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TITLE
DEDICATION
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
CANDIDATES DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
TABLES, LISTS AND FIGURES
Research Papers Published / Accepted for Publication
Introduction
Total area of vegetables & fruit crop in Kerala 1999 -2000
Review of Literature
FRUITS
Part- A
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OF FRUITS
A.1. APPLE (Malus sylvestris Mill.)
Apple scab
Circular brown spot
Black mould rot
Blue mould rot
Rhizopus rot
Soft rot
Sour rot
A.1. BANANA (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Crown rot
Black tip
Phytophthora rot
Anthracnose
Freckle disease
Black rot
Fusarium rot
Brown rot
Squirter disease
A.1. CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamosa L.)
Phytophthora rot
Black rot
Fusarium rot
Charcoal rot
Anthracnose
Black spot
A.1. GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.)
Fruit canker/scab
Phytophthora rot
Brown rot
Pink mould rot
Anthracnose
Ripe rot
Waxy rot
A.1. JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus integrifolius Auct.non L.l)
Circinella rot
Soft rot
Black cottony rot
Black mould rot
Brown rot
A.1. MANGO (Mangifera indica L.)
Stem end rot
Powdery mildew
Anthracnose
Sooty mould
Black spot
Black rot
Brown rot
Ripe rot
Pink disease
Charcoal rot
A.1. PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
Phytophthora rot
Fusarium rot
Ripe rot
Curvularia rot
Soft rot
Black spot
Anthracnose
A.1. PINEAPPLE (Ananas sativus (L.) Merr. & A. comosus Schult.)
Ceratocystis rot
Black rot
Chocolate rot
A.1. SANTRA ORANGE (Citrus reticulata Balanco)
Polar rot
Phytophthora rot
Anthracnose
Soft rot
Penicillium rot
A.10. SAPOTA (Achras sapota L.) (= Manilkara achrus (Mill.) Fosberg.)
Phytophthora rot
Brown pedicel end rot
Pimple rot
Black mould rot
Soft rot
A.11. WATER MELON (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Mats. & Nakai & C. vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Phoma rot
Soft rot
Charcoal rot
Pink rot
Rhizopus rot
Brown rot
Gloeosporium rot
FRUITY VEGETABLES
Part -B
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OF FRUITY VEGETABLES
B.1. ASH GOURD (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.)
B.2. BITTER GOURD (Momordica chorantia L.)
Soft rot
Soft watery rot
Cottony white rot
Anthracnose
B.3. BOTTLE GOURD (Lagenaria siceraria (MOI.) Standl.)
Diplodia rot
Anthracnose
Cottony rot
Soft rot
B.4. BREAD FRUIT (Artocarpus communis Frost.)
B.5. BRlNJAL (Solanum melongena L.)
Phytophthora rot
Soft rot
Pink rot
Rhizopus rot
Alternaria rot
Phomopsis rot
Black mould rot
B.6. CHILLI (Capsicum annuum 1.. & C. frutescens L.)
CAPSICUM / SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum var. grossum L.)
Alternaria rot
Phytophthora rot
Anthracnose
Ripe rot
Black rot
Curvularia rot
Diplodia rot
Phoma rot
Soft rot
B.8. CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub.)
Anthracnose
Fusarium rot
B.9. COW PEA (Vigna sinensis Endl.)
Anthracnose
Phoma rot
Cottony pink rot
B.10. CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)
Soft rot
Fusarium rot
Cucumber scab
Anthracnose
B.11. DRUM STICK (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.)
B.12. FRENCH BEAN / COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Anthracnose
Cottony leak
B.13. INDIAN GOOSEBERRY (Emblica officinale Gaertn.)
Brown rot
Fruit blemish
B.14. LADYS FINGER / OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.)
Brown rot
Phytophthora rot
Pythium rot
Cottony leak
Grey blight rot
B.15. LIMA BEAN (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
Anthracnose
Diplodia dry rot
B.16. LlME / SOUR LlME (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swing.)
