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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • PREFATORY NOTE
  • CONTENTS
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 A historical perspective of palynological science
  • 1.2 Dimensions of palynological science
  • 1.3 Conceptual foundations of pollen morphology
  • 1.4 Pollen morphology in plant taxonomy and evolution
  • 1.5 Pollen morphology of cultivated plants
  • 1.6 Scope of the present investigation
  • 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • 2.1 Background Information
  • 2.2 Botanical Characterization
  • 2.3 Study Material
  • 2.4 Technique of Pollen Preparation
  • 2.5 Pollen Characters and Analysis
  • 2.6 Photographs and Illustrations
  • 3. OBSERVATIONS
  • 3.1 Data Information and Presentation
  • 3.1.1 Form
  • 3.1.2 Aperture
  • 3.1.3 Exine Ornamentation
  • 3.1.4 Exine Strata
  • 3.1.5 Pollen Size
  • 3.1.6 Pollen Shape
  • 3.1.7 Other Data
  • 3.1.8 Distinctive Characters
  • 3.2 Glossary
  • 3.2.1 Forms
  • 3.2.2 Aperture
  • 3.2.3 Colpus Characters
  • 3.2.4 Form
  • 3.2.5 Margin
  • 3.2.6 Edge
  • 3.2.7 Lateral ends
  • 3.2.8 Exine Ornamentation
  • 3.2.9 Surface Pattern Forms
  • 3.2.10 Exine Strata
  • 3.2.11 Pollen Size
  • 3.2.12 Pollen Shape
  • 3.3 Pollen Characterization
  • 1. Andaman Ranguchan
  • 2. Andaman Yellow Dwarf
  • 3. Ayrimakacchi
  • 4. Benaulim
  • 5. Blanchesseuse
  • 6. Borneo Tall
  • 7. British Solomon Island
  • 8. Cameroon Red Dwarf
  • 9. ChandraLeksha
  • 10. Chowghat Green Dwarf
  • 11. Cochin China
  • 12. Federated Malay States
  • 13. Fiji Tall
  • 14. Ganga Bondom
  • 15. Gonthembili
  • 16. Guam - II
  • 17. Guam - III
  • 18. Kaithathali
  • 19. Kappadam
  • 20. King Coconut
  • 21. Kulasekhara Yellow Dwarf
  • 22. Laccadive Micro
  • 23. Laccadive Ordinary
  • 24. Leksha Ganga
  • 25. Lifou Tall
  • 26. Malayan Green Dwarf
  • 27. Malayan Tall
  • 28. Malayan Yellow Dwarf
  • 29. Markom Tall
  • 30. Nadora Tall
  • 31. Niu Lekha Dwarf
  • 32. Orissa Tall
  • 33. Philippines Dalig
  • 34. Philippines Laguna
  • 35. Philippines Ordinary
  • 36. St. Vincent
  • 37. San Ramon Tall
  • 38. Seychelles Tall
  • 39. Sri Lankan Tall
  • 40. Sri Lankan Yellow Dwarf
  • 41. Strait Settlement Green Tall
  • 42. Verrikobbarri
  • 43. West Coast Tall
  • 44. Zanzibar Tall
  • 4. DISCUSSION
  • 4.1 Background Information
  • 4.2 Pollen Morphology of Coconut
  • 4.3 Morphological Analysis
  • 4.3.1 Pollen Form
  • 4.3.2 Apertural System
  • 4.3.3 Exine Surface Ornamentation
  • 4.3.3.1 Polar Cap
  • 4.3.3.2 Lateral Surface
  • 4.3.3.3 Other Characters
  • 4.4 Pollen morphology and Varietal Circumscription
  • 4.5 Morphological Evolution
  • 4.6 Structural Features of Functional Relevance
  • 4.7 Pollen Morphology and Geographical Distribution
  • Text Figure 2: Centers of bio diversity and distributional pattern of coconut genetic resources, based on pollen architecture
