Online Thesis Search Results

TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF PHOTO PLATES
ABBREVIATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
Plate 1. An immature Hevea plantation with cover crop
Plate 2. A view of the mature Hevea plantation
Plate 3. A mature tree under tapping
Plate 4. (a) Radial longitudinal section of Hevea bark showing the latex vessel rows
(b) Transverse longitudinal section of Hevea bark showing inter connection of latex vessel rows
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Genetic base of Hevea
2.2. Major yield components
2.2.1 Growth
2.2.3 Physiological components of yield
2.2.4. Anatomical components of yield
2.3. Genetic studies on yield and major yield components
2.3 1. Variability, heritability and genetic advance
2.3.2. Genetic divergence
2.3.3 Association of characters
2.4. Latex and rubber properties
2.5. Molecular markers
2.6. Progeny analysis
2.7. Recent trends in Hevea breeding
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Location of the study
3.2. Experimental materials
1. Details of the clones included in the study
3.3. Yield and yield attributes
3.3.1 Gird
3.3.2Girth increment rate on tapping (GI)
3.3.3 Dry rubber yield (DRY)
3.3.4 Latex yield (LY)
3.3.5. Initial flow rate (IFR)
3.3.6. Dry rubber content (DRC: )
3.3.7 Plugging index. (PI)
3.3.8. Length of tapping panel (LTP)
3.3.9 Bark anatomy
3.4. Latex and rubber properties
3.5. Statistical techniques
3.5.1. Genetic variability
3.5.1.1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
3.5.2 Genetic parameters
3.5.2.1. Phenotypic and Genotypic variance
3.5.2 2. Coefficient of variation
i. Genotypic coefficient of variability
ii. Phenotypic coefficient of variability
3.5.2.3.Heritability (H2) - Broad sense
3.5.2.4 Genetic advance under selection (GA)
3.5.3 Association of characters
3.5.3.1. Simple correlation
3.5.3.2. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation
3.6. Classificatory analysis
3.6 1 D2 Analysis
3.7. Isozyme studies
3.7.1 Enzyme extraction
3.7.2 Electrophoresis
3.8 Molecular approaches
3. 8.1 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis
3.8.2. Preparation of genomic DNA
3.8.3. DNA amplification by PCR
3.8.4 Gel electrophoresis and photography
3.8.5 DNA blotting
3.8.6. DNA probe preparation, labelling and hybridization
3.8 7. Data analysis
3.9. Performance under.
3.10. Progeny analysis.
Plate 5. A view of seedling nursery under test tapping. A seedling under test tapping (inset)
4. RESULTS
4.1. Clonal variability
4 1.1 Analysis of variance
4.1.2 Performance of clones in yield and associated characters
4.1.2.1. Girth at opening
2. ANOVA for Yield and associated characters
4.1.2.2. Girth increment rate on tapping
4.1.2.3 Girth at 4th year of tapping
4.1.2.4 Dry rubber yield
4.1.2.5. Yield depression under stress
3. Growth and yield of different clones
4.1.2.6. Latex yield
4.1.2.7. Initial flow rate
4.1.2.8. Dry rubber content
4.1.2.9. Plugging index
4.12. I 0 Length of tapping panel
4. Physiological components of yield of different clones
4.1.2.11 Virgin bark thickness
4.12.12. Latex vessel rows in virgin bark
4.1 2.13. Renewed bark thickness
4.1.2.14. Latex vessel rows in renewed bark
5. Bark anatomical traits of different clones
4.1.3. Latex and rubber properties
6. Clonal variation in latex and rubber properties
4.1.4. Association of dry rubber yield with latex and rubber properties
7. Association of dry rubber yield with latex and rubber properties
4.2. Genetic parameters
4.2.1. Phenotypic coefficient of variation
4.2.2. Genotypic coefficient of variation
4.2.3. Heritability
4.2.4. Genetic advance
8. Genetic parameters of yield and associated characters
1 Clonal variation for girth at opening
2. Clonal variation for girth increment on tapping
3. Clonal variation for dry rubber yield
4. Clonal variation for yield depression under stress
5. Clonal variation for dry rubber content
6. Clonal variation for virgin bark thickness
7. Clonal variation for latex vessel rows in virgin bark
8. Genetic parameters of yield and associated characters
4.3. Association of characters
4.3.1. Correlation between yield and growth
4.3.2. Correlation between yield and physiological components
4.3.3. Correlation of yield with structural components
4.3.4. Interrelationship among growth, physiological and structural parameters
9. Genotypic correlations among yield and associated characters
10. Phenotypic correlations among yield and associated characteristics
4.4. D2 analysis
11. D2 value among 13 clones - Genetic distance matrix based on yield and major yield components
9. UPGMA clustering pattern of the clones based on Jaccards dissimilarity coefficient using yield and major yield components
4.5. Isozymes
4.5.1 Aryl esterase
4.5.2 Peroxidase
4.5 3 Aspartate aminotransferase
4.5.4. Shikimate dehydrogenase
Plate 6. Zymogram of (a) aryl esterase
(b) shikimate dehydrogenase isozyme profile showing polymorphism in 13 clones of Hevea brasiliensis,
