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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Inland Fishery Resources
1. Global Scenario
2. National scenario
3. State Scenario
Objectives of the Study
1.To identify the problems faced by traditional inland fishermen
2.To study the role of culture fisheries and Aquaculture
3.To study the economics of capture fisheries and the dwindling fish production in the economic condition of the inland fishermen
4.To evaluate the economic aspects of marketing, role of middlemen, moneylenders, financial arrangements of fishermen etc
5.To study the standard of living of inland fishermen and their social status
Hypothesis
Methodology
Survey Methodology
Population
Sample Selection
Questionnaire
Main source of errors in a sample survey
1. Sampling frame error
2. Respondent selection error
3. Question error
4. Recording error
5. Cheating errors
6. Inability error
7. Unwilling error
8. Data Analysis error
Precautions for preventing the above possible errors
Points to remember
Sample control
Control of the data collection environment
Response rate
Designing of the work
CHAPTERISATION
Limitations of the study
REFERENCES
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Books and Articles
2.2 GOVERNMENTAL PUBLICATIONS
REFERENCES
GOVERNMENTAL PUBLICATIONS
3 INLAND FISHERIES - A DETAILED ACCOUNT
FRESH WATER RESOURCES
Table 3.1-Inland Fishery Resources of the World
Table 3.2 Inland Fisheries Resources of India
Table 3.3-Reservoir Heads in where Farm/ Nursery Facilities Available
Table 3.4 - District Wise Details of Brackish Water Area Available under BFFDA
Table.3.5- Extent of Brackish Water Marsh Which could be Reclaimed and used for Brackish Water Prawn Culture
TRENDS IN INLAND PRODUCTION
Table 3.6- Trends in Inland Capture Fisheries by Continental Regions
Fig. 3.1-Trends in Inland Capture Fisheries by Continental Regions
Table. 3.7-Inland Capture Fisheries: Top Ten Countries in1996
Fig. 3.2- Inland Capture Fisheries: Top Ten Countries in 1996
Table 3.8- Inland Fish Production in Kerala: (From1980-81 2002-2003)
Table 3.9 - Statewise Inland Fish Production in India- 1997-1998
Table. 3.10- Percentage of Kerala in All India Inland Production of Fish from 1980-81 to 1996-97):
Table 3.11- The Share of Kerala in Shrimp Production and Export of the Country from 1990-2000.
Table 3.12 - Species wise and Year wise Inland Fish Landings in Kerala (Quantity in tonnes)
Table 3.13- Inland Fish Production and Their Prices in Kerala – From 1980-81 to 2002 - 03
FISHERMEN POPULATION
Table: 3.14 – Number of Fishers and Aquaculturists in the World
Table 3.15 Inland Fishermen Population of Kerala
Table 3.16- Active Inland Fishermen Population during 2002 – 2003 (estimated)
INLAND FISH MARKETS AND MARKETING
Table 3.17-District –wise Details of Fish Markets in Kerala
ROLE OF AQUACULTURE
FISH FARMER’S DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
PATTERN OF ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY FFDA
BRACKISH WATER FISH FARMER’S DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (BFFDA)
PATTERN OF ASSISTANCE
AGENCY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE, KERALA (ADAK)
FISHERIES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SOCIETY (FIRMA)
CENTRAL INLAND FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CIFRI)
JANAKEEYA MATSYA KRISHI
PROBLEMS IN INLAND FISHING
BIO- DIVERSITY LOSS
GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN FISHERIES SECTOR
INLAND FISHERY REGULATION
REFERENCES
4 SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF INLAND FISHERMEN
AREA OF STUDY
SOCIAL STATUS OF INLAND FISHERMEN
