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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DEDICATION
  • DECLARATION
  • CONTENTS
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • 1. PLANTATION CROPS IN KERALA
  • 1.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Plantation Crops in Kerala
  • 1.1 Area Under Plantation Crops
  • Tea Plantations
  • 1.2 Production of Plantation Crops in Kerala and India
  • Coffee Plantations
  • 1.3 Area Under Coffee and Tea in Kerala
  • Rubber Plantations
  • Cardamom Plantations
  • 1.4 Productivity of Plantation Crops in Kerala and India
  • 1.2 Commodity Boards and Plantation Crops in Kerala
  • Coffee Board
  • The Tea Board and tea plantations in Kerala
  • Rubber Board and Rubber Plantation in Kerala
  • 1.5 Scheme-wise Expenditure of Rubber Board
  • The Spices Board
  • 1.3 Employment Generation in the Plantation Sector
  • 1.6 Employment Position in Rubber Plantation in India
  • 1.4 Processing and Marketing of Plantation Crops
  • 1.1 Grade-wise Production of Natural Rubber in India
  • 1.5 Market Imperfections and Price of Plantation Crops inKerala
  • 1.7 Price of Agro-based Consumer Goods
  • 1.6 Comparative Advantage of Rubber Plantations in India
  • 1.8 Indias Global Rank in Major Agricultural Crops
  • 1.9 Country-Wise Export of Natural Rubber
  • 1.2 Export of Natural Rubber from Rubber Exporting Countries
  • 2. RUBBER PLANTATIONS IN KERALA
  • 2.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Natural Rubber in the Major Rubber Producing Countries
  • 2.2 Production of Natural Rubber in the Major Rubber Producing Countries
  • 2.3 Consumption of Natural Rubber by the Major Rubber Consuming Countries
  • 2.1 Production and Consumption of Natural Rubber in the World (Multiple Bar Diagram)
  • 2.1. Rubber Plantations in Kerala.
  • 2.4 Share of Natural Rubber in the Total Agricultural Area in Kerala
  • 2.2 District-Wise Cultivation of Natural Rubber in Kerala
  • 2.5 District wise Area and Production of Natural Rubber in Kerala
  • 2.3 Price of Rubber and Production of Natural Rubber in Kerala
  • 2.6 Price of Natural Rubber in India and Area of Rubber New Planted and Re-Planted in India
  • 2.7 Variety of Clones Used in Rubber Plantations
  • 2.8 Agricultural Improvement Measures in rubber Plantations
  • 2.4 Import Substitution and Export of Natural Rubber in India
  • 2.9 Production, Consumption, Export and Import of Natural Rubber in India
  • 2.2 Production and Consumption of Natural Rubber in India (Multiple Bar Diagram)
  • 2.5 Rubber Producers, Societies and Rubber Plantations
  • 2.3 Import and Export of Natural Rubber in India (Line Graph)
  • a. Improving the Processing and Marketing of Rubber
  • b. Distribution of Inputs
  • 2.6 Rubber Wood Processing in Kerala
  • a. Productivity of Indian Rubber Wood
  • 2.10 Sector-wise Consumption of Rubber Wood in India
  • 2.4 Sector wise Consumption of Rubber Wood in India (Pie Diagram)
  • b. Industrial Use of Stem Wood in Kerala
  • c. Rubber Processing in India and Work Efficiency
  • 2.7 Import of Synthetic Substitutes and Price of Natural Rubber
  • 2.11 Price of Natural Rubber and Consumption of Synthetic Rubber in the World
  • 2.12 Price of Natural Rubber in India and Import and Consumption of Synthetic Rubber
  • 2.8 Production and Consumption of Natural Rubber in Kerala
  • 2.13 State-wise Consumption of Natural Rubber in India
  • 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • Plantations Crops
