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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED
CONTENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
I. Introduction
1.1 Statement of the Problem
1.2 Need and Importance of the Study
1.3 Scope of the Study
1.4 Review of Literature
1.4.1 Small Rubber Growers - An Overview
1.4.2 Small Rubber Growers and Rubber Economy
1.4.3 Perspectives on Rubber Producers Societies
1.5 Objectives of the Study
1.6 Hypotheses
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Sample Design
1 Rubber Board Regional Offices and RPSs in the Districts Under Study
2 Sample Design
3 List of RPSs in the Country
1 Rubber Producing Districts of Kerala Selected for the Study
1.9 Collection of Data
1.10 Period of the Study
1.11 Techniques of Analysis
1.12 Conceptual and Operational Definitions
1.13 Limitations of the Study
1.14 Presentation of the Report
II. Small Rubber Growers and Rubber Producers Societies In Kerala
2.1 History of Natural Rubber
2.2 World Supply of NR
4 Production of Natural Rubber in Different Countries in 2001- 2002
2.3 Natural Rubber in India
5 State-wise Total Area and Production of Natural Rubber in India during 2001-2002
6 Details of the Area of Estates and Holdings in India During 2001-2002
7 Details of the Area of Rubber Cultivation, Production and the Yield per Hectare in India During 2001-2002
2.4 Natural Rubber in Kerala
8 District-Wise Production of Natural Rubber in Kerala During 2001-2002
2.5 Rubber and its Harvesting
2.6 The Rubber Board - An Agency Assisting the Rubber Growers
2.7 Arguments for and against Rubber as a Small Growers Crop
2.8 The Small Rubber Growers and Co-operatives
2.8.1 Rubber Marketing Co-operatives
2.9 Rubber Producers Societies
2.9.1 The Objectives of the Rubber Producers Societies
2.9.2 Activities of the Rubber Producers Societies
2.9.2.1 Economic Benefits Rendered by Rubber Producers Societies.
2.9.2.2 Social Benefits Rendered by Rubber Producers Societies
2.9.2.3 Imparting Training to the Members
2.10 Model Rubber Producers Societies
2.11 Companies in the RPS Sector
2.12 Award for the Best RPS
2.13 K.M. Chandy Memorial Award for the Best Rubber Grower
2.14 National Federation of Rubber Producers Societies
III. Rubber Producers Societies: An Analysis from the Viewpoint of the Small Rubber Growers
3.1 A Profile of the Respondents
3.1.1 District-wise Distributior of the Respondents
9 District-wise Distribution of the Respondents
2 District wise Distribution of Respondents
3.1.2 Age-wise Distribution of the Respondents
10 Age-wise Distribution of the Respondents
3.1.3 Sex-wise Distribution of the Respondents
3.1.4 Religion-wise Distributions of the Respondents
11 Sex-wise Distribution of the Respondents
3.1.5 Distribution of the Respondents based on Occupation other than Agriculture
12 Religion-wise Distribution of be Respondents
3.1.6 Education-wise Distribution of the Respondents
13 Occupation-wise Distribution of the Respondents
3.1.7 Number of Dependants
14 Education-wise Distribution of the Respondents
3.1.8 Duration of Membership in the RPSs
15 Classification of Respondents on the Basis of the Number of Dependants
3.1.9 Source of Information about the RPSs
16 Classification of Respondents on the Basis of the Duration of Membership
17 Classification of Respondent on the Basis of the Source of Information
3.1.10 Leadership Role in the Rubber Producers Societies
3.1.11 Area of Agricultural Holding i. e. Rubber Cultivated Area
18 Classification of Respondents on the Basis of the Leadership Role
3.1.12 Area of Agricultural Holding other than Rubber Cultivated Area
19 Distribution of Respondents Eased on the Area of Rubber Cultivation
20 Distribution of Respondents Based on Planted Area other than Rubber Area
3.1.13 Evaluation of Income
21 Evaluation of Income of the Respondents of Kasargod District
22 Evaluation of Income of the Respondents of Kottayam District
23 Evaluation of Income of the Respondents of Kollam District
3.1.14 Membership in Other Social Organisations
24 Participation of the Respondents of Kasargod District in Other Social Organization
25 Participation of the Respondents of Kottayam District in Other Social Organizations
3.1.15 Nature of Houses Owned by RPS Members
26 Participation of the Respondents of Kollam District in Other Social Organizations
3.1 16 Ownership of Vehicles by RPS Members
27 Distribution of Respondents on the Basis of Nature of Houses
3.1.17 Home Appliances Owned by RPS Members
28 Distribution of Respondents on the Basis of Types of Vehicles Owned
29 Distribution of Respondents on the Basis of Home Appliances Owned
3.2 Evaluation of the Benefits of the Rubber Producers Societies and their Effectiveness