Phytophthora rot
Citrus scab
B.17. LITTLE GOURD (Coccinia indica W. & A, )
Anthracnose
Black rot
Soft rot
Brown rot
Cottony white rot
B.18. PEA / GREEN PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
Anthracnose
Cottony leak
Pod spot
Cottony white rot
B.19. PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.)
Cottony white rot
Grey white rot
B.20.RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula (L) Roxb.)
Soft rot
Dirty grey rot
Brown rot
B.21. SNAKE GOURD/ PATOL (Trichosanthes anguina L.)
Anthracnose
Soft rot
B.22. SWORD BEAN (Canavelia ensiformis D.C. Baker)
B.23. TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Brown rot
Alternaria rot
Waxy rot / sour rot
Soft rot
Sunken black spot
Halo spot
Black mould rot
Yellow mould rot
Cottony white rot
Colletotrichum rot
Cladosporium rot
Woody black rot
TUBEROUS VEGETABLES
Part- C
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OFTUBEROUS VEGETABLES
ROOT TUBERS
C.1. BEET ROOT (Beta vulgaris L.)
Brown rot
Cottony white rot
Creepy white rot
C.2. CARROT (Daucus carota L.)
Black rot
Cottony white rot
Sour rot
Creepy white rot
Soft rot
C.3. CASSAVA / TAPIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)
Dry rot
Botryodiplodia rot
Anthracnose
Mucor rot
C.4. SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir.)
Soft rot
Charcoal rot
Brown rot
Dry rot / Java black rot
STEM TUBERS
C.5. COUNTRY POTATO (Coleus parviflorus Benth.)
C6. ELEPHANT EAR/ TARO (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.)
Corm rot
Dry rot
C.7. ELEPHANT FOOT YAM (Amorphophallus campanulatus BI.)
Soft rot
Dirty grey rot
C.8. GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rose.)
Dry black rot
Soft Rot
Cottony rot
C.9. POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Phytophthora rot
Brown rot
Black scurf
Charcoal rot
Dry rot
Powdery scab
C.10. YAMS / WHITE YAM (Dioscorea alata L.)
Dry rot
Brown rot
UNDER UTILIZED FRUITS
Part -D
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OFUNDER UTILlZED FRUITS
D.1. BLACK PLUM / JAMBOLANA (Eugenia jambolana Lamk.)
D.2. CARAMBOLA. (Averrohoa carambola L. & A. bilimbi L.)
Anthracnuse
Banded rib rot
Sunken brown rot
D.3. CASHEW APPLE (Anocardium occidentale L.)
D.4. CEYLON OLIVE / VALIYA KARA (Elaeocarpus serratus (L.) W. & A.)
D.5. EGG FRUIT (Lucuma nervosa L.)
D.6. HOG PLUM (Spondias pinnata (L. f) Kurz.)
Coppery brown rot
Pedicel end rot
Cottony White rot
D.7. NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
D.8. PASSlON FRUIT (Passiflora edulis Sims.)
D.9. PHYLLANTHUS (Phyllanthus acidus Skeel.)
D.10. POT TAMARIND (Garcinia gambogea Desr.)
D.11. ROSE APPLE. (Eugenia javanica L.)
D.12. TAMARIND (Tamarindus indica L.)
D.13. WEST INDlAN CHERRY / KARANDA (Carissa carandas L.)
Anthracnose
Brown rot
COLLECTION CENTRES
Materials and Methods
I. SURVEY AND COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
II. MATERIALS COLLECTED
(A) FRUITS
(B) FRUITY VEGETABLES
(C) TUBEROUS VEGETABLES
(D) UNDER UTILIZED FRUITS
III. LABORATORY EXAMINATION/STUDY
(i) Method of isolation of fungi
(ii) Identification
(iii) Preservation of the infected samples
(iv) Laboratory drawing
(v) Laboratory measurements
(vi) Micro preparation
(vii) Photography
IV. ISOLATION AND CULTURAL STUDIES
(i) Sterilization of equipments and culture media
(ii) Cultural studies
V. INOCULATION STUDIES
VI. HOST RANGE STUDIES
A FRUIT & VEGFTAFTE SHOP IN ALUVA MARKET
List of fungi recorded in fruits
List of fungi recorded in Banana varieties
List of fungi recorded in Mango varieties
Observations
Part - A
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OF FRUITS
A.1. APPLE (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) & M. Pumila (L.) Mill.)
