • 6.1.1 The Concept of Leadership
  • 6.1.2 Leadership Functions
  • 6.1.3 Dimensions in Trade Union Leadership
  • 6.1.4 Big Name Leaders
  • 6.1.5 Politics and Union Leadership.
  • 6.1.6 Leadership and Motivation
  • 6.2.1 Leaders in Action
  • 6.1 Why Non-worker Leaders for Working Class
  • 6.2 Upper Middle Class Dominated Union Leadership
  • 6.3 Accessibility of Trade Union Leaders to Workers
  • 6.4 Efforts by Leaders for Redressal of Grievances of Workers
  • 6.2.2 Factors contributing to the emergence of Trade Union Movements
  • 6.5 Age of the Trade Union Leaders
  • 6.6 Social Reasons
  • 6.7 Economic Reasons
  • 6.2.3 Membership Drive
  • 6.2.4 Leaders Perception of Members Expectations
  • 6.2.5 Union Goals and Leaders Achievement
  • 6.2.6 Leaders Perception of Initial Goals of the Unions
  • 6.8 Initial goal of the Trade union
  • 6.2.7 Leaders Perception of the Present Goals of the Unions
  • 6.9 Present Goals of the Unions
  • 6.2.8 Factors Contributing to the Leaders Success
  • 6.10 Factors Contributing to the Leaders success
  • 6.2.9 Strategies and Weapons of Union Leaders
  • 6.11 Behaviour of Management Personnel During Negotiation
  • 6.12 Strategies Followed by Union Leaders during Negotiation for Achieving Results
  • 6.13 Factors Contributing to Strength of leaders in Bargaining with Management
  • 6.2.10 Reasons for Failure and Pursuance of Unsolved Issues
  • 6.14 Reasons for Failure / Partial Success in Strike
  • 6.15 Factors that leaders should consider in taking the strike decisions
  • 6.2.11 Participation in Management
  • 6.16 Suggested Area of Employee Participation in Management
  • 6.17 Benefits of Workers Participation in Management
  • 6.18 Anti-union Attitudes of the Management towards Union
  • 6.2.12 Managerial Personnels Opinion Regarding Leadership
  • 6.19 Outside Political Leadership Stands in the way of Intimate Relationship between Managers and the Workers
  • 6.20 Outside Political Leadership is Harmful to the Interest of the Workers
  • 6.21 Outside Political Leadership Exploits the Workers
  • 6.22 Trade Union Leaders Indulge in Corrupt Practices
  • 6.2.13 Conclusion
  • References
  • VII. Labour Welfare and Social Security
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Objectives of Labour Welfare
  • 7.3 Approaches to Labour Welfare
  • 7.4 Principle of Labour Welfare
  • 7.5 Classification of Labour Welfare Work
  • 7.6 Welfare Programmes for Organised Sectors
  • 7.7 Social Security Measures
  • 7.8 Social Security in India
  • 7.9 Recent Trends
  • 7.10 Benefits and Welfare Schemes of Employees of MRF, HNL, Kottayam Textiles, Travancore Cements Ltd.
  • References
  • VIII. Gandhian Vision of Trade Unionism
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Trusteeship in Industry
  • 8.3 Meaning of Trusteeship
  • 8.4 Gandhiji and the Trade Union Movement
  • 8.5 Gandhian Approach
  • 8.5.1 Gandhiji s Concept of Industrial Relations and its Influence on Indian Labour Policy
  • 8.6 The Ahmedabad Experiment.
  • 8.7 Gandhian Perspective on Capital Labour Relationship.
  • 8.8 Gandhian Ideology in Action
  • 8.1 Opinion of the Workers on External Advisers as Contemplated by Gandhiji
  • 8.2 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders on External Advisers as Contemplated by Gandhiji
  • 8.3 Opinion of the Workers about Gandhian idea of Finding out Alternative Work during Strike Period
  • 8.4 Opinion of the Trade union Leaders about Gandhian idea of Finding out Alternative Work during Strike Period
  • 8.5 Opinion of the Workers about Gandhian Socialism
  • 8.6 Trade Union Leaders Opinion about Gandhian Socialism
  • 8.7 Opinion of the Managers about the Gandhian Socialism
  • 8.8 Workers opinion about Gandhijis idea of using truth and non-violence as the means to be adopted
  • 8.9 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders about Gandhijis idea of using Truth and Non-violence as the Means to be adopted
  • 8.10 Opinion of the Managers about Gandhiji s Idea of using Truth and Non-violence as the Means to be Adopted
  • 8.11 Opinion of the Workers regarding Gandhian View of Justice
  • 8.12 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders regarding Gandhian View of justice
  • 8.13 Opinion of the Managers regarding Gandhian View of Justice
  • 8.14 Opinion of the Workers about Gandhian views of Intrusion of Politics into trade Unionism
  • 8.15 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders about Gandhian views of Intrusion of Politics into Trade Unionism
  • 8.16 Opinion of the Managers about Gandhian views of Intrusion of Politics into Trade Unionism
  • 8.17 Opinion of the Workers about rights originate from duties
  • 8.18 Opinion of the Leaders regarding
  • 8.19 Opinion of the Workers regarding the Gandhain vision of raising the moral and intellectual heights of labour
  • 8.20 Opinion of the Leaders regarding the Gandhain vision of raising the moral and intellectual heights of labour
  • 8.21 Opinion of the Managers regarding the Gandhian vision of raising the moral and intellectual heights of labour
  • 8.22 In the event of disputes between capital and labour the union was to endeavour not to achieve victory but to secure a just solution - Opinion of the Workers
  • 8.23 In the event of disputes between capital and labour the union was to endeavor not to achieve victory but to secure a just solution - Opinion of the Leaders
  • 8.24 In the event of disputes between capital and labour the union was to endeavour not to achieve victory but to secure a just solution-Opinion of the Managers
  • 8.25 Opinion of the workers-Gandhian ideology of Morality and Ethics
  • 8.26 Opinion of the leaders Gandhian ideology of Morality and Ethics
  • 8.9 Conclusion
  • 8.27 Opinion of the managers on Gandhian ideology of Morality and Ethics
  • References
  • IX. Conclusion and Policy Implications
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Findings
  • 9.3 Suggestions
  • 9.4 Gandhis Answer to the Problem
  • Means too are important
  • 9.5 Policy Implications and Conclusion
  • References
  • Select Bibliography
  • APPENDIX 1 LIST OF LARGE AND MEDIUM SCALE UNITS IN KOTTAYAM DISTRICT
  • APPENDIX 2 INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WORKERS
  • APPENDIX 3 INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR TRADE UNION LEADERS
  • APPENDIX 4 lNTERVlEW SCHEDULE FOR MANAGEMENTS