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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE 1
  • CERTIFICATE-2
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • GLOSSARY OF TERMS
  • CONTENTS
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Polymer blends
  • 1.2 Blending techniques
  • 1.3 Miscibility of blends
  • 1.4 Characterisation of polymer blends
  • 1.4.1 Microscopy
  • (a) Optical microscopy
  • (b) Scanning eltxtron microscopy
  • (c) Transmission electron microscopy
  • (d) Atomic force microscopy
  • 1.4.2 Glass transition temperature
  • (a) Dynamic mechanical analysis
  • b) Dielectric methods
  • (c) Dilatometric methods
  • (d) Calorimetric methods
  • (e) Thermo-optical analysis
  • (f) Radioluminescence specroscopy
  • 1.4.3 Scattering methods
  • 1.4.4 Spectroscopic techniques
  • 1.4.5 Viscometric technique
  • 1.4.6 Rheological measurements
  • 1.5 Studies on elastomer blends
  • 1.6 Scope and objectives of the work
  • 1.7 References
  • 2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
  • 2.1 Materials
  • 2.1.1 Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)
  • 2.1.2 Poly (ethylene-co--vinyl acetate) (EVA)
  • 2.1.3 Chemicals
  • 2.1.4 Filers and solvents
  • 2.2 Preparation of the blends
  • 2.3 Characterisation of the blends
  • 2.3.1 Mechanical properties
  • 2.3.2 Optical microscopic studies
  • 2.3.3 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies
  • 2.3.4 X-ray studies
  • 2.3.5 Cure characteristics
  • 2.3.6 Polysulphidic linkage estimation
  • 2.3.7 Cross link density determination
  • 2.3.8 Melt flow studies
  • 2.3.9 Dynamic mechanical analysis
  • 2.3.10 Diffusion experiments
  • 2.3.11 Thermal analyses
  • 2.4 References
  • 3 MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
  • 3.1 Results and discussion
  • 3.1.1 Morphobgy of the blends
  • Fig. 3.1. Optical micrographs showing the blend morphology of different blend compositions; (a) N10, (b) N20 and (c) N30
  • Fig. 3.1. Optical micrographs showing the blend morphology of different blendcompositions: (d) N40, (e) N SO (, f) N60, (g) N70, (h) N80 and (i) NW
  • Fig. 3.2. Scanning electron micrographs showing the microstructure morphologyof (a) N30, @) NSOan d (c) N70
  • 3.1.2 Mechanical properties
  • Fig. 3.11. Scanning electron micrographs showing the tear fronts of (a) NO, (b) NO (, c) NO, (d) N70, and (e) N IOO
  • 3.1.3 Model fitting
  • 3.1.4 Reprocessability of the blends
  • 3.2 References
  • 4 CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF UNFILLED AND FILLED NBR / EVA BLENDS
  • 4.1 Results and discussion
  • 4.1.1 Morphology
  • 4.1.2 Cure characteristics
  • 4.1.3 Mechanical properties
  • 4.1.4 Scanning electron microscopic studies
  • 4.1.5 Model fitting
  • 4.1.6 Effect of fillers
  • Fig. 4.27. Scanrung electron micrographs showing the tensile fiacture surfaces of (a) 1 OS (b) l OC (c) lOBS and (d) I OBH
  • Fig. 4.28. Scanning electron micrographs showing the tear fixture surfaces of (a) 10s (b) lOC (c) IOBS and (d) IOBH
  • 4.2 References
  • 5 MELT RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
  • 5.1 Results and discussion
  • 5.1.1 Melt viscosity
  • 51.2 Melt elasticity
  • 5.1.3 Die swell
  • 5.1.4 Extrudate deformation
  • Fig. 5.8. Photograph of NBFUEVA blends extruded at different shear rates
  • 5.1.5 Morphology of the extrudates
  • Fig. 5.9. Scanning electron micrographs of the extrudates of NJO obtained atshear rates of (a) 12 s-, (b) 122 s-I and (c) 367 it
  • Fig. 5.13. Scanning electron micrographs of extrudate at a shear rate of 367 s (a) N30, (b) NsO. (c) N70 and Id) core region of N70
  • 5.2 References
  • 6 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
  • 6.1 Results and discussion
  • 6.1.1 Effect of blend composition
  • 6.1.2 Effect of frequency
  • 6.1.3 Effect of cross linking systems
  • 6.1.4 Model fitting
  • 6.1.5 Cole-Cole analysis
  • 6.1.6 rime-temperature superposition analysis
  • 6.2 References
  • 7 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
  • 7.1 Results and discussion
  • 7.1.1 Sorption behaviour
  • 7.1.2 Determination of the network structure
  • 7.1.3 Comparison with theory
  • 7.1.4 Effect of penetrants
  • 7.2 References
  • 8 THERMAL ANALYSIS AND AGEING CHARACTERISTICS OF NBR / EVA BLENDS
  • 8.1 Results and discussion
  • 8.1.1 Thermogravimetric analysis
  • (a) Effect of blend composition
  • (b) Effect of crosslinking systems
  • (c) Effect of fillers
  • (d) Activation energy of degradation
  • 8.1.2 Differential scanning calorimetry
  • 8.1.3 Ageing characteristics
  • Fig. 8.19. Effect of blend composition on the tensile strength of peroxide curedunaged and aged samples
  • Fig. 8.22. Effect of filler loading (IIAF) on the tensile strength of unagcd andaged samples
  • 8.2 References
  • CONCLUSION
  • FUTURE OUTLOOK
  • 1. Compatibilisation studies
  • 2. Electrical property measurements
  • 3. Fabrication of useful products
  • APPENDIX
  • LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
  • CURRICULUM VITAE