A.1.1. soft rot
Table - I Inoculation of Penicilium expansum and Rhizopus nigricans
Table - 2 Inoculation of pathogens on uninjured and injured apple fruits
Table - 3 Inoculation of pathogens under dry and humid conditions
A.1.2. Circular brown spot
Table - 4 Petri - dish culture of A. alternata in PDA
Table - 5 Inoculation of A. alternata
A.1.3. Black mould rot
Table - 6 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1.4. Sour rot
Table -- 7 Petri - dish culture of G. candidum in PDA
Table - 8 Inoculation of G. cundidum
A.1. BANANA (Musa paradisiaca L.)
A.1.a. Charapoovan / Karpooravalli
A.1.b. Chenkadali / Kappa
Table - 10 Petri - dish culture of T paradoxa in PDA
Table -- 1 1 inoculation of T Paradoxa
A.1.c. Nendrapadatty
Table - 12 Inoculation of G. candidurn on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1.d. Nendran
Table - 13 Petri - dish culture of F. roseum in Sabourauds agar medium
Table.- 14 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 15 Petri -dish culture of A. alternata
A.1.e. Njalippoovan / Rasakadali
A.1.f. Palayamkodan
A.1.g. Poovan
A.2.h.Robusta
Cross inoculation studies in banana varieties
1. Aspergillus niger V.Tiegh
Table - 16 Cross inoculation of A. niger
2. Phoma psidii P. Henn.
Table -- 17 Cross inoculation of P. psidii
3. Thielaviopsis paradoxa
Table - 18 Cross inoculation of T. Paradoxa
4. Rhizoctonia bataticola
Table - 19 Cross inoculation of R. bataicola
5. Alternaria alternata
Table - 20 Cross inoculation of A. alternata
6. Fusarium roseum
Table - 2 1 Cross inoculation of F: roseum
7. Botryodiplodia theobromae Sacc.
Table - 22 Cross inoculation of B. theohromae
A.1. CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamosa L.)
A.1.1. Black mould rot
Table - 23 lnoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 24 Inoculation of A. niger under dry and humid conditions
A.1.2. Fusarium rot
Table - 25 Petri - dish culture of F. oxysporurn in PDA
Table - 26 Inoculation of F. oxysporum on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1.3. Trichoderma rot
Table - 27 Inoculation of T lignorum on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1. GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.)
A.1.1. Black mould rot
A.1.2. Rhizopus rot
A.1.3. Penicillium rot
Table - 30 Inoculation of Penicillium sp. on unripe and ripe fruits
Table -- 31 Inoculation of Penicillium sp.under dry and humid conditions
A.1.4. Fusarium rot
Table -- 32 Petri - dish culture of F roseum in Richards agar medium
Table - 33 Inoculation of F. roseum under dry and humid conditions
A.1.5. Brown rot
A.1. JACK FRUIT (Artocarpus integrifolius
A.1.1. Black cottony rot
Table - 33 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1.2. Black mould rot
A.1.3. Fusarium rot
Table - 34 Petri - dish culture of F. acuminatum in Richards agar medium
Table - 35 Inoculation of F. acuminutum
A.1.4. Phoma rot
A.1.5. Brown rot
Table - 36 Inoculation of B. theobromae on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1. MANGO (Mangifepra indica L.)