  • Rubber Plantations
  • 4. DESIGN OF THE STUDY
  • 2. Statement of the Problem
  • 3. Objectives
  • 4. Hypothesis
  • 5. Methodology
  • Background of the Districts
  • Kottayam
  • 4.1 Kottayam District at a Glance
  • Idukki District
  • 4.2 Idukki District at a Glance
  • Ernakulam District
  • 4.3 Ernakulam District at a Glance
  • 6. Chapterisation
  • 7. Limitations of the Study
  • 5. GENERATION OF SURPLUS INCOME IN RUBBER PLANTATIONS
  • 5.1 Mono-Cropping of Rubber Plantations in Kerala
  • 5.1 Cropping Pattern of Major Agricultural Crops in Kerala
  • 5.1 Cultivation of Major Crops in Kerala
  • 5.2 Percentage of Rubber in the Total Agricultural Area of Rubber Growers
  • 5.3 Income From Rubber Total Agricultural Income and Income From Rubber of Rubber Growers
  • 5.4 Percentage of Income from Rubber out of the Total Agricultural Income of Rubber Growers
  • 5.2 Cost of Rubber Plantations in Kerala
  • 5.5 Per Hectare Expenditure of Tapping Rubber in Kerala
  • 5.2 Per Hectare Expenditure of Tapping Rubber in Kerala
  • 5.6 Rubber Production Subsidies in India
  • 5.3 The Problems of Rubber Growers in Kerala
  • 5.4 Opportunity Cost of Rubber Plantations in Kerala
  • Coconut
  • 5.7 Expenditure on Coconut Cultivation in Kerala
  • Cocoa Cultivation
  • 5.8 Expenditure on Cocoa Cultivation in Kerala
  • Plantation Cultivation
  • 5.9 Expenditure on Plantain Cultivation in Kerala
  • Topioca Cultivation
  • 5.10 Expenditure on Tapioca Cultivation in Kerala
  • Arecanut Cultivation
  • 5.11 Expenditure on Arecanut Cultivation in Kerala
  • 5.5 Surplus Income in Rubber Plantations in Kerala
  • 5.12 Surplus income in Rubber Plantations
  • 6. APPROPRIATION OF SURPLUS INCOME OF RUBBER GROWERS IN KERALA
  • 6.1 Price of Natural Rubber and Re-investment in Rubber Plantations in Kerala
  • 6.2 The price of natural rubber and physical quality of life
  • 6.1 The Consumption Level of Rubber Growers in Kerala
  • 6.3 Price of Natural Rubber and its Influence on Education in Kerala
  • 6.4 Price of Natural Rubber and Consumption of Vehicles in Kerala
  • 6.2 Farmers Children and their Education in Different Institutions
  • 6.3 Number of Vehicles in Rubber Growing Districts
  • 6.1 Index of Purchase of Motor Vehicles in Kottayam District and Kerala State
  • 6.5 Surplus income in Rubber Plantations and Employment Position in Rubber Areas.
  • 6.4 Price of Natural Rubber in Kerala and Value of Land
  • 6.6 Price of Natural Rubber and its influence on the Price of Land in Kerala
  • 6.7 Surplus from Rubber Plantations and its Influence on Construction Industry
  • 6.8 Price of Natural Rubber and Loan Re-payment in Kerala
  • 6.9 Price of Natural Rubber and Conversion to Cash Crow
  • 6.5 Area Under Paddy (Unirrigated) and Rubber in Kerala
  • 6.2 Area Under Rubber and Paddy (Unirrigated) in Kerala
  • 6.10. Rise in Income of Rubber Growers and Entrepreneurial Development
  • 6.11 Income and Savings of Rubber Growers
  • 6.12 Tourism Development
  • 6.13 The Adverse Effect of Surplus Income in Rubber Growing Areas
  • 6.14 Aggregate Income and Expenditure of Rubber Growers
  • 6.6 Surplus Income of Rubber Growers in Kerala
  • 6.3 Surplus Income of Rubber Growers in Kerala
  • 6.4 Per Cent Appropriation of Surplus Income of Rubber Growers
  • 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • 7.2. A Few Suggestions
  • SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • QUESTIONNAIRE