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • LEGENDS TO PLATES I - XV FIGURES 1 - 132
  • Plate I - Figures 1-9
  • Fig. 1-3: Andarnan Ranguchan
  • Figs. 4-6: Andaman Yellow Dwarf
  • Figs. 7-9: Ayiramkacchi
  • Andarnan Ranguchan
  • Andaman Yellow Dwarf
  • Ayiramkacchi
  • Plate II - Figures 10-18
  • Figs. 10- 12: Benaulim
  • Figs. 13-15: Blanckesseuse
  • Figs. 16-18: Borneo Tall
  • Benaulim
  • Blanckesseuse
  • Borneo Tall
  • Plate III - Figures 19-27
  • Figs. 19-21: British Solomon Islands
  • Figs. 22-24: Cameroon Red Dwarf
  • Figs. 25-27: Chandra Lekha
  • British Solomon Islands
  • Cameroon Red Dwarf
  • Chandra Lekha
  • Plate IV - Figures 28-36
  • Figs. 28-30: Chowghat Green Dwarf
  • Figs. 31-33: Cochin China
  • Figs. 34-36: Federated Malay States
  • Chowghat Green Dwarf
  • Cochin China
  • Federated Malay States
  • Plate V - Figures 37-45
  • Figs. 37-39: Fiji Tall
  • Figs. 40-42: Ganga Bondom
  • Figs. 43-45: Gonthembili
  • Fiji Tall
  • Ganga Bondom
  • Gonthembili
  • Plate VI - Figures 46-54
  • Figs. 46-48: Guam II
  • Figs. 49-51: Guam III
  • Figs. 52-54: Kaithathali
  • Guam II
  • Guam III
  • Kaithathali
  • Plate VII - Figures 55-63
  • Figs. 55-57: Kappadam
  • Figs. 58-60: King Coconut
  • Figs.6 1-63: Kulasekhara Yellow Dwarf
  • Kappadam
  • King Coconut
  • Kulasekhara Yellow Dwarf
  • Plate VIII - Figures 64-72
  • Figs. 64-66: Laccadive Micro
  • Figs. 67-69: Laccadive Ordinary
  • Figs. 70-72: Leksha Ganga
  • Laccadive Micro
  • Laccadive Ordinary
  • Leksha Ganga
  • Plate IX - Figures 73-81
  • Figs. 73-75: Lifou TaIl
  • Figs. 76-78: Malayan Green Dwarf
  • Figs. 79-81: Malayan Tall
  • Lifou TaIl
  • Malayan Green Dwarf
  • Malayan Tall
  • Plate X - Figures 82-90
  • Figs. 82-84: Malayan Yellow Dwarf
  • Figs. 85-87: Markom Tall
  • Figs. 88-90: Nadora Tall
  • Malayan Yellow Dwarf
  • Markom Tall
  • Nadora Tall
  • Plate XI - Figures 91-99
  • Figs. 91-93: Niu Lekha Dwarf
  • Figs. 94-96: Orissa Tall
  • Figs. 97-99: Philippines Dalig
  • Niu Lekha Dwarf
  • Orissa Tall
  • Philippines Dalig
  • Plate XII - Figures 100-108
  • Figs. 100-102: Philippines Laguna
  • Figs. 103-105: Philippines Ordinary
  • Figs. 106-108: Saint Vincent
  • Philippines Laguna
  • Philippines Ordinary
  • Saint Vincent
  • Plate XIII - Figures 109-117
  • Figs. 109-111: San Ramon Tall
  • Figs. 112-114: Seychelles Tall
  • Figs. 115-117: Sri Lankan Tall
  • San Ramon Tall
  • Seychelles Tall
  • Sri Lankan Tall
  • Plate XIV - Figures 118-126
  • Figs. 118-120: Sri Lankan Yellow Dwarf
  • Figs. 121-123: Striat Settlement Green Tall
  • Figs. 124-126: Verrikobbarri
  • Sri Lankan Yellow Dwarf
  • Striat Settlement Green Tall
  • Verrikobbarri
  • Plate XV - Figures 127-132
  • Figs.127-129: West Coast Tall
  • Figs. 130-132: Zanzibar Tall
  • West Coast Tall
  • Zanzibar Tall