A.6.a.Banglora
Table - 37 Inoculation of A.niger
Table - 38 lnoculation of T. Paradoxa on uninjured and injured fruits
A.1.b. Chelan
Table - 39 Inoculation o f A.niger
Table - 40 inoculation of R. nigricans
A.1.c. Mulgoa
Table - 41 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 42 lnoculation of P. digirutum under dry and humid conditions
A.1.d. Muvandan (a local variety)
A.1.e. Neelum / Neelan
Table - 44 Inoculation of A. alternata
Table - 45 Petri -dish culture of R.bataticola in PDA
Table - 46 Inoculation of R. bataticola on half ripe and ripe fruits
A.1.f. Pairi / Mal. Prior
A.1.g. Suvarnarekha
Table - 47 inoculation of A. niger
Table - 48 Inoculation of R. nigricans under dry and humid conditions
Cross inoculation studies in mango varieties
1. Aspergillus niger
Table - 49 Cross inoculation of A. niger
2. Alternaria alternata
Table - 50 Cross inoculation of A.alternata
3. Thielaviopsis paradoxa
Table - 51 Cross inoculation of T.Paradoxa
4. Phoma psidii P. Henn
Table - 52 Cross inoculation of P.psidii
5. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butl
Table - 53 Cross inoculation of R bataticola
A.7.PAPAYA (Carica papaya)
A.1. 1. Fusarium rot
Table - 54 Inoculation of F.roseum
Table - 55 Inoculation of F.roseum on unripe and ripe fruits
A.1.2. Anthracnose
Table - 56 Inoculation of C. papaya
A.1.3. Waxy rot
Table - 57 Inoculation of G. candidum
A.1.4. Black mould rot
Table - 58 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 59 Inoculation of A.niger under dry and humid conditions
A.1.5. Sooty mould
A.1.6. Black soft rot
A.1. PINEAPPLE (Ananas sativus Schult. &A. comosus Schult.)
A.1.1. Black rot
Table - 60 inoculation of T. paradoxa
Table - 6 1 Inoculation of T. paradoxa under dry and humid conditions
A.1.2. Fusarium rot
Table - 62 Inoculation of F. moniliforme
A.1.3. Black mould rot
Table - 63 Inoculation of A.niger
A.1.4. Penicillium rot
A.1. SANTRA ORANGE (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)
A.1.1. Black mould rot
Table - 64 Inoculation of A. niger
A.1.2. Soft rot
Table - 65 Inoculation of G. candidum
A.10. SAPOTA (Achras Sapota L.)
A.10.1. Black rot
Table - 66 Inoculation of A. alternata
Table - 67 Inoculation of A. alternata on uninjured and injured fruits
A.10.2. Fusarium rot
Table - 68 Inoculation of F. camptoceros
A.10.3. Black mould rot
Table - 69 Inoculation of A. niger
Table- 70 lnoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
A.11. WATER MELON (Citrullus lanatus
A.11.1. Pink rot
Table- 71 Inoculation of F.roseum
A.11.2. Rhizopus rot
Table - 72 lnoculatation of R. nigricans
Table - 73 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
A.11.3. Stem end rot
Table - 74 Petri - dish culture of R. theobromae in PDA
Table - 75 Inoculation of B. theobromae
List of fungi recorded in fruity vegetables
List of fungi recorded in fruity vegetables
Part - B
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OF FRUITY VEGETABLES
B.1. ASH GOURD (Benincasa hispida
Table - 78 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 79 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 80 Inoculation of G. candidum
Table - 81 Inoculation of G.Candidurn under dry and humid conditions
B.2. BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.)
Table - 83 lnoculaltion of R. nigricans
Table - 84 Inoculation of F. oxysporum
Table - 85 lnoculation of F. oxysporum on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 86 inoculatron of A. niger
Table - 87 Inoculation of G. candidurn
B.3. BOTTLE GOURD (Lagenaria siceraria
Table - 88 Inoculation of G.candidum
B.4. BREAD FRUIT (Artocarpus communis Frost.)
Table - 91 Inoculation of B. theobromae
Table - 92 lnoculation of B. theobromae on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 93 inoculation of R. bataticola
Table - 94 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 95 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 96 Inoculation of F.roseum
Table - 97 Inoculation of F. roseum on uninjured and injured fruits
B.5. BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)
Table - 98 Petri - dish culture of A. alternata in Sabourauds agar medium
Table - 99 Inoculation of A. alternata
Table - 100 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 101 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 102 Inoculation of F. oxysporum
Table - 103 Inoculation of R. nigricans
B.6. CHILLI (Capsicum annuum I.. & C. frutescens I,.)
