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  • TITLE
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF MAPS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • I INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Agriculture and Industry Linkages
  • 1.1 The Path of Development
  • 1.2 The Research Design
  • 1.2 (a) Significance of the study
  • (b) Statement of the research problem.
  • 1.1 Availability of Fresh Vegetables in Kerala
  • 1.2 Availability of Fresh Fruits in Kerala
  • 1.3 Objectives of the Study
  • (a) Hypotheses
  • 1.4 Methodology and Data Base
  • 1.5 Selection of the Study Districts
  • 1.3 District - wise Concentration of Food Processing Units in Kerala
  • 1.6 Background of the Study Districts
  • (a) Pathanamthitta
  • 1.4 Classification of Districts on the Basis of Concentration of Food Processing Units
  • 1.1 Map of Pathanamthitta District
  • (b) Kottayam
  • (c) Ernakulam
  • 1.2 Map of Kottayam District
  • 1.3 Map of Ernakulam District
  • 1.7 Limitations of the Study
  • 1.8 Structure of the Thesis
  • 1.9 Review of Literature
  • (a) Review of theoretical issues
  • (b) Review of empirical studies
  • II HISTORY OF FOOD PROCESSING
  • 2.1 Primitive Methods of Processing
  • (a) Drying
  • (b) Fermentation
  • (c) Salting
  • (d) Sugar
  • (e) Spices
  • (f) Freezing
  • 2.2 The Beginnings of Commercial Processing
  • 2.1 Food Expenditure as a Proportion of Household Consumption
  • 2.1 Percentage of Processed Food in Total Food Consumption
  • 2.3 Historical Analysis of the Development of Food Processing Industries in India
  • 2.4 The Development of Food Processing Industry in Kerala
  • 2.5 Conclusion
  • III SIGNIFICANCE OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN KERALA
  • 3.1 Demographic and Climatic Conditions of Kerala
  • 3.2 Economic Significance of Agriculture in Kerala
  • 3.3 Infrastructure and Technology Development in the Agriculture of Kerala
  • 3.4 Development, Organisation and Regulation of Crop Markets in Kerala
  • 3.5 Importance of Food Processing Industry in Kerala
  • 3.6 Policy Frame Work and Regulatory Mechanisms
  • (a) The fruit products order 1955
  • (b) The vegetable products control order 1976
  • (c) Solvent extracted oils, de-oiled meal and edible flour control order 1967
  • (d) Meat products control order 1973
  • (e) Milk and Milk Products order 1992
  • (f) Rice milling industry (regulation) act, 1958 and Rice milling industry (regulation and licencing) rules 1959.
  • (g) Standards on weights and measures (packaged condition) rules 1977
  • (h) Export (quality control and inspection) act 1963
  • 3.7 Conclusion
  • IV ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
  • 4.1 Total Registered Food Processing Units in Kerala
  • 4.1 Number of FPI Units Selected From Sample Districts
  • 4.2 District - wise Classification of FPI Units Selected
  • 4.2 Cost Components of Food Processing Units
  • 4.3 Cost Structure of Small Scale Units
  • 4.3.1 Variable Costs (Operational Costs)
  • (a) Material cost
  • 4.3 Material Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • (b) Transportation cost
  • 4.4 Transportation Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • (c) Labour cost
  • 4.5 Emoluments Paid to the Labourers in Small Scale Units
  • 4.6 Classification of Labour in Sample Small Scale Units on the Basis of Males and Females
  • (d) Infrastructure cost
  • 4.7 Infrastructure Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • (e) Maintenance cost
  • 4.8 Maintenance Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • (f) Advertising and selling costs
  • 4.9 Advertising and Selling Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • (g) Miscellaneous cost
  • 4.10 Miscellaneous Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • (h) Total variable cost
  • 4.11 Variable Cost Components of Sample Small Scale Units for the Period from 1996-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.1 Variable Cost. Components of Sample Small Scale Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.3.2 Fixed Cost
  • 4.12 Fixed Cost per Unit of Sample Small Scale Units
  • 4.13 Cost per Unit of Sample Small Scale Units
  • 4.14 Total Variable Cost of Sample Small Scale Units
  • 4.2 District -- wise Growth of Variable Cost in Small Scale Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.4 Revenue Receipts of Small Scale Units
  • 4.15 Revenue Receipts per Unit of Sample Small Scale Units
  • 4.5 Cost. Structure of Medium Scale Units
  • (a) Material cost
  • 4.16 Material Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • 4.17 Source of Raw Materials
  • 4.18 Wastage of Raw Materials in Sample Medium Scale Units
  • (b) Transportation cost
  • 4.19 Transportation Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • (c) Labour cost
  • 4.20 Classification of Labourers in Sample Medium Scale Units
  • 4.21 Labour Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • (d) Infrastructure cost
  • 4.22 Infrastructure Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • (e) Maintenance cost
  • 4.23 Maintenance Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • (f) Advertising and selling costs
  • 4.24 Advertising and Selling Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • g. Research and Development (R&D) cost
  • h. Miscellaneous cost