3.2.1 Economic Benefits Rendered by the Rubber Producers Societies
3.2.1.1 Benefits in the Form of Supplying Inputs
3.2.1.2 Marketing Benefits
3.2.1.3 Other General Services
3.2.1.1 Benefits in the Form of Supplying Inputs
3.2.1.1. 1 Fertilizers
3.2.1.1.2 Rain Guarding Material
30 Distribution of Respondent Based on Fertilizers Availed
3.2.1.1.3 Tapping Accessories and Cultivation Equipment
31 Distribution of Respondent Based on Rain Guarding Materials Availed
3.2.1.1.4 Planting Materials
32 Analysis of Respondents Based Tapping Accessories Availed
3.2.1.1.5 Spraying Facility and Spray Oil
33 Analysis of Respondents Based on Planting Materials Availed
34 Analysis of Respondents Based on the Spraying Facility and Spray Oil Availed
3.2.1.1.6 Ethepone
35 Analysis of Respondents Based on Availing Ethepone
3.2.1.1.7 Copper Sulphate
36 Analysis of Respondents Based on Availing Copper Sulphate
3.2.1.1.8 Tapping Panel Protection Materials
37 Analysis of Respondents Based on Tapping Panel Protection Materials Availed
3.2.1.1.9 Acid
38 Analysis of Respondents Based on the Supply of Acid
3.2.1.1.10 Tapping Shades
39 Analysis of Respondents Based on Tapping Shades Availed
3.2.1.2 Marketing Benefits
3.2.1.2. 1 Collection of Latex
40 Analysis of Respondents Based on Collection of Latex Facility Availed
3.2.1.2.2 Collection of Rubber Sheet
41 Analysis of Respondents Based on Sheet Collection Facility Availed
3.2.1.2.3 Collection of Scrap
42 Analysis of Respondents Based on the Facility of Scrap Collection Availed
3.2.1.3 Other General Services
3.2.1.3.1 Financial Grant for Silt Pit
3.2.1.3.2 Soil and Leaf Analysis
43 Analysis of Respondents Based on the Financial Grants for Silt Pits
3.2.1.3.3 Community Smoke House
44 Analysis of Respondents Based on Soil and Leaf Analysis
3 2.1.3.4 Demonstration Conducted
45 Analysis of Respondents Based on Community Smoke House Facility
46 Analysis of Demonstration Benefits Availed by the Respondents
47 Effectiveness of Supplying Inputs
3 Effectiveness of the Supply of Inputs
48 Effectiveness of the Sub Variables of Marketing Benefits
4 The Effectiveness of the Marketing Benefits
49 Effectiveness of Other General Services
5 The Effectiveness of the RPSs in Rendering Other General Services
50 The Ranking of the Economic Services Rendered by the RPS
3.2.2 Social Benefits Rendered by the Rubber Producers Societies
3.2.2.1 RPSs as a Forum for Discussion
51 RPS as a Common Forum for Discussion
3.2.2.2 RPS as an Agency for Promoting Managerial Qualities
52 Role of RPS in Developing Managerial Qualities
3.2.2.3 Helping to Uplift the Standard of Living
3.2.2.4 Role of RPS in Women Empowerment
53 Role of RPS in Uplifting the Standard of Living
3.2.2.5 Honouring the Best Rubber Growers and Rubber Tappers
54 Role of RPS in Women Empowerment
55 Role of RPS in Honouring the Best Rubber Growers and Rubber Tappers
3.2.2.6 RPS as a Nodal Agency for Financial Assistance
56 Role of the RPS as a Nodal Agency for Financial Assistance
3.2.2.7 Providing Study Aids to the Children of the Small Rubber Growers
57 Role of RPS in Providing Study Aids to the Children of RPS Members
3.2.2.8 Supplying Necessary Information to the RPS Members
58 Role of RPS in Supplying Necessary Information
3.2.2.9 Local Area Development
59 Role of RPS in Local Area Development
3.2.2.10 Providing Help to Generate Subsidiary Income from Rubber Plantations
60 Role of RPS in Providing Help to Generate Subsidiary Income
61 Effectiveness of Social Benefits Rendered by the RPS
3.2.3 Role of RPS in Imparting Training to their Members
6 The Effectiveness of the Various Social Benefits Rendered by the RPSs
3.2.3.1 Training in Rubber Planting
3.2.3.2 Training in Rubber Tapping
62 The Effectiveness of Rubber Planting Training Provided by the RPSs
63 The Effectiveness of Rubber Tapping Training Provided by RPS
3.2.3.3 Training in Subsidiary Income Generation
64 The Effectiveness of Training in Subsidiary Income Generation
3.2.3.4 Training in Quality Sheet Production
65 The Effectiveness of Training in Quality Sheets Production
3.2.3.5 Training in Fertiliser Application
66 The Effectiveness of Training in Fertilizer Application
3.2.3.6 Training in Value Addition
67 The Effectiveness of Training in Value Addition
68 Consolidated Result of the Training Sub-variables
3 3 Performance of the Board of Directors of the Rubber Producers Societies from the Members Viewpoint
7 Combined Effectiveness of Training Variables
3.3.1 Opinion of RPS Members about the Personality Based Performance of the Board of Directors
69 Rank Order of the Personality Based Performance of Board of Directors of Kasargod District
