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  • TITLE
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • I. DESIGN OF THE STUDY
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Consumer cooperative societies
  • 1.3 Review of literature
  • 1.4 Statement of the problem
  • 1.5 Objectives
  • 1.6 Hypotheses
  • 1.7 Scope of the study
  • 1.8 Methodology
  • a) Sample Selection
  • b) Period of Study
  • c) Sources of Data
  • d) Tools of Analysis
  • e) Limitations of the Study
  • 1.9 Scheme of the study
  • II. CONSUMER COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN INDIA
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Consumer cooperative movements in Asia
  • 2.3 Consumer cooperative movements in India
  • 2.1 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies during the post World War I period (1921 to 1929)
  • 2.2 Number of primary consumers cooperative societies and membership in primary consumers cooperative societies in India during World War 11 (1940 to 1945)
  • 2.4 Progress of consumer cooperative movement in India under the Five Year Plans
  • 2.3 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in India during the period 1946-47 to 1949-50.
  • 2.4 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies (1960-1989) in India
  • 2.5 Primary consumers cooperative societies - state-wise number of consumers cooperative stores (1988-89)
  • 2.6 State-wise details of primary consumers cooperative societies in India during the period 1960-61 to 1988-89.
  • 2.7 Membership in primary consumers cooperative societies in India during the period 1960-61 to 1988-89.
  • 2.5 The progress of consumer cooperative movement in India in the 1990s
  • 2.8 Details of primary consumers cooperative societies in India during nineteen nineties.
  • 2.6 District wholesale consumers cooperative stores in India
  • 2.1 The growth of primary consumer cooperative stores in India during nineteen nineties
  • 2.9 Progress of consumers cooperative wholesale stores in India (1949-50 to 1959-60)
  • 2.10 Progress of central / wholesale consumers cooperative stores in India during the period 1960-61 to 1988-89.
  • 2.11 Progress of wholesale consumers cooperative stores in India (1989-90 to 1996-97)
  • 2.7 State cooperative consumers federation
  • 2.12 Progress of State Cooperative Consumers Federations in India (1973-74 to 1998-99)
  • 2.8 The National Cooperative Consumers Federation of India Limited (NCCF)
  • 2.13 Sales turnover of National Cooperative Consumers Federation (1974-75 to 1991-92)
  • 2.9 Consumer cooperative movement in Kerala
  • 2.10 Primary consumer cooperatives in Kerala
  • 2.14 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1956 to 1977)
  • 2.15 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1982-83 to 1987-88)
  • 2.16 Progress of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1999-95)
  • 2.17 Primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala - Progress in Membership (1988-89 to 1994-95)
  • 2.18 Total paid-up capital of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1994-95)
  • 2.19 Total sales turnover in the primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1994-95)
  • 2.20 The percentage share of profit making primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1988-89 to 1994-95)
  • 2.21 Status of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala as on 31-3-1998
  • 2.11 District wholesale consumers cooperative stores in Kerala
  • 2.22 District wholesale consumers cooperative stores in Kerala (1956 1985)
  • 2.23 Performance of wholesale consumers cooperative societies in Kerala (1985-86 to 1994-95)
  • 2.12 The Kerala State Cooperative Consumers Federation Limited (Consumerfed)
  • 2.24 Progress of Kerala State Cooperative Consumers Federation Limited (1974-1989)
  • 2.25 Average monthly sales of Consumerfed during the period 1990-91 to 1997-98.