RELIGION AND CASTE AMONG FISHERMEN
Fig 4.1 – Caste and Religion among Fishermen
LATIN CATHOLIC COMMUNITY
Table 4.1 – Proportion of Latin Community in Kerala
DHEEVARA COMMUNITY
Sex- ratio and average house hold size
Table 4.2 - Sex-ratio in Fisherfolk in Kerala
Fig 4.2- Sex ratio of Inland Fishermen in Kerala
Table- 4.3-Survey of Female to Male Sex-ratio in Fishing Households
Size and Structure of House holds
Table 4.4- Number of members in Fishermen households
Fig 4.3 – Number of members in fishermen households
Table 4.5-Age Structure of Sex of the Inland Fishermen
Fig 4.4 – Age structure of sex of inland fishermen
Table 4.6- Family planning in Fishermen households
Fig 4.5 – Adoption of Family Planning Measures among Inland Fishermen
Average marriage age and Dowry system
Educational status of Inland fishermen
Fig 4.6 – Educational qualification of inland fishermen (in %)
Table.4.7- Literacy rate of India and Kerala
Table 4.8- Literacy rate of Inland Fishermen
Table 4.9- Distribution of Inland Fishermen on the Basis of Educational Status
Table 4.10- Medium of Instruction of Schools Attended by the Children of Inland Fishermen
Table 4.11 - Types of Schools Attended by the Fisherfolk Children
Fig 4.7 – Types of Schools Attended by the Fishermen Children
Table 4.12- Drop–outs and Dropout Rates among the Children of Inland Fishermen
Fig 4.8 Drop – out Percentage among Inland Fishermen children
LIVELIHOOD STANDARDS OF THE COMMUNITY
HOUSING
Table 4.13- Housing situations in Kerala
Table 4.14- Distribution of Inland fishermen households by type of Houses
Fig 4.9 – Housing Conditions in Inland Fishermen
OWNERSHIP OF LAND AND HOUSE
Table 4.15- Details Regarding the Ownership of Land of Inland Fishermen
Fig 4.10 - Ownership of Land (in Cents)
ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER
Table 4.16- Households and Drinking Water in Kerala
Table 4.17 – Fishermen households and Availability of Drinking Water
Table 4.18 - Source of Drinking Water
Fig 4.11 - Availability of Drinking Water in Kerala and Inland Fisher men
HEALTH AND TOILET FACILITIES
Table 4.19- Distribution of households by Latrine facility
Fig.4.12 – Distribution of households by Latrine facility
ELECTRIFICATION OF HOUSES
Table 4.20- Household Sources of Lighting in Kerala
Table 4.21- Household Source of Lighting in Fishermen Villages
Fig 4.13– Household Source of Lighting in Kerala & Fishermen villages (in %)
HOUSE HOLD AMENITIES
Table 4.22- Average Number of Amenities for the Fishermen households
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
Table 4.23 – Attitude of Inland Fishermen Towards Cultural activities
Table 4.24 – Participation of Inland Fishermen in Different Organizations
GENDER BASED DIVISION OF LABOUR
WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN INLAND FISHERIES
Table 4.25 – Occupational Distribution of Female Households
FOOD PATTERN OF FISHERMEN HOUSEHOLDS
Table 4.26 –Status of Households in Food Security
Table 4.27- Food Availability at the Family Level
Table 4.28 – Frequency of Inland Fish Brought to Home for Own Consumption
Table 4.29 – Recommended Quantities of Major Food Items in the Diet (Quantity in grams)
Table 4.30: - Actual Per Capita Daily Food Intake of Inland Fishermen
REFERENCES
5 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF INLAND FISHERMEN
AGE AND COMPOSITION OF THE WORK FORCE
ACTIVITY STATUS
Table 5.2 – Activity status of inland fishermen
EARNING MEMBERS AND EARNING DAYS
TIME AND MODE OF FISHING
AVERAGE DAILY CATCH AND NUMBER OF CREW MEMBERS
CHOICE OF OCCUPATION
ANNUAL EARNINGS OF INLAND FISHERMEN
CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