10. Diagramatic representation of aryl esterase isozyme polymorphism in 13 clones of Hevea brasiliensis.
11. Diagramatic representation of aspartate amino transferase isozyme polymorphism in clones of Hevea brasiliensis.
12. Diagramatic representation of shikimate dehydrogenase isozyme polymorphism in clones of Hevea brasiliensis.
13. Diagramatic representation of peroxidase isozyme polymorphism in clones of Hevea brasiliensis.
4.6. RAPD analysis
12. Number of amplification products generated and the nucleotide sequence of RAPD primers that showed DNA polymorphism with the 8 random oligonucleotide primers in 13 selected Hevea clones.
13. Jaccards dissimilarity matrix of the clones based on RAPD
14. UPGMA clustering pattern of the clones based on Jaccards dissimilarity coefficients using RAPD.
Plate 7. (a) RAPD profile generated by OPA-04 oligonucleotide primers in 13 Hevea clones showing DNA polymorphism.
(b) RAPD profile generated by OPC-05 oligonucleotide primers in 13 Hevea clones showing DNA polymorphism.
(c) RAPD profile generated by OPA-07 oligonucleotide primers in 13 Hevea clones showing DNA polymorphism.
Plate 8. (a) RAPD profile generated by OPB-12 oligonucleotide primers in 13 Hevea clones showing DNA polymorphism.
(b) RAPD profile generated by OPA-16 oligonucleotide primers in 13 Hevea clones showing DNA polymorphism.
(c) RAPD profile generated by OPA-17 oligonucleotide primers in 13 Hevea clones showing DNA polymorphism.
Plate 9. (a) The polymorphic band (2.0 kb) is arrowed. The arrrowed band used to probe a southern blot of amplified DNA. fragments generated by primer OPA.-17. Hybridization of band is arrowed.
(b) Genomic Southern blot hybridization analysis of Hevea clones; The radio labelled probe used was a selected polymorphic RAPD band (2.0 kb) identified with OPA-17 primer. Lane I - 7 genomic DNA samples from different Hevea clones digested with Hind III restriction enzyme.
4.7. Performance index
14. Performance index of the clones based on yield and associated characters
4.8. Progeny analysis
15. Performance of progenies during the first year of establishment
16. Performance of progenies during the second year of establishment
17. ANOVA for juvenile traits during the second year of establishment
18. Correlations among juvenile yield and growth characters
19. Performance index and percentage of superior progenies after second year of growth
Plate 10. Seedling progenies of the clones (a) PB 255 and (b) PB 217
5. DISCUSSION
5.1. Analysis of variance
5.1.1. Performance of clones
5.1.2 Latex and rubber properties
5.1.3 Association of dry rubber yield with latex and rubber properties
5.2. Genetic parameters
5.2.1 Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation
5.2.2. Heritability
5.2.3. Genetic advance
5.3. Association of characters
5.4. D2 analysis
5.5. Isozyme
5.6. RAPT
5.7. Performance index
5.8.Progeny analysis
6. SUMMARY
SALIENT FINDINGS
REFERENCES