Table - 104 Petri - dish culture of A, alternara in Czapek - Dox agar medium
Table - 105 Inoculation of A. alternata under dry and humid conditions
Table - 106 Inoculation of F.semitectum
Table - 107 Inoculation of C. capsici
B.7. CHOW CHOW (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)
Table - 108 Inoculation of G.candidum
Table- I09 Inoculation of C.tuberculata
Table - 110 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 111 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 112 lnoculation of F.rigidiiscula
Table - 113 Inoculation of F.rigidiiscula under dry and humid conditions
Table- 114 Inoculation of A. alternata
B.8. CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub.)
Table - 115 Inoculation of roseum
Table - 116 Petri - dish culture of S. rolfsii in PDA
Table - 117 Inoculation of S. rolfsii
Table -118 lnocualtion of S.rolfsii under dry and humid conditions
Table - 119 Inoculation of A.alternata
B.9. COW PEA (Vigna sinensis Endl.)
Table - 120 Petri -dish culture of C. lindemuthianum
Table -121 Inoculation of lindemuthianum
Table -122 Inoculation of A. alternata
Table - 123 Inoculation of F.nivale
Table - 124 Inoculation of R nigricans
Table - 125 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 126 Inoculation of C. cucurbitarum
B.10. Cucumber (Cucumis sativs I,.)
Table - 127 Inoculation of C.echimulata
Table - 128 Inoculation of C. echinulata on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 129 Inoculation of F.semitectum
Table - 130 Inoculation of R. nigricans
B.11. DRUM STICK (M. pterygosperma Gaertn.)
Table - 131 lnoculation of R. nigricans
Table -. 132 Inoculation of F.roseum
Table - 133 Inoculation of A.niger
Table - 135 Inoculation of M.hiemalis
Table - 136 Inoculation of M.hiemalis on uninjured and injured fruits
B.12. FRENCH BEAN/COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Table - 137 Inoculatiori of R. nigricans
Table - 138 Inoculation of F.semitectum
Table - 139 Inoculation of F.semitectum under dry and humid conditions
Table - 140 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 141 Inoculation of A..niger under dry and humid conditions
Table - 142 Inoculation of A.alternata
B.13. INDIAN GOOSEBERRY (Emblica officinale Gaertn.)
Table - 143 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 144 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 145 Inoculation of P. expansum
Table - I46 Inoculation of P. digitatum
Table - 147 Inoculation of P. expansum & P. digitatum
B.14. LADYS FINGER/ OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Table - 148 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 149 lnoculatin of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 150 Inoculation of A. niger under dry and humid conditions
Table - 151 Inoculation of F oxysporum
Table - 152 Inoculation of M. hiemalis
B.15. LIMA BEAN (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
Table - 153 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 154 inoculation of R. nigricans under dry and humid conditions
Table - 155 inoculatton of A niger
Table - 156 Petri - dish culture of F acuminatum in Sabourauds agar medium
Table - 157 Inoculation of F.acuminatum
Table - 158 Inoculation of C. cucurhitarum
Table - 159 Inoculation of C.cucurbitarum under dry and humid conditions
B.16. LIME /SOUR LIME (Citrus aurantifolia
Table - 160 Inoculation of A. niger
Table- 161 Inoculation of T. viride
Table - 162 Inoculation of T viride on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 163 Inoculation of F. nivale
B.17. LITTLE GOURD (Coccinia indica W.& A, )
Table - 164 Inoculation of F.oxysporum
Table - 165 Inoculation of F oxysporum on uninjured and injured fruits
B.18. PEA/ GREEN PEA (Phum sativum L.)
Table - 166 lnoculation of C. pisi
Table - 167 Inoculation of C. pisi under dry and himid conditions
B.19. PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.)
Table - 168 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 169 lnoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 170 Inoculation of F. roseum
Table - 171 Inoculation of F.roseum under dry and humid conditions
Table - 172 inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 173 Inoculation of R.nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 174 inoculation of P. expansum
Table - 175 Inoculation of P. expansum on uninjured and injured fruits
B.20. RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.)