Fig 5.1- Average monthly expenditure under different groups
Table 5.14- Annual expenditure of inland fishermen – Item wise
Table 5.15-Averag monthly expenditure on different items by inland fishermen
Table 5.16- % distribution of monthly income on differentexpenditure items:
Fig 5.2-Showing Additional Income Expenditure (for a rupee)
Fig 5.2-Showing Additional Income Expenditure (for a rupee):
INDEBTEDNESS OF INLAND FISHERMEN
MARKETING SYSTEM AND ECONOMICS OF CAPTURE FISHERIES
Fig 5.3 – Common fish marketing systems in Kerala
Table 5.20 –Preservation Techniques used by Fishermen before selling
WOMEN IN PROCESSING INDUSTRY
ROLE OF FISHERMEN CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
Fig 5.4 - Organizational Structure of MATSYAFED
ROLE OF MICRO-CREDIT IN THE LIFE OF FISHERMEN
OTHER SOCIAL WELFARE MEASURES FROM THE GOVERNMENT
KERALA FISHERMEN’S FUND BOARD
FISHERMEN AND AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES
FISHERMEN AND CULTURE FISHERIES
Table 5.22-Inland fisheries- Annual plan2003-04
REFERENCES
6 ANALYSIS
INCOME
Fig.6. 1- Histogram for total monthly income
Fig.6. 2: Empirical Distribution of income/ month
Fig. 6.3 - Distribution of income per earning member
Probability Plot (P – P Plot)
Fig.6.4- Log normal P- P plot of income per earning member
INCOME AND SAVING
Terminology used in Correspondence analysis
Mass
Inertia
Inertia and row and column profiles
Fig. 6.5- Histogram showing the distribution of saving
Fig. 6.6 - Histogram showing the distribution of logarithm of saving
Fig 6.7 - Lognormal P-P Plot of saving
Hypothesis
Fig 6.8 – Biplot showing the relationship between income and saving
Fig 6.9-Empirical CDF of Income, Saving/Month (Rs.)
SAVING HABIT AND RELIGION
TERMINOLOGY USED IN ANOVA
P-VALUE
Hypothesis
Fig 6.10- Error bar diagram showing the saving with respect to caste
Educational Level and saving habit
Hypothesis
Fig. 6.11- Error bar for log (saving) Vs educational level
Table 6.11-Kruskal Wallis Test
INCOME AND DEBT
Fig. 6.12 – Histogram of Debt
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTERNAL EFFICIENCY OF FISHERMEN CO- OPERATIVES
Assess reliability and validly
Fig 6.13 - Perceptual map of factors affecting internal efficiency of fishermen’s cooperative societies with derived stimulus coordinates
Interpretation of the graph
REFERENCES
7 MAJOR FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS
1. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
2. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
3. SUGGESTIONS
4. CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I- State Wise Details of Inland Water Resources of various types (Lakh hectares)
APPENDIX II- Water Resources for the development of Inland Fisheries in Kerala
APPENDIX III – Details of Rivers in Kerala
APPENDIX IV Surface Area (Hectare) of Reservoirs owned by States
APPENDIX V- List of Important Reservoirs of Kerala
APPENDIX VI-Important Estuaries & Back Waters of Kerala
APPENDIX VII – District wise details of the total number of fixed engines in the back waters of Kerala
APPENDIX VIII- State wise inland fish production in India from 1998 – 2002 (quantity in Tonnes)
APPENDIX IX– Species wise inland Fish landings in Kerala: (Quantity in Tones)
APPENDIX X – Landing prices of Inland Fishes – 2000 - 2003: (Rs. In Lakhs)
APPENDIX XI – Average landing price of inland fishes from 2000 – 2003 (Price Rs. / Kg.)
APPENDIX XII – Performance of Janakeeya Matsyakrishi from 1997– 98 to 2001 – 02 (Amount Rs. Lakhs)
APPENDIX—XIII-- Educational Status of inland population in the study area
QUESTIONNAIRE- Socio-Economic condition of Inland Fishermen- Schedule Sheet.