  • 2.26 Gross profit margin of Consumerfed (1990-91 to 1997-98)
  • 2.27 Net profit margin of Consumerfed (1990-91 to 1997-98)
  • III. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY CONSUMER COOPERATIVE STORES IN KERALA
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Paid-up share capital
  • 3.1 Paid-up share capital of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.2 Share capital contribution by the government towards the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990 91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.3 Capital employed
  • 3.3 Capital employed by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.4 Current assets
  • 3.4 Current assets of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.5 Net working capital
  • 3.5 Networking capital of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.6 Purchases
  • 3.6 Purchases made by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.7 Sales turnover
  • 3.7 Sales turnover made by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.8 Cost of goods sold
  • 3.8 Cost of goods sold by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.9 Trade expenses
  • 3.10 Establishment and contingency charges
  • 3.9 Trade expense incurred by the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.10 Establishment and contingency charge incurred by the primary consumers cooperative societies
  • 3.11 Profit
  • 3.11 Gross profit of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.12 Net profit of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies
  • 3.12 Regional variations - A synoptic view
  • 3.13 Highlights of region-wise performance of primary consumers cooperative societies in Kerala
  • 3.14 Results of ANOVA
  • 3.15 Critical difference analysis
  • 3.13 Ratio analysis
  • 3.16 Financial ratios in the framework of a primary consumers cooperative society
  • 3.14 Capital employed turnover ratio
  • 3.17 Capital employed turnover (times) in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.15 Total assets turnover ratio (times)
  • 3.18 Total assets turnover (times) in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.16 Stock to current assets ratio
  • 3.19 Stock to current assets in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.17 Stock turnover (times)
  • 3.18 Current ratio
  • 3.20 Stock turnover (times) in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.21 Current ratio in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.19 Quick assets ratio
  • 3.22 Quick ratio in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.20 Direct operating ratio
  • 3.23 Direct operating ratio in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.24 Trade expenses as a percentage of sales turnover in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990 91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.21 Gross profit ratio
  • 3.25 Establishment and contingency charges as a percentage of sales turnover in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.26 Gross profit ratio of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.22 Net profit ratio
  • 3.27 Net profit ratio of the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • 3.23 Stock productivity
  • 3.28 Stock productivity in the sample primary consumers cooperative societies for the period from 1990-91 to 1999-2000
  • IV. CUSTOMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS COOPERATIVE STORES IN KERALA
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Socio-economic characteristics of the sample respondents
  • 4.1 Membership status of sample customers.
  • 4.2 Gender-wise classification of sample customers
  • 4.3 Age-wise classification of sample customers
  • 4.4 Educational status of sample customers
  • 4.5 Occupation-wise classification of sample customers
  • 4.6 Size of family income of the customer respondents
  • 4.7 Religion-wise classification of sample customers
  • 4.3 Degree of influence of cooperative education
  • 4.4 Duration of relationship as a member of the store
  • 4.8 Degree of influence of cooperative education on buying goods from the store
  • 4.9 Duration of relationship as a member of the store
  • 4.5 Distance from primary consumer store to residence
  • 4.10 Distance from primary store to residence of sample customers
  • 4.6 Time of visit to the store
  • 4.7 Frequency of purchases
  • 4.11 Usual time of visit to the store by the sample customers
  • 4.8 Mode of payment
  • 4.12 Frequency of purchases made by sample customers
  • 4.13 Mode of payment used by the sample customers in consumer cooperative stores
  • 4.9 Relationship between education and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumers cooperative stores
  • 4.10 Relation between occupation and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the primary consumer stores
  • 4.14 Relationship between education and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumers cooperative store
  • 4.15 Relationship between occupation and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumer cooperative store
  • 4.11 Relationship between size of income and average monthly purchase consumer items from the consumers cooperative store
  • 4.16 Relationship between size of family income and average monthly purchase of consumer items from the consumers cooperative store
  • 4.17 Chi-square values for explaining the association between education, occupation, monthly family income and purchases for sample respondents
  • 4.12 Customers first preferred shops
  • 4.18 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying food grains in Kerala
  • 4.19 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying provisions and groceries in Kerala
  • 4.20 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying beverages, stationery and cosmetics in Kerala.
  • 4.21 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying vegetables and cold storage items in Kerala.
  • 4.22 Conolidated table showing customers first preference for buying textiles in Kerala
  • 4.23 Consolidated table showing customers first preference for buying utensils, gift articles and consumer durables in Kerala
  • 4.24 The number of customers who have recorded their first preference towards primary consumers cooperative stores
  • 4.1 Pie-chart showing the first preference towards primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala.