70 Rank Order of the Personality Based Performance of Board of Directors of Kottayam District
71 Rank Order of the Personality Based Performance of Board of Directors of Kollam District from the Members Viewpoint
72 Combined Scores of Effectiveness of Personality Based Performance of the Board of Directors
73 Effectiveness of the Personality Based Performance of the Board of Directors of the Three Districts from the Members Viewpoint
74 Rank Order of the Leadership Role Played by the Office bearers of RPSs
8 Effectiveness of the Personality Based Performance of the Board of Directors of the Three Select Districts from the Members Viewpoint
3.3.2 Opinion of the RPS Members about Activity Based Performance of the Board of Directors of the Rubber Producers Societies
3.3.2.1 Providing Necessary Information to the Growers
75 Evaluation of the Board of Directors in Providing Necessary Information to the Growers
3.3.2.2 Solving Disputes
76 Evaluation on the Board of Directors in Solving Disputes
3.3.2.3 Identifying Fund Raising Projects
77 Evaluation on the Board of Directors in Identifying Fund Raising Projects
3.3.2.4 Providing Training
78 Evaluation of the Role of the Board of Directors in Providing Training
3.3.2.5 Mode of Functioning
79 Evaluation of the Role of the Board of Directors in the Mode of Functioning
3.3.2.6 Attendance in Various Programmes of the Rubber Producers Societies
80 Evaluation of the Attendance of the Board of Directors in Various Programmes
3.3.2.7 Interest in Agricultural Activities
81 Evaluation of the Board of Directors Interest in Agricultural Activities
3.3.2.8 Interest in Social Activities
82 Evaluation of the Interest of the Board of Directors in Social Activities
3.3.29 Innovativeness
83 Evaluation of the Innovativeness of the Board of Directors
3.3.2.10 Helping Mentality towards Members
84 Evaluation of the Helping Mentality of the Board of Directors towards the Members
85 Combined Scores of the Evaluation of the Activity Based Performance of the Board of Directors
86 Combined Scores of the Five Different Magnitudes of the Scale Measuring the Activity Based Performance of the Board of Directors Regarding the Ten Variables under Study
9 The Overall Score of the Evaluation of the Activity based Performance of the Board of Directors of the Three Districts
IV. An Analysis of the Rubber Producers Societies from the Viewpoint of the Office Bearers
4.1 Profile of the Office Bearers
4.1.1 District-wise Classification of RPSs
87 District-wise Analysis of the Rubber Producers Societies
4.1.2 Position of the Board of Directors in the Rubber Producers Societies
10 District-wise Distribution of the Rubber Producers Societies
4.1.3 Education-wise Classification of the Board of Directors of the RPSs
88 Position-wise Analysis of the Board of Directors of the RPSs
89 Education-wise Classification of the Respondents
4.1.4 Number of Members in the Rubber Producers Societies
90 Average Membership in the RPSs during the Financial Year 2001-2002
4.1.5 Participation of Members in RPS Meetings
91 Average Number of Meetings Convened by the RPSs during the Financial Year 2001-2002
4.1.6 Regularity of Auditing in the Rubber Producers Societies
92 Rubber Producers Societies and Audit of Accounts
4.1.7 Tenure of the Board of Directors as Office-bearers of the Rubber Producers Societies
93 Tenure of the Board of Directors as Office-bearers
4.1.8 Facilities Provided by the Rubber Producers Societies
94 Facilities Provided by the Rubber Producers Societies
4.1.9 Companies in which the Rubber Producers Societies Have Share Holdings
4.1.10 Working Capital of the Rubber Producers Societies
95 Number of Companies, Shareholdings and Dividend Received by the RPSs
4.2 Leadership Role Played by the Office- bearers of the RP Ss
96 Rubber Producers Societies and Working Capital
97 Rank Order of the Managerial Role of the Office-bearers of the RPSs
98 Spearmans Correlation Coefficients
99 Rank Order of the Managerial Role of the Office-bearers of RPSs
11 The Leadership Role of the Office-bearers of the RPSs of the Three Districts
4.3 Problems Faced by the Rubber Producers Societies in Carrying out their Operation
100 Problems Faced by the Rubber Producers Societies
101 Spearmans Correlation Coefficients
102 Problems Faced by the Rubber Producers Societies
V. Conclusions and Recommendations
12 Problems faced by the RPSs
The Study in Retrospect
5.1 Findings
5.2 Suggestions and Recommendations
Scope for Further Research
BIBILIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I SMALL RUBBER GROWERS AND RUBBER PRODUCERS SOCIETIES IN KERALA
APPENDIX II SMALL RUBBER GROWERS AND RUBBER PRODUCERS SOClETlES IN KERALA
APPENDIX Ill COMPANIES IN THE RPSs SECTOR