Table - 176 inoculation of F. oxysporum
Table - 177 Inoculation of G.candidurn
Table - 178 Inoculatiorl of G. candidum under dry and humid conditions
Table - 179 inoculation of M racemosus
Table - 180 lnoculation of M. racemosus on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 18 1 Inoculation of R. migricans
B.21. SNAKE GOURD / PATOL (Trichosanthes anguina L.)
Table - 182 Inoculation of F.oxysporum
Table -183 Inoculation of F oxysporurn on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 185 Inoculation of C.echinulata
B.22. SWORD BEAN (Canavelia ensiformis D.C. Baker.)
Table - 186 Petri - dish culture of C. capsici in Richards agar medium
Table - 185 Inoculation of C.capsici
Table - 188 Inoculation of A..alternata
B.23. TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculrntum Mill.)
Table - 189 Inoculation A. ulternatu
Table - 190 Petri -- dish culture of F. solani in PDA
Table - 19 1 Inoculation of F.solani
Table - 192 Inoculation of F solani under dry and humid conditions
Table - 193 Inoculatiori of A. niger
Table - 194 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 195 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 196 lnoculation of G. candidum
Table - 197 inoculation of G. candidum on unripe and ripe fruits
List of fungi recorded in tuberous vegetables
Part - C
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OFTUBEROUS VEGETABLES
ROOT TUBERS
C.1. BEET ROOT (Beta vulgaris I..)
Table - 198 Inoculation of F.acuminatum
Table - 190 Inoculation of F. acuminatum on uninjured and injured tubers
Table - 200 Inoculation of R. bataticola
C.2. CARROT (Daucus carota L.)
Table - 201 lnoculation of F.oxysporum
Table - 202 Inoculation of G. candidum
Table - 203 Inoculation of G.candidum on uninjured and injured tubers
Table - 204 Inoculation of A. alternata
Table - 205 Inoculation of R.nigricans
Table - 206 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured tubers
C.3. CASSAVA / TAPIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)
Table - 207 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 208 Inoculation of A. niger under dry and humid conditions
Table - 209 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 210 Inoculation of S. lignicola
Table - 211 Inoculation of S.lignicola on uninjured and injured tubers
Table - 212 Inoculation of G. candidum
Table-213 Inoculation of G. candidum on uninjured and injured tubers
C.4. SWEET POTATO (Ipomoeu batatas (L.) Poir.)
Table - 214 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 215 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured dry tubers and injured humid tubers
Table-216 Inoculation of R. bataticola
Table -217 lnoculation of F. oxysporum
STEM TUBERS
C.5. COUNTRY POTATO (Coleusparviflorus Benth.)
Table - 21 8 Inoculation of F moniliforme
Table -219 Inoculation of F.moniliforme on uninjured and injured tubers
Table - 220 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 221 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured tubers
Table - 222 Inoculation of G. candidum
Table - 223 Inoculation of G. candidum on uninjured and injured tubers
C.6. ELEPHANT EAR / TARO (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Sehott.)
Table - 224 Inoculation of S. rolfsii
Table - 225 Inoculation of S. rolfsii under dry and humid conditions
Table - 226 Inoculation of F.solani
C.7. ELEPHANT FOOT YAM (Amorphophallus campanulatus Bl.)
Table - 227 lnocularjon of S. rolfsii
Table - 228 Inoculation of S. rolfsii on uninjured and injured tubers
Table - 229 Inoculation of F. acuminatum
C.8. GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rose.)
Table - 230 Inoculation of solani
Table - 231 Inoculation of S.rolfsii
Table - 232 Inoculation of P. digitatum
C.9. POTATO (Solanum tuberosum I..)
Table - 233 Inoculation of F.solani
Table - 234 Inoculation of G. candidum
Table - 235 Inoculation of R. nigricans
Table - 236 lnoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured tubers
C.10. YAM / WHITE YAM (Dioscorea alata L.)
Table - 237 Inoculation of F.solani
Table - 238 lnoculation of R. bataticola
List of fungi recorded in under utilized fruits
Part •-D
POST HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES OFUNDER UTILIZED FRUITS
D.1. BLACK PLUM / JAMBOLANA (Eugenia jambolano Lamk.)