  • 4.13 Determinants for store preferences
  • 4.25 Ranks assigned to the factors influencing their purchases by the customer respondents
  • 4.26 Summary of significant factors influencing preference towards primary consumers cooperative stores
  • V. COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND THE PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN KERALA
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Public distribution system in India
  • 5.1 Utilization of PDS - Distribution of persons purchasing selected items over different sources - rural - 1986-87
  • 5.2 Percentage of quantity of purchases from PDS to total purchases by item in India (1986-87)
  • 5.3 Purchase from PDS to total value of purchases - rural areas state wise (1986-87)
  • 5.4 Per capita purchase of rice and wheat from PDS in 1986-87 (kg / month)
  • 5.5 Cereals purchased from PUS by rural bottom 20 per cent of households (1986-87)
  • 5.3 Recent issues in public distribution system
  • 5.6 Food grains allocations and offtake under public distribution system (Million tonnes)
  • 5.4 Public distribution system in Kerala
  • 5.7 Public distribution system in Kerala
  • 5.8 Relative dependence on PDS by select fractile group of households in Kerala (Rural and Urban)
  • 5.9 Quantity of rice and wheat distributed through PDS in Kerala (lakh tonnes)
  • 5.5 Cooperatives in the public distribution system in Kerala
  • 5.10 Number of authorised wholesale dealers in the PDS of Kerala
  • 5.11 Authorised retail ration shops (public distribution centres) in Kerala
  • 5.6 Peoples participation, consumer cooperatives and public distribution system
  • 5.12 The nature of ownership of public distribution centres supplying public distribution system goods to the customers
  • 5.13 Customers perceptions towards the statement that PDS supplies are satisfactory from the public distribution centres of the consumers cooperative store.
  • 5.14 Customers opinion about the need for the involvement of consumers cooperatives in the ownership and management of public distribution centres.
  • 5.7 Need and relevance of peoples participation
  • 5.8 Patronage to public distribution system and consumer cooperatives under peoples campaign in Kerala
  • 5.9 Policy perspective
  • 5.15 Sectoral development pattern of State plan assistance component of local plans in Kerala
  • VI. PROBLEMS OF CONSUMER COOPERATIVE 196-231 STORES IN KERALA
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Inadequate share capital base
  • 6.1 Average paid-up share capital of the sample primary consumers stores in Kerala
  • 6.2 Opinion about the adequacy of share capital available with the primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala.
  • 6.3 Limited internal resources
  • 6.4 Shortage of working capital
  • 6.3 Opinion about the adequacy of working capital available with the primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala
  • 6.5 High cost of borrowings
  • 6.6 Heavy administrative overheads
  • 6.7 Absence of scientific purchase policy
  • 6.8 Low volume of sales
  • 6.9 Narrow commodity coverage of the stores
  • 6.10 Attitudes of sales personnel
  • 6.11 Lack of trained and experienced staff
  • 6.12 Non-availability of preferred brands
  • 6.13 Poor display of products
  • 6.14 Absence of prompt set-vice
  • 6.15 Defective pricing policy
  • 6.16 Lack of innovative sales promotion techniques
  • 6.17 Unplanned business operations
  • 6.18 Lack of diversification of business
  • 6.19 Unscientific inventory management
  • 6.20 Lack of cooperative value education and dedicated cooperative leaders
  • 6.21 Declining government assistance
  • 6.22 Excess government control
  • 6.4 Customers opinion about the need for granting assistance to the consumer cooperatives by the panchayathi raj institutions.
  • 6.23 Insufficient infrastructural facilities
  • 6.24 External business environment
  • 6.25 Absence of effective linkages and integration among cooperatives
  • 6.26 Narrow membership base and apathy of members
  • 6.5 Consolidated table showing number of members in sample primary consumers cooperative stores in Kerala
  • 6.27 Lesser involvement of women
  • 6.6 Reasons for not attending the general body meetings regularly
  • 6.28 Declining role in the public distribution system
  • 6.29 Low stock productivity
  • 6.30 Stiff competition
  • 6.31 Defective accounting and audit practices
  • 6.32 Lack of professionalisation of management
  • 6.33 Miscellaneous issues
  • VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Capital structure
  • 7.3 Purchases
  • 7.4 Sales volume
  • 7.5 Price policy
  • 7.6 Cost of management
  • 7.7 Profitability
  • 7.8 Behaviour of ratios
  • 7.9 Inventory policies
  • 7.10 Customer attitudes
  • 7.11 Consumer cooperatives and public distribution system
  • 7.12 Major problems of consumer cooperatives
  • 7.13 Recommendations
  • 7.14 Contribution of the researcher
  • 7.15 Areas for future research
  • SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • APPENDIX I
  • APPENDIX II