  • 4.25 Miscellaneous Cost of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • i) Total variable cost
  • 4.26 Variable Cost Components of Sample Medium Scale Units for the period from 1996-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.3 Variable Cost Components of Sample Medium Scale Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.27 Cost per Unit of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • 4.28 Total Variable Cost for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01 of the Medium Scale Sample Units 4.29 Revenue Receipts per Unit of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • 4.4 District-wise Growth of Variable Costs in Medium Scale Units for Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.6 Revenue Receipts of Medium Scale Units
  • 4.29 Revenue Receipts per Unit of Sample Medium ScaleUnits (Rs.000)
  • 4.7. Cost Structure of Large Scale Units
  • a. Material cost
  • 4.30 Material Cost per Unit of Large Scale Sample Units
  • 4.31 Source of Raw Materials of Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.32 Wastage of Raw Materials per Unit by Sample Large Scale Sample Units 168
  • b. Transportation cost
  • 4.33 Transportation Cost per Unit of Sample Large Scale Units
  • c. Labour cost
  • 4.34 Classification of Labourers in Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.35 Labour Cost of Sample Large Scale Units
  • d. Infrastructure cost
  • 4.36 Infrastructure Cost of Sample Large Scale Units 4.37 Maintenance Cost of Sample Large Scale Units
  • e. Maintenance cost
  • 4.37 Maintenance Cost of Sample Large Scale Units (Rs.000)
  • f. Advertising and selling costs
  • 4.38 Advertising and Selling Cost of Sample Large ScaleUnits (Rs.000)
  • g. Miscellaneous cost
  • 4.39 Miscellaneous Cost of Sample Large Scale Units 4.40 R & D Cost of Sample Large Scale Units
  • h. Research and Development (RBsD) cost
  • 4.40 R&D Cost of Sample Large Scale Units (Rs.000)
  • i) Total variable cost
  • 4.41 Variable Cost Components (Annual Average) of Sample LargeScale Units for the Period From 96-97 To 2000-01 (Rs. 000)
  • 4.5 Variable Cost Components of Sample Large Scale Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.42 Cost per Unit. of Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.43 Total Variable Cost for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01 for the Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.8 Revenue Receipts of Large Scale Units
  • 4.6 District-wise Growth of Variable Cost of Large Scale Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.44 Revenue Receipts per Unit of Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.9 Profits and Profitability
  • a. Profit
  • 4.45 Profit per Unit of Sample Small Scale Units
  • 4.46 Profit per Unit of Sample Medium Scale Units 4.47 Profit per Unit of Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.47 Profit per unit of Sample Large Scale Units (Rs000)
  • 4.7 The Profit of the Sample Units for the Period from 96 97 to 2000-01
  • b. Profitability
  • 4.48 Profitability of Sample Small Scale Units 449 Profitability of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • 4.49 Profitability of Sample Medium Scale Units (percentage)
  • 4.50 Profitability of Sample Large Scale Units
  • 4.8 Profitability of Sample Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.10 Other Relevant Parameters
  • a) Labour intensity
  • 4.51 Labour Intensity of Sample Small Scale Units
  • 4.52 Labour Intensity of Sample Medium Scale Units
  • 4.53 Labour Intensity of Sample Large Scale Units
  • b. Raw material intensity
  • 4.54 Raw Material Intensity of Sample Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • c. Raw material efficiency
  • 4.11 Operating Cycle
  • 4.55 Raw Material Efficiency of Sample Units for the Period from 96-97 to 2000-01
  • 4.56 Operating Cycle in the Sample Small Scale FPI Units
  • 4.57 Operating Cycle in the Sample Medium Scale FPI Units
  • 4.58 Operating Cycle in the Sample Large Scale FPI Units
  • 4.12 Working Capital Management
  • 4.59 Working Capital Management Ratios
  • 4.13 Conclusion
  • V PROBLEMS OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY AND SUGGESTED REMEDIAL MEASURES
  • 5.1 Procedural Difficulties
  • 5.2 Labour
  • 5.3 Procurement of Raw Materials
  • 5.4 Transportation
  • 5.5 Electricity
  • 5.6 Infrastructural Facility
  • 5.7 Quality Packing Materials
  • 5.8 Official Harassment
  • 5.9 Sales Related Issues
  • 5.10 Waste Disposal
  • 5.11 Competition
  • 5.12 Food Safety Consideration
  • 5.13 Food Laws
  • 5.14 Suggested Remedial Measures
  • 5.15 Conclusion
  • VI CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • APPENDICES
  • APPENDIX 1 List of Food Processing Units in Kerala
  • APPENDIX 2 Total No. of Work Seekers in Kerala as on 31-10-2000
  • APPENDIX 3 Distribution of Work Seekers in Kerala by Educational Level
  • APPENDIX 4 District-wise Details of Small Scale Industrial Units Registered in Kerala During the Year 1999-2000
  • APPENDIX 5 District-wise Details of Small Scale Industrial Units Registered in Kerala as on 1 March 2000
  • APPENDIX 6 Working Status of Small Scale Units as on 31%M arch 2000
  • APPENDIX 7 Details of Entrepreneurship Development Programme Conducted During 1999-2000
  • APPENDIX 8 List of Food ltems Available in the Ship USS Skate
  • APPENDIX 9 Sample Survey of Food Processing Units in Kerala