Table - 239 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 240 Inoculation of P.digitatum
Table - 241 Inoculation of P.digitatum on uninjured and injured fruits
D.2. CARAMBOLA (Averrhoa carambola lA. &A. bilimbi L.)
Table - 242 Inoculation of G. candidum on A. carambola
Table - 243 Inoculation of F.equiseti on A.bilimbi
Table - 244 Inoculation of A. niger on A. carambola
Table - 245 Inoculation of R.nigricans on A.bilimbi
D.3. CASHEW APPLE (Anacardium occidentale I<.)
Table - 246 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 247 Inoculation of R.nigricans
Table - 248 Inoculation of R. nigricans on uninjured and injured fruits
D.4. CEYLON OLIVE / VALIYA KARA (Elaeocarpus serratus (L.) W. & A.)
Table - 249 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 250 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 251 Inoculation R. nigricans
Table - 252 Inoculation of R. nigricans on unripe and over ripe fruits
D.5. EGG FRUIT (Lucuma nervosa L.)
Table - 253 lnoculation of A.niger
Table - 254 Inoculation of P.digitatum
Table - 255 Inoculation of P.digitatum on uninjured and injured fruits
D.6. HOG PLUM (Spondias pinnata
Table - 256 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 257 Inoculation of A. niger under dry and humid conditions
Table - 258 Inoculation of R. nigricans
D.7. NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
Table - 259 Inoculalion of R.bataticolacoku
Table - 260 Inoculation of niger
Table - 261 inoculation of T. paradoxa
D.8. PASSION FRUIT (Passiflora edulis Sims.)
Table - 262 Inoculation of F.oxysporum
Table - 263 Inoculation of A. niger
Table - 264 Inoculation of B theobromae
Table - 265 Inoculation of B. theobromae on uninjured and injured fruits
D.9. PHYLLANTHUS (Phyllanthus acidus Skeel.)
Table - 266 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 267 Inoculation of F. roseum
D.10. POT TAMARIND (Garcinia gambogea Desr.)
Table - 268 Inoculation of P.digitatum
Table - 269 Inoculation of A. niger
D.11. ROSE APPLE (Eugenia javanica L.)
Table - 270 Inoculation of A niger
Table - 271 Inoculation of A. niger on uninjured and injured fruits
Table - 272 lnoculatioon of P. digitatum
Table - 273 Inoculation of T.viride
D.12. TAMARIND (Tamarindus indica L.)
Table - 274 inoculation of F.equiseti
Table - 275 Incoculation of A. niger
D.13. WEST INDIANCHERRY/ KARANDA (Carissa carandas L.)
Table - 276 Petri - dish culture of P. versicolor in PDA
Table - 277 Inoculation of P. versicolor
Table - 278 Inoculation of A.niger
Table - 279 Inoculation of F.acuminatum
PLATE I LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE II LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE III LElGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE IV LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE V LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE VI LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE VII LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE VIIl LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE IX LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE X LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE XI LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE XII LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE Xlll LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE XIV LEGEND TO FIGURES
PLATE XV LEGEND TO FIGURES
Result and Discussion
Part - A
NEW REPORTS FROM KERALA
Part - B
NEW REPORTS FROM KERALA
Part - C
REPORTS FROM KERALA NEW TO INDIA
Part -D
REPORTS FROM KERALA NEW TO INDIA
NEW REPORTS FROM KERALA
Summary and Conclusion
References
APPENDIX -I collection Record
APPENDIX - II Culture Media
APPENDIX - III CLEANING SOL.UTION FOR GLASS WARES (Mc Lean & lvimey Cook, 1965)
APPENDIX - IV DISINFECTANT tOR PLANT MATERIAL (Mc Lean & lvimey Cook, 1965)
APPENDIX - V PRSERVING ELIIID (ML Lean & lvimey Cook. 1965)
APPENDIX - VI (a) COrTON BLUE STAIN (Mc Lean & lvi~neyC ook, 1965)
APPENDIX - VII MICROMETRY (Baudoin. 1990)
APPENDIX - VIll SPECIMEN PREPARATION (Haudoin, 1990)