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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ABSTRACT
  • PREFACE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF APPENDICES
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY
  • 1. PRELIMINARIES
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 The Present Situation
  • 1.3 Tribes in Kerala
  • 1.4 Relevance of the Study
  • 1.5 Research Design
  • 1.6 Organization of the Chapters
  • 1.7 Review of Literature
  • 1.8 Research Gap
  • 1.9 Limitations of the Study
  • Endnotes
  • 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE HILL TRIBES: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
  • Introduction
  • 2.1 Definition of the Tribes under Study
  • 2.2. Physical Features
  • 2.3 Topography and Habitat of the Tribals
  • 2.4 Legends
  • 2.5 Social Background
  • 2.6 Economic Status
  • 2.7 Religion
  • 2.8 Caste Practice in Travancore
  • 2.9 Exploitation of the Tribals
  • 2.10 Protestant Missionary Work in Travancore
  • 2.11 Earlier Christian Influences on the Malai Arayans
  • Summary
  • Endnotes
  • 3. TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT: APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES
  • Introduction
  • 3.1 Meaning of Development
  • 3.2 Approaches to Development
  • 3.3 Core Values of Development
  • 3.4 Development and Tribals of India
  • 3.5 Tribal Areas
  • 3.6 British Approach to Tribal Development
  • 3.7 Tribal Development after Independence
  • 3.8 Anthropological Approach to Tribal Development
  • 3.9 Constitutional Safeguards and the Tribals
  • 3.10 Provision for Reservation and the Constitutional Experiment in India
  • 3.11 Tribal Development in Kerala
  • Summary
  • Endnotes
  • 4. NEW ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRIBALS
  • Introduction
  • 4.1 Globalization Around the World
  • 4.2 The Delhi Consensus
  • 4.3 Globalization: Policies and Programmes
  • 4.4 Poverty and Deprivation
  • 4.5 Inequality
  • 4.6 Employment and Unemployment
  • 4.7 Affirmative Action
  • 4.8 Education and New Economic Policy
  • 4.9 The Market and the Marginalized
  • 4.10 Technology and Globalization
  • 4.11 Gender Dimension of Globalization
  • Summary
  • Endnotes
  • 5. PRESENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE TRIBES UNDER STUDY
  • Introduction
  • 5.1 Sample Details
  • 5.2 Literacy and Educational attainment
  • 5.3 Economic Condition
  • 5.4 Income of the Households
  • 5.5 Land Holdings
  • 5.6 Classification by Occupation
  • 5.7 Dwelling Places
  • 5.8 Savings and Debt position
  • 5.9 Basic Amenities
  • 5.10 Access to Social Infrastructure
  • 5.11 Social and Political Participation
  • 5.12 Access to Communication and News
  • 5.13 Health Situation
  • 5.14 Social Evils
  • 5.15 Welfare Measures and the Tribal Development
  • 5.16 Exploitation by Middlemen
  • 5.17 Opinion about the Welfare Schemes
  • 5.18 Best Agency for Implementation of Development Schemes
  • 5.19 Participation in ‘Oorukoottam’
  • 5.20 Possession of Ration Card and Voter Identity Cards
  • 5.21 Dependence on the Market
  • 5.22 New Economic Policy and Job Reservation
  • 5.23 Exogamous Marriages
  • 5.24 Women Empowerment and Membership in Kudumbasree
  • 5.25 Alienation of Land
  • 5.26 Problem Solving Agencies
  • 5.27 The Role of Socio-Religious Organizations
  • Summary
  • 6. JOB RESERVATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
  • Introduction
  • 6.1 Monthly Income
  • 6.2 Educational Attainment
  • 6.3 Land Holdings
  • 6.4 Size of Houses
  • 6.5 Savings and Debt position
  • 6.6 Alcoholism
  • 6.7 Availability of Basic Amenities
  • 6.8 Access to Social Infrastructure
  • 6.9 Indices of Socio- Economic Development
  • 6.10 Socio-Economic Development Index- Methodology
  • 6.11 Summary of Various Indices
  • 6.12 Comparison of Various Indices with Respect to Job Reservation
  • 6.13 Socio-Economic Status Based on Socio-Economic Development Index
  • 6.14 Development
  • 6.15 Missionary Influences and Socio-Economic Development of Christian Malai Arayans
  • 6.16 Index of Deprivation
  • Summary
  • Endnotes
  • 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • 7.1 General Conclusions
  • 7. 2 Test Results of the Hypotheses
  • 7.3 Theoretical Analysis
  • 7. 4 Recommendations
  • 7.5 Conclusion
  • APPENDICES
  • APPENDIX I- INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
  • APPENDIX II- LIST OF INTERVIEWEES
  • APPENDIX III- COMPUTATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICES AND THEIR COMPONENTS
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • INDEX