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TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE-1
CERTIFICATE-2
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1. Introduction
I l Reasons for blending
1.2 Methods of blending
1.3 Types of blends
1.3.1 Based on miscibility
1 3 2 Based on constituents
1.4 Thermoplastic elastomers from rubber / plastic blends
l.5 Problems with immiscible blends
I.6 Compatibilisation
1.7 Role of compatibilisers in blending processes
1.8 Strategies for compatiblisation of polymer blends
I.8. I Addition of premade grafted and block copolymers
1 8.2 Reactive compatibilisation
1.8.2. I Comparison of reactive versus physical blending
1.8.2.2 Addition of end reactive polymer generating block copolymers
1.8.2.3 Addition of end reactive polymers generating:; rafted copolymers
l 8 2.4 Addition of polymers carrying pendant reactive groups as precursors of grafted copolymers
1.8.2.5 Addition of polymers carrying pendant reactive groups as precursors of branched copolymers
1.8.3 Addition of low molecular weight chemicals
1.8.4 Interchange reactions
1.8.5 Dynamic vulcanisation
1.8.6 Addition of ionomers
1.8.7 Addition of a third polymer partially miscible with all blend phases
1.8.8 Miscellaneous route
1.8.8.1 Common solvent method
1.8.8.2 Addition of reactive fillers as compatibilisers.
1.9 Effect of reactive blending on phase morphology
1.9.1 Phase morphology development in reactive blending
1.9.2 Effect of reactive blending on phase stabilisation in the melt
1.9.3 Effect of reactive blending on phase con-continuity
1.10 Rheology of reactively compatibilised polymer blends
1.11 Theories of compatiblisation
1.12 Thermoplastic elastomers resulting from NBR based binary blends
1.13 Scope and objectives of the work
1.1 3.1 Optimisation of mixing parameters
1.13.2 Correlation between morphology and mechanical properties of binary blends
1.13.3 Evaluation of the effectiveness of each compatiblisation technique based on phase morphology
1.13.4 Prediction of blend miscibility based on dynamic mechanical analysis
1.13.5 Examination of the processibility
1.13.6 Evaluation of the thermal stability
1.13.7 Analysis of dielectric properties
1 13.8 Examination of the resistance of the blend towards agressive enviornment
1.14 References
2. Experimental
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Polymers
2.1.2 Compactibilisers
2.1.3 Chemicals
2.1.4 Fillers
2.1.5 Solvents
2.2 Prucedure
2.2.1 Blending
2. 2.2 Dynamic vulcanisation
2.2.3 Incorporation of fillers
2.3 Moulding
2.4 Phase morphology
2.5 Mechanical properties
2.6 Dynamic mechanical analysis
2.7 Melt flow measurements
2.8 Die swell measurements
2.9 Principal normal stresses
2.10 Extrudate morphology
2.11 Cross link density determination
2.12 Differential scanning calorimetry
2.13 Thermogravimetric analysis
2.14 Dielectric measurements
2.15 Sorption experiments
2.16 References
3. Optimisation of Mixing Parameters, Morphology and Mechanical Properties of HDPE/NBR Blends
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Results and discussion
3.2.1 Optimisation of mixing parameters
3.2.2 Effect of blend ratio on morphology and mechanical properties
3.2.3 Theoretical modelling
3.3 Conclusion
3.4 References
4. Compactibilisation by the Addition of Modified Polyethylene
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results and discussion
4.2.1 Effect of compatibilisers on morphology
4.2.2 Effect of compatibilisers on mechanical properties.
4.2.3 lR spectra of modified polyethylenes
4.2.4 Mechanism of grafting
4.3 Conclusion
4.4 References
5. Compatibilisation by Dynamic Vulcanisation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results and discussion
5.2. I Brabender curves
5.2.2 Mechanical properties
5.2.3 Theoretical modelling
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 References
6. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Results and discussion
6.2.I Effect of blend ratio
6.2.2 Effect of compatibilisers
6.2.3 Effect of dynamic vulcanisation
6.2.4 Effect of filler
6.2.5 Theoretical modelling
6.3 Conclusion
6.4 References
7. Melt Rheology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Results and discussion
7 2. I Melt viscosity of binary blends
7.2.2 Effect of dynamic vulcanisation
7.2.3 Effect of compatibiliser on melt viscosity
7.2.4 Effect of blend ratio on morphology
7.2.5 Effect of extrusion rate on morphology
7.2.6 Effect of compatibiliser loading or morphology
7.2.7 Effect of annealing on morphology
7.2.8 Effect of temperature on viscosity
7.2.9 Shear rate temperature superposition curve
7.2.10 Flow behaviour index (n)
7.2.1 1 Melt elasticity
7.2.12 Extrudate behaviour
7.3 Conclusion
7.4 References
8. Thermal and Crystallisation Studies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Results and discussion
8.2.1 Melting and crystallisation behaviour of the blends.
8.2.2 Effect of compatibilisation
8.2.3 Effect of dynamic vulcanisation
8.2.4 Effect of filler
8.2.5 Thermogravimetric analysis
8.3 Conclusion
8.4 References
9. Electrical Properties
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Results and discussion
9.2.1 Effect of blend ratio
9.2.2 Effect of dynamic vulcanisation
9.2.3 Effect of filler
9.3 Conclusion
9.4 References
10. Transport Properties
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Results and discussion
10.2. I Effect of DCP on mixing torque
10. 2.2 transport properties
10. 2.3 Mechanism of diffusion
10. 3 Conclusion,
10.4 References
11. Conclusion and Future Scope
11.1 Conclusion
11. 2 Future scope of the work
11.2.1 Compatibiisation efficiency by interfacial characterisation
11.2.2 Free volume measurement
11.2.3 Determination of extent of cross linking
11. 2.4 Crystallisation studies
11.2.5 Oil absorption studies
11. 2.6 Fabrication of useful products
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
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